early greece and the bronze age ancient greece. greece – bronze age origins of civilization –...
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Early Greece and the Bronze Age
Ancient Greece
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory– History
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic and other prehistorical categories
– History
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories
– History
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History• Begins with evidence
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History• Begins with evidence
– Material
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History• Begins with evidence
– Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.)
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History• Begins with evidence
– Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.)– Textual
Greece – Bronze age
• Origins of civilization– Prehistory• Includes Paleolithic (=old stone age) and other
prehistorical categories• Relies on old age of earth and very long natural history
of human existence
– History• Begins with evidence
– Material (bones, buildings, pots, etc.)– Textual (writing on metal, stone, bones, other media)
Greece – Bronze age
• Major periods of Greek history:– Ancient history
• Neolithic 5000-2500
• Bronze age 2500-1100• Dark age / Iron age 1100-700
– Archaic Period 700-500– Classical Period 500-350– Hellenistic Period 350-150– Roman Period 150bc – 31bc
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic– Bronze
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic– Bronze– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)– Bronze– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze• Technological advance in metallurgy
– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze• Technological advance in metallurgy• Lasts till the late second to early first millennium
– Iron
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze• Technological advance in metallurgy• Lasts till the late second to early first millennium
– Iron• Another technological advance in metallurgy
Greece – Bronze age
• 3 ages we deal with in ancient history:– Neolithic ( = new stone age)
• ~ 5000-2500 bc
– Bronze• Technological advance in metallurgy• Lasts till the late second to early first millennium
– Iron• Another technological advance in metallurgy
• Names based on materials in common use – assume overlap
Greece – Bronze age
• Comparative history (cf. timeline in your text)
Greece – Bronze age• Comparative history (cf. timeline in your text)
Ages&
civilizations
Western civilization Eastern civilizationMesopotamia Egypt Greece China India
Neolithic ~5000-2500 ~5000-2500 ~5000-2500 ~5000-2500 ~5000-2500
Flood Old kingdom / pyramids
Preminoan / Minoan
Indus valley civilization
Bronze ~2900-1100 ~3150-1100 ~3000-1100 ~3100-771 ~3300-1200
Sumer / Akkad / Hammurabi
Middle and new kingdoms / Exodus
(Minoan / Mycenaean civilizations)
Shang / Western Zhou
Harappan civilization
Iron ~1100-500 ~1300-500 ~1300-500 ~1300’s OR ~500’s
~1200-180
Hittite, Assyria, Babylon
New kingdom / last pharaohs
Rise of polis / archaic and classical ages
Western Zhou / Eastern Zhou
Iron age vedic civilization
Greece – Bronze age
• Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system
Greece – Bronze age
• Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system
• Historicity relies on historiography
Greece – Bronze age
• Material remains give their names to this relative epochal dating system
• Historicity relies on historiography– Advent of hellenism in Greece (500’s sq.)– Writing in any language is necessary
Greece – Bronze age
• Early Bronze Age– 3000-2000bc– Crete and mainland Greece: civilization rises
because of contact with palace-kingdoms of the East
– 4th millennium bc: Rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt
Greece – Bronze age
• Early Bronze Age– 3000-2000bc– Crete and mainland Greece: civilization rises
because of contact with palace-kingdoms of the East
– 4th millennium bc: Rise of civilization in Mesopotamia and Egypt
– Early bronze-age culture in Greece exists – the Aegean peoples
Greece – Bronze age
• Bronze age civilizations:– Cycladic (>2200-1800<)– Minoan (>1900-1600)– Mycenaean (1600-1100)
Greece – Bronze age
• Middle Bronze Age 2000-1600bc– Early bronze-age peoples replaced by Indo-
Europeans (cf. language)• Early Greek speakers• A fused Hellenic culture dependent on civilization:
– Herders, farmers– Metallurgy– Pottery and clothmaking
• Patrilineal and Patriarchal
Greece – Bronze age
• Sources:– Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890) (Troy and
Mycenae)– Sir Arthur Evans (1851-1941) (Cnossus)
Greece – Bronze age• Minoans– Crete a land of
city-states (3000-1900)
– 1900: first palace; 1700: second palace
– Palace is political, economic, and administrative center; focus of state and religious ceremony
Greece – Bronze age
• Minoans– Palace economy: redistribution and trade• Requires record: WRITING (Linear A)
– Art and Architecture• Color, painting, and bulls
– Eruption of Thera (1628bc)
Greece – Bronze age
• Mycenaeans– Late Bronze Age – 1600-1100bc– Chiefs evolve into monarchs– Shaft graves shift to tholos tombs– Cretan takeover: 1450bc– 1375bc: Mycenae becomes the dominant center
in Greece– Mycenaean palace system, again requires
WRITING: Linear B
Greece – Bronze age
• Mycenaeans– Walled citadels• Focus on megaron (long rectangular hall)
– Separate small kingdoms– Reach their zenith 1400-1200– In literature, the generations of the heroes
(leading up to and including the heroes of the Trojan war)• Cf. king lists
Greece – Bronze age
• Minoan and Mycenaean religion– Gods and goddesses– Honored with processions, music, dance– Propitiated with gifts and sacrifice• Animal sacrifice• Human sacrifice
– Pantheon (be familiar with the big 12!)
Greece – Bronze age
• Warfare– Wanax – warrior king• Heavy armor
– Soldiers: large shields, bronze daggers and swords, two spears, bows and arrows
– Mycenaean chariot
Greece – Bronze age
• Decline of bronze age Greece– 1200-1100 : devastation– Sea peoples? Dorians?– Greece settles into the “Dark Age” (1100-700bc)
Greek sources and the Bronze age
• Homeric epics: Iliad and Odyssey (You MUST be familiar with these)
• Hesiod:– Theogony (to understand religion and tradition of
literature for the rest of the Greek material)– Works & days 109-201 (cf. West’s edition)
• Herodotus (Finley, 29-31)• Thucydides (Finley, 218-225)