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Page 1: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 2: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Early People of the AegeanEarly People of the Aegean

• Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization– Migrated from the Island of Migrated from the Island of CreteCrete

• Named them after Minos, legendary king of CreteNamed them after Minos, legendary king of Crete– Success through Success through sea tradesea trade– Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos Rulers lived in the palace at Knossos – Disappeared by 1400 BCDisappeared by 1400 BC

• Volcanic eruptionVolcanic eruption• EarthquakeEarthquake• Tidal Wave (Tsunami)Tidal Wave (Tsunami)• Invaders (Invaders (MycenaeanMycenaean))

Page 3: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Art of the Minoans

Page 4: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Rulers of Rulers of MycenaeMycenae• First record of First record of Greek-speakingGreek-speaking people people

– 1400 BC to 1200 BC1400 BC to 1200 BC– Sea tradersSea traders– Warrior-king built a thick-walled fortressWarrior-king built a thick-walled fortress

•Ruled surrounding villagesRuled surrounding villages

•Lots of treasure, especially Lots of treasure, especially gold gold ornamentsornaments

Page 5: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Art of the Mycenaean

Page 6: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Trojan WarTrojan War

• Around 1250 BCAround 1250 BC– Economic rivalry between Economic rivalry between MycenaeanMycenaean

and and TroyTroy (a city now in Turkey) (a city now in Turkey)

– Troy controlled the Troy controlled the Dardanelles StraitDardanelles Strait (narrow water passages) that connect (narrow water passages) that connect the Black Sea and Mediterranean sea.the Black Sea and Mediterranean sea.

Page 7: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 8: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 9: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 10: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Who Is This Person?

Page 11: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

The Age of HomerThe Age of Homer•HomerHomer

– Lived around 750 BCLived around 750 BC– Blind poet Blind poet – Wrote the Wrote the IliadIliad and the and the OdysseyOdyssey, two , two

famous historical epic poemsfamous historical epic poems•IliadIliad is a major source for the Trojan War is a major source for the Trojan War

•OdysseyOdyssey describes how Odysseus returned home describes how Odysseus returned home to his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall of Troyto his faithful wife, Penelope, after the fall of Troy

– Both provide insight to the Both provide insight to the valuesvalues of ancient of ancient Greeks such as honor, courage, and Greeks such as honor, courage, and eloquenceeloquence

Page 12: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

The Real “Homer”

Page 13: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

The Rise of Greek City-StatesThe Rise of Greek City-States

• Small city-states developed (Small city-states developed (30,000 - 100,00030,000 - 100,000))

• Sailors tradedSailors traded::– olive oilolive oil– winewine– marblemarble– metalsmetals

• By 750 BC, rapid population growth forced many By 750 BC, rapid population growth forced many Greeks to uproot, bringing their ideas and culture with Greeks to uproot, bringing their ideas and culture with themthem

The Rise of Greek City-StatesThe Rise of Greek City-States

Page 14: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

The PolisThe Polis• Unique version of the Unique version of the city-statecity-state, ,

developed after 750 BCdeveloped after 750 BC– Built usually on a hilltop (Built usually on a hilltop (acropolisacropolis))– Temples dedicated to Temples dedicated to godsgods and and goddessesgoddesses– Included homes, theater, and an agora Included homes, theater, and an agora

(marketplace)(marketplace)

Page 15: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 16: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 17: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Early GovernmentsEarly Governments• 750-500 BC, different forms of 750-500 BC, different forms of

governmentgovernment evolved: evolved:– MonarchyMonarchy

•Ruled by King or Queen Ruled by King or Queen

– AristocracyAristocracy•Ruled by wealthy landownersRuled by wealthy landowners

– OligarchyOligarchy•Rule by middle-class farmers, merchants, and Rule by middle-class farmers, merchants, and

artisansartisans

Page 18: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Example of a Phalanx

Page 19: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

American Football is based American Football is based on the “phalanx” formationon the “phalanx” formation

Page 20: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Changes in WarfareChanges in Warfare

• Military technology increased power of Military technology increased power of the middle classthe middle class– Iron weapons Iron weapons and tools replaced bronzeand tools replaced bronze

•Made helmets, shields, and swordsMade helmets, shields, and swords

– PhalanxPhalanx•Heavily armed soldiers in rowsHeavily armed soldiers in rows

Page 21: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Sparta: A Nation of Sparta: A Nation of SoldiersSoldiers• Were part of the Were part of the Dorians’ cultureDorians’ culture

– Great soldiersGreat soldiers– Conquered people into slaves called Conquered people into slaves called helotshelots– Brutal system of Brutal system of strictstrict control—executions control—executions

– Government: Government: 2 kings2 kings and a council of elders and a council of elders•Citizens approved all major decisionsCitizens approved all major decisions

•Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of 30age of 30

– Assembly elected Assembly elected 5 ephors 5 ephors or officials who or officials who held the real power and ran day-to-day held the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.affairs.

Page 22: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Where Is Sparta?Where Is Sparta?

Page 23: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

– From birth, Spartans were part of a military stateFrom birth, Spartans were part of a military state• HealthyHealthy babies lived; babies lived; sick or weaksick or weak babies were left to die babies were left to die

– At 7At 7, boys were sent to the , boys were sent to the barracksbarracks (military (military training)training)

– At 20At 20, they could marry, but had to live in the , they could marry, but had to live in the barracksbarracks

– At 30At 30, they took their place in the assembly, they took their place in the assembly

– Spartans isolated themselves from other Greeks and Spartans isolated themselves from other Greeks and forbade their citizens to travelforbade their citizens to travel

Page 24: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Athens: A Limited Athens: A Limited DemocracyDemocracy• Government evolved from a monarchy to Government evolved from a monarchy to an aristocracyan aristocracy– Ordinary people were Ordinary people were discontentdiscontent

(dissatisfied)(dissatisfied)

– Athens moved toward Athens moved toward democracydemocracy (government by the people)(government by the people)•Only Only male citizensmale citizens could participate in could participate in

governmentgovernment

Page 25: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Where Is Athens?

Page 26: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 27: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

WomenWomen• Sparta WomenSparta Women

– Trained to produce Trained to produce healthyhealthy sons for the army sons for the army or else…or else…

– Obey fathers and husbandsObey fathers and husbands– Could Could inheritinherit property property

• Men were occupied with Men were occupied with war, so some women were war, so some women were in charge of entire estatesin charge of entire estates

• Athens WomenAthens Women– No share in public lifeNo share in public life– Guided by menGuided by men– Lived in Lived in seclusionseclusion (lonely) (lonely)– Managed the entire Managed the entire

householdhousehold• Spun, wove, cared for their Spun, wove, cared for their

children, and prepared children, and prepared food.food.

Page 28: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Forces of UnityForces of Unity• Shared a Shared a commoncommon Greek culture Greek culture

– Same languageSame language•GreekGreek

– Same godsSame gods•Polytheistic Polytheistic (belief in many gods); (belief in many gods); ZeusZeus was the was the

most powerfulmost powerful

– Same heroesSame heroes•Hercules; Jason and the Argonauts; Perseus; Hercules; Jason and the Argonauts; Perseus;

OdysseusOdysseus

– Same festivalsSame festivals•OlympicOlympic games games

Page 29: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 30: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Victory in the Greek WorldVictory in the Greek World• The Persian Wars (The Persian Wars (AtheniansAthenians vs. vs.

PersiansPersians))– Greeks Greeks rebelledrebelled against Persian rule in 499 against Persian rule in 499

B.C. B.C. •Pe rsian emperor, Pe rsian emperor, DariusDarius, sent a huge force to , sent a huge force to

attackattack

– Force landed in Force landed in MarathonMarathon 490 BC 490 BC•Greeks sent Greeks sent PheidippidesPheidippides to carry news to to carry news to

Athens; he sprinted Athens; he sprinted 26.2 miles26.2 miles and died. and died. Marathons today are 26.2 miles.Marathons today are 26.2 miles.

– Greeks defeated PersiansGreeks defeated Persians•AthensAthens emerged as the most powerful city-state emerged as the most powerful city-state

in Greecein Greece

Page 31: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

““Golden Age of Athens” Golden Age of Athens” • PericlesPericles

– A A noblenoble statesman statesman– Economy thrivedEconomy thrived– Government became Government became democraticdemocratic– 460 BC to 429 BC is often called the “460 BC to 429 BC is often called the “Age of Age of

Pericles”Pericles”– Rebuilt the AcropolisRebuilt the Acropolis– Athens Athens became the cultural center of Greecebecame the cultural center of Greece– Paid salaries and enabled poor men to servePaid salaries and enabled poor men to serve

Page 32: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete
Page 33: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War• 431-404 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta 431-404 B.C. Athens vs. Sparta

– Athens attacked by Athens attacked by seasea– Sparta attacked by Sparta attacked by landland

• Plague broke outPlague broke out, killing 1/3 of the , killing 1/3 of the population, including Pericles population, including Pericles

• 404 B.C. with help from the Persians, 404 B.C. with help from the Persians, SpartaSparta captured Athens captured Athens

• Democratic government Democratic government sufferedsuffered– Corruption and selfish interests ran rampantCorruption and selfish interests ran rampant

Page 34: Early People of the Aegean Minoan Civilization Minoan Civilization –Migrated from the Island of Crete Named them after Minos, legendary king of Crete

Recall (You May Use Your Notes)

•What are 3 aspects from the Ancient Greece presentation that interest you the most?

•Aspect 1:

•Aspect 2:

•Aspect 3: