AAO Continuing Education

Earn 3 Hours of CE Credit CE Editor: Dr. Michael Rennert

Instructions: To submit your answers to this test and earn 3 hours ofCE credit, log on to www.AAOmembers.org. Select the link for theStore, where you can purchase the examination for $20 (a 20%discount off the regular $25 fee). You will receive e-mails confirmingyour order and instructing you how to access the test. Follow the

attractiveness of various occlusal traits, (2) social perceptions, (3)

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web page). Results are tabulated immediately. To earn 3 hours of CEcredit, you must answer 75% of the questions correctly. If you do notreceive a passing score the first time, you can take the test again, freeof charge, until you pass. Upon successful completion of the test, yourCE credits will be added to the AAO’s online CE Credit Manager, and

instructions to complete the examination (you will be directed to a you can use the CE Credit Manager to print a certificate.

Learning objectives

After completing this course, the participant will be able to:1. Understand the perceptions of dental professionals and laypeople

to altered dental esthetics.2. Understand the influence of lips on the perception of malocclusion.3. Discuss peer assessment of dental attractiveness.4. Evaluate the surgical placement of miniscrew implants for orth-

odontic anchorage.5. Predict the cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facial

height after removal of premolars.6. Understand the effects on alignment stability in Class II malocclu-

sion treated with 2- and 4-premolar extraction protocols.7. Evaluate the use of a rapid maxillary expander only, or a rapid

maxillary expander combined with a mandibular removableSchwarz plate, in the mixed dentition.

Article 1. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons toaltered dental esthetics: Asymmetric and symmetric situations, byVincent O. Kokich et al1. The first objective of this study was to determine whether

asymmetric and symmetric anterior dental discrepancies aredetectable by dental professionals and laypersons. The secondobjective was to determine whether asymmetric alterations intooth color or shading affect the perception of anterior dentalattractiveness differently from symmetric alterations.a. The first statement is true; the second is false.b. The first statement is false; the second is true.c. Both statements are true.d. Both statements are false.

2. The following ideas were presented: (1) orthodontists and dentistswere more critical than laypeople of asymmetric crown lengthdiscrepancies; (2) all 3 groups could identify a unilateral crownwidth discrepancy of 0.5 mm; (3) a small midline diastema wasnot rated as unattractive by any group; and (4) unilateral reduc-tion of papillary height was generally rated less attractive thanbilateral alteration. Which is correct?a. 1, 2, and 3.b. 2, 3, and 4.c. 3 and 4.d. All.

Article 2. Influence of lips on the perception of malocclusion, byCraig R. Scott et al3. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of

vermilion heights of the upper and lower lips on (1) the

the sex of images of the lower half of the face, and (4) whetherthose perceptions are influenced by the viewer’s occupation.Which is correct?a. 1, 2, and 3.b. 2, 3, and 4.c. 3 and 4.d. All.

4. This study demonstrates that the thickness of the vermilion borderhas no effect on how people rate the attractiveness of thedentition.a. This statement is true.b. This statement is false.

Article 3. Peer assessment of dental attractiveness, by Egle Ong et al5. The aim of this study was to assess the effects on dental

attractiveness (1) of tooth alignment and color; (2) of tooth shape,size, and crown proportions; and (3) of gum color and contour;(4) and to test the validity of the golden proportion. Which iscorrect?a. 1, 2, and 4.b. 2, 3, and 4.c. All.d. None.

6. This study showed that overall dental attractiveness does notdepend on any single feature of the dentition; nevertheless, ahierarchy of features was established, with crown shape rankedhighest, and tooth and gum color ranked lowest. Also, it wasshown that the golden proportion and the golden percentage weresignificant factors in dental attractiveness.a. The first statement is true; the second is false.b. The first statement is false; the second is true.c. Both statements are true.d. Both statements are false.

Article 4. Soft-tissue and cortical-bone thickness at orthodonticimplant sites, by Hee-Jin Kim et al7. The purpose of this study was to obtain information that can be

used as a standardized reference for the placement of orthodonticminiscrew implants.a. This statement is true.b. This statement is false.

8. The study showed that surgical placement of miniscrew implantsfor orthodontic anchorage in the mandibular premolar region ispreferable to placement in the midpalatal suture area, wheresoft-tissue thickness is not uniform.a. This statement is true.

b. This statement is false.

Answersa b c d a b c d

1 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ 9 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

2 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ 10 ❏ ❏

3 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ 11 ❏ ❏

4 ❏ ❏ 12 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

5 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ 13 ❏ ❏

6 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ 14 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

7 ❏ ❏ 15 ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏

8 ❏ ❏

Program EvaluationAgree Neutral Disagree

1. The content was appropriate and timely. ❏ ❏ ❏

2. The objectives were clearly stated and met. ❏ ❏ ❏

3. The articles were well written. ❏ ❏ ❏

4. Statistics were clearly explained and relevant. ❏ ❏ ❏

5. Content is applicable to my daily practice. ❏ ❏ ❏

6. I will apply most of the information ❏ ❏ ❏

in my daily activities.7. This method is valuable in helping me ❏ ❏ ❏

complete my continuing educationrequirements.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Article 5. Cephalometric changes in overbite and vertical facialheight after removal of 4 first molars or first premolars, by Mark G.Hans et al9. The first objective of this study was to compare overbite and vertical

dimensions in patients who had permanent teeth removed as part oftheir treatment plans. The second objective was to compare cepha-lometric mandibular plane angle changes when 2 different high-pullheadgears were used.a. The first statement is true; the second is false.b. The first statement is false; the second is true.c. Both statements are true.d. Both statements are false.

10. The study showed that the 2 high-pull headgears were indistin-guishable insofar as controlling the vertical dimensions afterremoval of posterior teeth.a. This statement is true.b. This statement is false.

Article 6. Alignment stability in Class II malocclusion treated with2- and 4-premolar extraction protocols, by Guilherme Janson et al11. The purpose of this study was to compare posterior occlusion stability in

patients treated with 2- and 4-premolar extraction protocols.a. This statement is true.b. This statement is false.

12. Class II treatment with a 2-premolar extraction protocol resulted insignificantly less mandibular anterior tooth irregularity than a 4-pre-molar extraction protocol. There was no difference in posteriorocclusion stability between the 2 groups.a. The first statement is true; the second is false.b. The first statement is false; the second is true.c. Both statements are true.

d. Both statements are false.

Article 7. A long-term evaluation of the mandibular Schwarzappliance and the acrylic splint expander in early mixed dentitionpatients, by Paul W. O’Grady et al13. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term treatment

effects of the rapid maxillary expander only and the rapidmaxillary expander combined with a removable Schwarz plate inthe mixed dentition stage of dental development, followed laterby comprehensive orthodontic treatment.a. This statement is true.b. This statement is false.

14. The decision to use an expansion protocol was based on thepresence of at least 1 of these criteria: (1) crowding, (2) lingualcrossbite, (3) esthetics, and (4) a tendency toward a Class IImalocclusion. Which is correct?a. 1, 2, and 3.b. 2, 3, and 4.c. All.d. None.

15. Dental casts were obtained for all patients (1) before treatment,(2) after expansion and before phase 2 treatment, (3) after phaseII treatment, and (4) at least 6 years after phase 2 records. Whichis correct?a. 1, 2, and 3.b. 2, 3, and 4.c. All.d. None.

16. One can conclude from this study that there is no significantdifference between the 2 treatment protocols.a. This statement is true.

b. This statement is false.

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