Name:________________ Date:_______Earth Science Rabbi Goldberg

Review

Vocabulary – 1. Crust -

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Fault Zone- ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. tilting - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Folding - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. faulting - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. strata- ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Subsidence- ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Bench mark -______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Pwave-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10.Swave-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11.Lwave-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12.Focus-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13.epicenter-______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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14.Earthquake- ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15. tsunamis - ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Notes review

I. The Crust a. Is the outer zone of the earth made out of rock b. Always changing

II. Proofs that the earth is always changing a. Deformed rock strata-

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Displaced Fossils – _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. Subsidence- ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Bench mark -____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

III. What is the difference between horizontal and vertical displacement/a. _____________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Areas of crustal activies a. Earthquakes and volcanic eruption usually occur

____________________________________________________. b. Usually the _____________ ocean c. These zones mark _____________________________________.

V. Earthquake

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a. Is a sudden trembling or shaking of the ground caused by movement along a break or fault in the rock realeasing the stress build up in the ground

b. When an earthquake occurs ___________________ waves move in all different direction from the focus

i. Focus-__________________________________________ii. Epicenter -

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Seismographs -________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. Waves OF Earthquakes a. There are several different types of waves

i. P Waves – also called Compress waves 1. ____________________________teh same direction

the wave is moving 2. Pass through anything 3. Highest velocity - __________________________

ii. S Waves – also called secondary waves 1. cause earth to vibrate in _____________________2. _________________________________________

iii. Lwaves – Long Period waves VII. How do we measure Earthquake strength

a. Mercalli scale - _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. Richter scale i. Measures the amount of energy released by the earth

moving ii. Goes from ___________________________

VIII. Facts a. Both volcanoes and Earthquakes are hazaerdous (dangerous) to

living things b. Fires are common after an Earthquake do to broken gas lines

etc…..IX. Tsunamis

a. Large underwater earthquakes i. Can occur after a reg earthquake ii. DON’T GO NEAR COAST VERY DANGEROUS

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X. How do we use a graph ?

Example Question # 1

If the P wave hits a location at 7 min 30 seconds where is this location?

Step #1 Locate 7 Minutes 30 Seconds

Step # 2 Take a straight piece of paper and draw a line until you hit the P wave

Step # 3 Using a ruler or your piece of paper draw a straight line down

Step 4 The line hits the distance at 5.2 multiply that by 1000 = 5,200

Answer = 5, 200

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Example Question #2

An earthquake occurred at 5:00:00 a.m. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, at what time would the P-wave reach a seismic station 3,000 kilometers from the epicenter?

STEP #1 - LOCATE 3,OOO Kilometers on the graph

Step #2 Move up until you hit the p wave

Step #3 the move to the left and mark down how many minutes it took the earthquake to hit the location

In our case it is around 5 minutes and 40 seconds

Step # 4 Add 5:40 minutes to 5 am = 5:05 and 40 Seconds

Example question #3

If the difference between the p wave and S wave is 6 minutes 20 seconds, how far away is the location from the epicenter?

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Step # 1 Put a piece of paper and measure 6minutes 45 seconds

Step #2 Drag the marked index card up the P wave line until your marking hits the s wave and the bottom of your card or paper is on the P wave

Step #3 Draw a straight line down and mark the distance in our example it goes to 5 x1000 = 5,000 km

Example # 4

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If it takes the S wave 17 minutes to reach Position x How long would it take the p-wave to get to position x ?

Step # 1 Locate 17 minutes Step #2 Using a piece of paper or an index card draw a straight line from the 17

until you hit the S wave

Step # 3 draw a straight line down from the point of the S wave until the distance number

Step #4 Mark off the number ( remember each box is 200 km) Our answer is 6,000

Example 6 ****Where is the Epicenter? NYS Lab

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Step 1 Look at the graph above it shops three different seismograms at three different locations The first set of zigzags with the P is the P wave the second set

and larger is the S wave. Subtract the p wave time from the S wave time.

San Jose New York San Francisco

P wave = 21 S wave began 30:30

30:30 - 21:00 8:30 Minutes

Step #2 Take each time difference and do the same thing you did in example #3 and determine the distance for each location.

San Jose New York San Francisco

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Step #3 On the bottom of your map below there are measurements

using your protractor measure out the distance .

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Step #4 Without moving your measurement put the point on the correct location and make a circle

Step # 5 Do this for each location

Step 6 the place where the circles meet mark with an X (or if there is a large over gap color it in and them mark it.

You are done the X is your epicenter GOOD JOB!!!!!!!!!!!

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Example #5

Question: If it takes the S wave 18 minute to get to location Y, How long does it take the p wave to get to the same location?

Step # 1 Locate 18 minutes

Step #2 Using a piece of paper or an index card draw a straight line from the 18 until you hit the S wave

Step # 3 Then draw using a piece of paper or a card a straight line down from the point of the S wave until the you HIT THE P WAVE

Step #4 From the point on the P wave draw a straight line to the left until you hit the time line

Step #4 Mark off the time to the nearest 00:10Our answer is !0 minutes

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