The Colonial Experience:

The DutchSimer KenJV Emily

COLONIZATION

• to send colonists to or establish a colony in (an area)

• to settle in (an area) as colonists• to transform (a community) into a colony • the act of colonizing; the establishment

of colonies• to take control of (an area) by any means

Colonial EraIn 1492 Columbus discovered America and brought gold and

wealth back to Spain. Therefore, to balance Spanish supremacy in

Europe, Portugal had to start colonizing other countries as well.

Reasons for the Dutch to invade the Portuguese colonies in

Malacca(almost the same as any other European force)

1) Control the spice trade ( spice ingredients of preservation)

2) Control important trade route to the East, to balance the superiority of Arabs traders and Spaniards.

3) Discover the sea route to the east through Cape of Good Hope

4) Process superior sea power and naval expertise

5) Spread Christianity

COLONIZATION

• Malaysia was once a colonized land.• Was subjugated by other powers for total

period of 446 years since 1511 until 1957.• Portuguese 1511-1641• Dutch 1641-1824• British 1824-1942• Japan 1942-1945• British 1945-1957

The Dutch Empire in the 17th century

Dutch and Portuguese

• In the early 17th Century, Dutch began to rise up as a maritime super power.

• It started contesting with the Portuguese power in the east .

• It had strong relationships with the Johor Sultanate since 1606.

• Dutch granted Johor supremacy and Johor will help the Dutch to expel the Portuguese from Malacca.

Dutch Defeats The Portuguese

• The Dutch began launching several attacks on Portuguese Malacca but all attempts failed.

• 14th January 1641, the Dutch took possession of the fortress of Malacca. (With the help of the Sultan of Johor, Sultan Abdul Jalil)

• Initially, the Dutch was grateful and signed a treaty with Johor.

• Granted Johor free access to trade in Malacca as a sign of friendship.

Dutch Expands it’s Influence

• The Malays thought with the help of the Dutch, they could regain Malacca.

• Instead, the Dutch formed a government under VOC (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie) after the capture of Malacca.

• Longest period of Malacca under foreign control (183 years)

• Marked the decline of the importance of Malacca.

Dutch’s Influence

• The VOC had no intention in developing Malacca’s trade.

• Rather develop Batavia as the main Eastern base of the VOC.

• Only importance of Malacca:-1. Was a strategic outpost between the East and

West2. Did not want Malacca to fall into any other

European hands.

Dutch’s Desires Revealed• In 1650, Dutch attempted to monopolize

tin trade in Perak and Selangor.• It failed - opposition from the local

people.• Force the Sultan of Perak to sign a treaty

to sell the tin only to the them.

Accused the Sultan of Selangor for favouring the British East India Company.

Had to give up desire for tin monopoly - Attack by Panglima Kulup Ali in 1650 to the Dutch settlements in Pangkor Island and Hilir Perak.

Friendship Broken

• In 1782, the Dutch-Johor friendship was severely tested due to commercial rivalry between them.

• Dutch laid siege to Riau 29th October 1784 (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie)

• 1784 agreement – Sultan Mahmud III was forced to surrender Riau

• Although Sultan Mahmud III is acknowledged as the ruler of Johor, it was in fact under Dutch influence.

Final Conquest

• The Sultan’s disenchantment was intensified when the Dutch sent a Resident to Riau.

• Launched an military attack on the Dutch settlement in Riau.

• The Dutch recaptured it in the same year.• Last expansion of the Dutch influence in the

Malay Peninsula – the Napoleon War in Europe.

Dutch impact on the people

• Religion

– Christianity: The Dutch, like the Portuguese also wanted to spread Christianity. However, the Portuguese were Catholics and most of the Dutch invaders at that time in Malacca were protestants.

– Churches: Obviously, the Dutch built churches in order to spread Christianity in a more organised yet subtle manner.

•Malay language

Risico = risiko (risk)Boek = buku (book)

Dundoek = sepanduk (banner)

• Historical sites

A significant icon visible in Dutch Square is Red Clock Tower. It was erected in 1886 in honour of a generous Chinese tycoon named Tan Beng Swee. Some called it 'Tan Beng Swee Clock Tower'.

The Christ Church of Malacca is the oldest protestant church in Malaysia. Once you enter, Last Supper painting made of glazed tiles is visibly over the altar. The ceiling in the church is the most notable feature, whereby the beams over 15 m long each was made from a single tree.

The Stadthuys, also known as the "Red Building" among the locals is one of the most visited and most photographed Tourist Attractions in Malacca. Today, it is the Historical Museum of Malacca.

INFLUENCE ON THE MALAYA NATIONThe Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824Signed on the 17th March 1824 between the British and Dutch.• Singapore, Malacca and Penang Island under

the British influence. (Malaya)• The South of Singapore and East India under

the Dutch influence (Indonesia)

Geographically The line that separated the influence between the British and the Dutch became the border between Indonesia and Malaysia.

Architectural Buildings • Dutch Square, Malacca• Christ Church Malacca was formerly the Dutch Reformed Church of Malacca. • It is the oldest surviving Dutch church building.• Symbol of the Christian faith of the Dutch people in

Malacca.

Road Systems• Structures had become more organised and had a better road

system. • Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock and Jonker Street were focused as

the areas for development and trading.

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