dsp thrissur ch1

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala Department of Town & Country Planning, Kerala Chapter-1 PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT Thrissur District Fig 1.1 Location of Thrissur 1.1 INTRODUCTION Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala has derived its name from ‘Thrissivaperur’ meaning the abode of Lord Shiva. The religious, historical and archeological cultures are specifically remarkable in the District and hence the development of tourism gets focused well. District possess excellent network of transportation system with its good quality road including National and State highway. Major industrial sectors are Handloom, Khadi Handloom, Pottery Tiles, Wood based units, Rubber based units, Coconut oil extraction, Food processing units, etc.. Major crops like paddy, tapioca, rubber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc.. are also grown here. 1.2 LOCATION Thrissur district is in the central region of Kerala state lying between 10 0 10 and 10 0 46’ north latitude and 75 0 57’ and 76 0 54’ east longitude. Thrissur District is bounded on the north by Malappuram and Palakkad District, south by Idukki and Ernakulam Districts, east by Palakkad District and Coimbatore district of TamilNadu and west by Lakshadweep sea. Thrissur District slopes down from the Western Ghats in the east to the Lakshadweep Sea to the west forming three distinct natural divisions-the highlands, the plains and the sea board. The Location of Thrissur District is shown in Fig 1.1. 1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS Thrissur district is divided into five taluks which are Talappilly, Chavakkad, Thrissur, Kodungallur and Mukundapuram. The spatial distribution of the taluks is shown in Fig 1.2. The names of the taluks, taluk head quarters and number of villages in each taluk are given in Table 1.1. 1

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Page 1: Dsp thrissur ch1

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Chapter-1PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

ThrissurDistrict

Fig 1.1 Location of Thrissur

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala has derived

its name from ‘Thrissivaperur’ meaning the abode of

Lord Shiva. The religious, historical and archeological

cultures are specifically remarkable in the District and

hence the development of tourism gets focused well.

District possess excellent network of transportation

system with its good quality road including National

and State highway. Major industrial sectors are

Handloom, Khadi Handloom, Pottery Tiles, Wood based

units, Rubber based units, Coconut oil extraction, Food

processing units, etc.. Major crops like paddy, tapioca,

rubber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc.. are

also grown here.

1.2 LOCATION

Thrissur district is in the central region of Kerala

state lying between 10010’ and 100 46’ north latitude and

750 57’ and 760 54’ east longitude. Thrissur District is

bounded on the north by Malappuram and Palakkad

District, south by Idukki and Ernakulam Districts, east

by Palakkad District and Coimbatore district of

TamilNadu and west by Lakshadweep sea.

Thrissur District slopes down from the Western

Ghats in the east to the Lakshadweep Sea to the west

forming three distinct natural divisions-the highlands,

the plains and the sea board. The Location of Thrissur

District is shown in Fig 1.1.

1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS

Thrissur district is divided into five taluks which

are Talappilly, Chavakkad, Thrissur, Kodungallur and

Mukundapuram. The spatial distribution of the taluks

is shown in Fig 1.2. The names of the taluks, taluk head

quarters and number of villages in each taluk are given

in Table 1.1.

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Page 2: Dsp thrissur ch1

PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

The District has 17 Panchayat blocks, six munici-

pal councils namely Chalakkudy, Chavakkad,

Kunnamkulam, Irinjalakkuda, Guruvayur and

Kodungallur and one Municipal Corporation (Thrissur

Municipal Corporation). The name of the blocks, block

head quarters and block wise distribution of the popu-

lation is given in Table 1.2. The spatial distribution of

the development blocks are shown in Fig 1.3.

Fig 1.2 Taluks – Thrissur District

Table 1.1: Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters

Name of Taluk Taluk Head Quarters No of Villages

Talappilly Wadakkanchery 70

Chavakkad Chavakkad 19

Thrissur Thrissur 49

Kodungallur Kodungallur 14

Mukundapuram Irinjalakkuda 52

The 17 development blocks are divided in to

92 Grama Panchayats, the list of which is given in

2

Annexe 1. The spatial distribution of which is shown in

Fig 1.4.

Page 3: Dsp thrissur ch1

District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Thrissur Muncipal Corporation Collectorate, Thrissur

Fig 1.3: Block Panchayats of Thrissur District

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Fig 1.4: Grama Panchayats and Municipalities of the District

Table 1.2: Block Panchayats and their Head Quarters

Sl.No Name of BlockPanchayat

Population2001

Block HeadQuarters

Name of the GramaPanchayat where

Block Panchayat HQsituated

1 Chowwannur 136592 Kanipayur Chowannur2 Wadakkanchery 227026 Wadakkanchery Wadakkanchery3 Pazhayannur 171636 Pazhayannur Pazhayannur4 Chavakkad 125364 Chavakkad Chavakkad

Municipal Council5 Thalikulam 131384 Thalikulam Thalikulam6 Mullassery 58269 Mullassery Mullassery7 Puzhakkal 128438 Puranattukkara Puzhakkal8 Ollukkara 120959 Ollukkara Pananchery9 Anthicad 109205 Kizhakkumuri Anthicad10 Cherpu 45937 Palakkal Avinissery11 Mathilakam 145959 Mathilakam Mathilakam12 Kodungalloor 39384 Eriyad Eriyad13 Mala 144525 Kuruvilassery Mala14 Irinjalakuda 124743 Madayikonam Porathissery15 Kodakara 181996 Puthukad Puthukad16 Vellangallur 114151 Vellangallur Vellangallur17 Chalakkudy 129231 Chalakkudy Chalakkudy

Municipal Council

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

1.4 TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES

Thrissur District can be divided into five well de-

fined Topography regions. The lowest elevation below

MSL (mean sea level) is in the Kole lands towards the

west and the highest elevation of 1430 m are at

Karimalagopuram lying on the boundary between

Palakkad District and Mukundapuram Taluk. Fig 1.5

shows Topographical divisions of the District.

Fig 1.5: Topographic division of the District

TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF THE DISTRICT

(I) LOW LANDS (LL)

The low land region has an elevation of 20m

above MSL. The low land region of the District run par-

allel to the Arabian Sea in the north - south direction in

a narrow strip. This area constitutes marine sediment

modified considerably by intensive cultivation. The

sandwitched between the sea coast and the midland

lays the basin representing the “Kole Lands” .This bot-

tom land which lies below the sea level is submerged

under water for a major part of the year. Paddy is ex-

tensively grown in these lands. The units encountered

in this topographical division are given below.

(II) MIDLANDS (ML)

The elevation ranges from 20m to 100m. The

midlands adjoining the high hills stretches in the north

south direction towards the west of mid up lands. This

constitutes the undulating to rolling lands with inter-

mittent flat topped low laterite hillocks broken by broad

and narrow valley. Buff coloured hard laterite exten-

sively used as building material is amply located in the

flat topped hillocks. The units encountered in the to-

pographic division are below.

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

(III) MID UP LANDS (MUL)

The elevation 100 to 300m rolling to hilly terrain

with steep side slopes, isolated rocky patches and in-

termittent narrow valleys. Slope ranges from 10 - 40%.

(IV) UP LANDS (UL)

The elevation is 300 to 600m. Hilly terrain with

high hills and very steep side slopes. Land slope ranges

from 25- 50%.

(V) HIGH LANDS (HL)

The elevation is above 600m for high land. Hill

ranges of the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) with escarp-

ments, summits and rocky cliffs. Areas above 100 m el-

evation are mostly under forest and hence put under

high lands. The high Land running on the east and south

eastern parts covering portions of Mukundapuram and

Thrissur Taluks, constitute a chain of hills as the Machad

Hills, the Paravattani Hills, The Palappilly Hill, the

Kodassery Hills, the Athirappilly Hill etc.

1.4.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES

Physical features of the District namely Natural

Sub-Divisions, Climate, Mountains, Rivers & Lakes and

Backwaters etc. of the District is described here under;

A) NATURAL SUB-DIVISIONS:

Thrissur district falls in the Central Kerala Coast.

Physiographically, the district has five divisions includ-

ing Low Lands, Mid Lands, Mid Up Lands, Up Lands, High

Lands. The highland goes to heights of over 1220 meters

above the mean sea level. The highland goes to North

east part of the district. The low land gently slopes up

to the Backwaters. The sea board lies as a narrow stretch

bordering the sea. Besides, other natural assets in the

region are backwaters locally known as ‘Kayals’ lie par-

allel to the sea coast interconnected by canals, moun-

tains, reserve forest and four rivers (Bharathpuzha,

Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakkudy river).

B) CLIMATE :

The district has a tropical humid climate with an

oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rain-

fall. The hot season from March to May is followed by

South West Monsoon from June to September. Octo-

ber and November form the post monsoon or retreat-

ing monsoon season. The rains stop by the end of De-

cember and the rest of the period is generally hot. On

an average there are 124 rainy days in a year.

The average daily maximum temperature in

March & April is about 310 C (830 F) in the coastal re-

gions and 360 C (970 F) in the interior.

The air is highly humid throughout the year, the

relative humidity being generally over 70%. Winds are

generally light to moderate and they strengthen in the

monsoon season.

C) MOUNTAINS :

The Western Ghats which separate the district

from Tamil Nadu consist of several ridges and conical

peaks. The Machad Hills in Talappilly taluk, the

Paravattani Hills in Thrissur taluk and Palappilly,

Kodassery and Athirappally Hills in Mukundapuram

taluk are worth mentioning. There are about 30 peaks

in the district with height ranging between 330 metres

and 1439 metres. The highest peak Karimalapopuram

(1439metres) lies at the boundary of Palakkad district

Poomala Hills

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

and Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur district.

D) RIVERS:

The main rivers of the District are Bharathapuzha,

Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakudy river.

The Bharathapuzha (209km) originates from

Anaimalai Hills. The 5 tributaries of this river are

Gayathripuzha, Kannadipuzha, Kalpathipuzha,

Cheerankuzhy (Gayathririver) and Thuthupuzha. It flows

as northern boundary of Thrissur for about 40km.

The Kechery River otherwise known as

Wadakkanchery river originates from the Machad hills

flowing westwards and joins the backwaters of

Chettuvai. It has a length of 51 km and Vazhani dam is

constructed on this river basin.

The Manali River and Karumali River combines

Peechi Dam

near Arattupuzha and assumes the name Karuvannur

River. This river has a length of 65 km. Peechi Dam con-

structed across Manali River and Chimmoni Dam across

Karumali River help to control floods and to irrigate land.

The water bodies of Thrissur District is shown in Figure

1.6.

The longest river of this district is Chalakkudy

River. It has 4 main tributaries. It joins the Periyar River

about 10 kms east of Kodungallur. The hydro electric

projects at Peringalkuthu and Sholayar are the two main

projects of the river. This river has drainage area of about

1704 sq.km.

E) LAKES & BACKWATERS :

The backwaters locally known as Kayals lie paral-

lel to the sea coast interconnected by canal. Forming

part of a continuous waterway from Vadakkara to

Thiruvananthapuram, the inland navigation systems of

the District provides facilities for all types of country

boats throughout the year. The water of these backwa-

ters is saltish for most part of the year except during

rainy season. There are four fresh water lakes in the

District namely Kattakampal in Talappilly taluk, Muriyad

in Mukundapuram Taluk, Enamakal and Manakkody in

Thrissur Taluk. The chain of lagoons and backwaters on

the western part running parallel to the Arabian Sea

are navigable through out the year.Bharathapuza

Chalakkudy River

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Puthenthodu in Thrissur Taluk, Sangumugham

canal in Mukundapuram Taluk, and Canoli canal in

Chavakkad Taluk form the important inland waterways

in the District.

Athirappally is famous for a beautiful 80 feet high

waterfall at the entrance to the Sholayar ranges. This

waterfall joins the Chalakudy River. Vazhachal water-

fall lies east of Chalakudy, near the entrance to the

Sholayar forest ranges. Athirappally and Vazhachal are

the most famous waterfalls of Kerala which attract

plenty of tourists.Athirappally water falls

Chimmoni Dam

1.4.2 LAND UTILIZATION

The land utilization pattern exhibits the charac-

teristics of the district in terms of its growth, develop-

ment and activity pattern. It also indicates indirectly

the amount of land available for future development.

The land utilization pattern of Thrissur district is broadly

classified under the categories listed in Table 1.3.

Fig 1.6. Water bodies of Thrissur District

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

Table 1.3 Thrissur District: Land Utilization Pattern by Category, 2003-05(Area in Ha)

Geographical area (in ha) 299390 100 299390 100

Net sown area(in ha) 141685 47.32 136847 45.71

Fallow land(in ha) 5224 1.74 4911 1.64

Current fallow(in ha) 9159 3.05 9658 3.23

Cultivable waste(in ha) 3038 1.01 2937 1.0

Forest(in ha) 103619 34.61 103619 34.61

Uncultivable Land 40464 13.52 40464 13.52

2003-04 2004-05

Land Utilization category Area % Area %

Source: Agricultural Statistics 04-05.

1.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS

In the case of socio-economic aspects the follow-

ing parameters are analyzed.

Literacy rate (1991 and 2001);

Share of Work force (1991 and 2001);

Gross state Domestic Product (2008-09);

Net State Domestic Product (2003-04); and

Per capita Income (2008-09)

a) Literacy Rate:

As per 2001 census, Kerala is the most literate

state in India having literacy rate of 90.86%. Inter-dis-

trict comparison within Kerala reveals that the highest

literacy is recorded in Kottayam district (95.9%) and the

lowest is in Palakkad district (84.3%). Thrissur District

had the 8th rank in 1991 census. In 2001 the literacy rate

of Thrissur is 92.27%, which is above state average. The

rural and urban literacy rate of Thrissur are 91.50% &

94.23% respectively. The district has got 6th rank for lit-

eracy rate in 2001 census. The share of male literates is

48.86% while female is 51.14%. Literacy rate in various

District, 2001 census is given in table 1.4

No Name of the District Literacy rate in %

1 Kasaragod 84.57

2 Kannur 92.59

3 Wayanad 85.25

4 Kozhikode 92.24

5 Malappuram 89.61

6 Palakkad 84.35

7 Thrissur 92.27

8 Ernakulam 93.20

9 Idukki 88.69

10 Kottayam 95.82

Table 1.4 Literacy Rate in various districts, 2001

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

11 Alappuzha 93.43

12 Pathanamthitta 94.84

13 Kollam 91.18

14 Thiruvananthapuram 89.28

Source : 2001 Census

b) Share of Workers:

The work participation ratio (WPR) in Kerala has

increased from 31.43% to 32.30% from 1991 to 2001 cen-

sus. In 2001 Census, Thrissur district holds 9th rank with

32.12 % of WPR, which is below the state average. The

WPR of main, marginal and other-workers of Thrissur

district and the State is given in table 1.5.

Table 1.5 WPR of workers - comparison with state

Catagory of worker Thrissur Kerala

Main workers 27.20% 25.87%

Marginal workers 4.92% 6.43%

Other workers 67.88% 67.70%

Source : 2001 Census

c) Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP):

During 2008-09 the contribution from primary,

secondary and tertiary sectors to the GSDP of state at

constant prices (1999-2000) was 12.42%, 25.02% and

62.56% respectively. While analyzing the sectoral dis-

tribution of state income it is seen that the contribu-

tion from primary sector is decreasing and tertiary sec-

tor is increasing. But secondary sector remains almost

stagnant.

GSDP district wise distribution as factor cost

shows that Ernakulam District continues to have high-

est income of Rs. 19940.06 crore in 2008-09. While low-

est gross domestic product was recorded in Wayanad

district (Rs. 2440.12 crore). The GSDP of Thrissur district

was Rs. 13338.06 crore, (9.87% of total GSDP of State) in

2008-09 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The details are

given in Table 1.6.Table 1.6: GSDP in various districts, 2008-09

NO NAME OF DISTRICT GSDP IN CRORE STATE PERCENTAGE

1 Thiruvananthapuram 14941.69 11.05%

2 Kollam 9974.42 7.38%

3 Pathanamthitta 5321.41 3.94%

4 Alappuzha 8755.38 6.48%

5 Kottayam 9495.00 7.02%

6 Idukki 4354.11 3.22%

7 Ernakulam 19940.06 14.75%

8 Thrissur 13338.06 9.87%

9 Palakkad 10209.08 7.55%

10 Malappuram 10303.48 7.62%

11 Kozhikode 11938.27 8.83%

12 Wayanad 2440.12 1.8%

13 Kannur 9743.37 7.21%

14 Kasargode 4448.04 3.29%

Total 135202.49Source: Department of Economics & Statistics

10

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

District wise and sector-wise analysis of GSDP shows

that the highest contribution from primary sector in-

come of Rs. 1602.09 crore at constant (1999-2000) prices

was in Kottayam district during 2008-09. The contribu-

tion of Thrissur district from primary sector was 1169.87

crore and it was ranked 8th place in the state. During

2008-09 the lowest primary sector income was in

Wayanad District (Rs. 589.19 crore).

The highest income from secondary sector during

2008-09 was in Ernakulam district (Rs.7599.91 crore). The

contribution of Thrissur district from secondary sector

No Name of District NSDP in crore State Percentage1 Thiruvananthapuram 8829.88 11.19%2 Kollam 6358.60 8.06%3 Pathanamthitta 3079.76 3.9%4 Alappuzha 5345.92 6.77%5 Kottayam 5464.63 6.92%6 Idukki 3229.55 4.09%7 Ernakulam 9957.15 12.61%8 Thrissur 7932.79 10.05%9 Palakkad 5559.50 7.04%10 Malappuram 5924.31 7.51%11 Kozhikode 7318.83 9.27%12 Wayanad 1618.42 2.05%13 Kannur 5591.80 7.08%14 Kasargode 2722.19 3.45%

Total 78933.33

Source: Statistics for Planning

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Cro

re TERITARYSECONDARYPRIMARY

was 3443.72 crore and it was ranked 3rd place in the state.

Lowest secondary sector income was in Wayanad dis-

trict (Rs.350.36 crore). Regarding tertiary sector the high-

est income during 2008-09 was in Ernakulam district

(Rs.10752.26 crore). The contribution of Thrissur district

from tertiary sector was 8724.47 crore and it was ranked

3rd place in the state. Lowest tertiary sector income was

in Wayanad district (Rs.500.57 crore). The district wise

details of sectoral income and growth rate are presented

in Annexe 2 and the same is shown in fig 1.7. Hence the

analysis of the Gross State Domestic Product shows that

Thrissur is third highest contributor of Secondary and

Territory sector GSDP of the State.

Fig 1.7.District -wise Sectoral Distribution of GSDP at current prices - 2007-08

Table 1.7 NSDP in various districts - 2003-04

11

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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

c) Net State Domestic Product (NSDP):

NSDP district wise distribution as factor cost

shows that the Ernakulam district continues to have

highest income at Rs. 9957.15 crore in 2003-04, while

lowest net domestic product was recorded in Wayanad

district (Rs. 1618.42 crore). The NSDP of Thrissur dis-

trict was Rs.7932.79 crore, (10.05 % of total NSDP of

State) in 2003-04 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The dis-

trict wise NSDP is given in Table. 1.7.

d) Per Capita Income (PCI):

The analysis of district wise per capita income

shows that Ernakulam district stands first with the per

capita income of Rs.59970 at constant (1999-2000) prices

in 2008-09 as against Rs.56060 in 2007-08. The per capita

income of Thrissur District has increased from Rs. 39658

in 2007-08 to Rs. 42316 in 2008-09 with growth rate of

6.7% and it is ranked 4th place in the state. The lowest

per capita income was recorded in Malappuram district

(Rs.25291) in 2008-09 at constant prices.

The highest rate of growth of per capita income

of 6.97% was recorded in Ernakulam District in 2008-09

followed by Trissur (6.70%). The growth rate of per capita

income of the district is higher than the state (6.15%).

The lowest growth rate was recorded in Wayanad Dis-

trict (4.47%). The district wise per capita income with

growth rate is given in Table 1.8.

Table 1.8: PCI in various districts, 2008-09

No District PCI (in Rs) Rank G.R(%)

1 Thiruvananthapuram 43247 3 6.26

2 Kollam 36698 10 6.09

3 Pathanamthitta 42166 5 6.49

4 Alappuzha 40089 6 6.60

5 Kottayam 46362 2 6.04

6 Idukki 37374 9 5.14

7 Ernakulam 59970 1 6.97

8 Thrissur 42316 4 6.70

9 Palakkad 36487 11 5.63

10 Malappuram 25291 14 5.09

11 Kozhikode 38798 7 6.33

12 Wayanad 28047 13 4.47

13 Kannur 38634 8 6.37

14 Kasargode 34006 12 5.25

Total 39815 6.15

Source: Department of Economics & Statistics

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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala

1.6 INFERENCE

Thrissur District has 17 development blocks, six

Municipal Council and one Municipal Corporation.

Thrissur district can be divided into 5 well defined physi-

ographic regions namely (i) Low lands (ii) Mid Lands

(iii) Mid Up Lands (iv) Up Lands (v)High Lands. The dis-

trict has about 33.34% of its geographical area as forest

mainly seen in the eastern part of the district. The Dis-

trict is blessed with mountains and rivers. The literacy

rate of the district is 92.27% and work participation rate

is 32.12%.

The district contribute 9.87% of the total GSDP of

the state and is ranked 3rd in the state. The sectoral

contribution of the district into the state GSDP shows

that the district is the 3rd highest contributer in sec-

ondary and tertiary sector.

13

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