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Drum Teachings For Success: Toward Decolonizing Behavioral Health Services Utilizing Original Teachings

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Page 1: Drum Teachings For Success Teachings for...be not working. We need something different. The Drum Teachings for Success program incorporates original teachings into the services that

Drum Teachings For

Success: Toward Decolonizing Behavioral

Health Services Utilizing

Original Teachings

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Introductions

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Steve Luzar, MA, LP

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Michael Norcross

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Liz Zinsli

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This presentation will be

posted on the Indian

Health Board’s Facebook

page.

Please visit:

www.facebook.com/indianhealt

hboard

for a copy of the

presentation and like our

page. 7

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Learning Objectives:

(1) Identify the teachings and

processes used throughout the

program that illustrate

decolonizing practices and

effects.

(2) Discuss the need for

original teachings to be

incorporated into programming

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Learning Objectives

(con’t):(3) Describe the benefits (and

challenges) of incorporating

original teachings into western

behavioral health programming.

(4) Demonstrate the positive

effects of Native drumming &

singing to enhance everyday

well-being by engaging workshop

participants in a multi-sensory

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Indian Health Board of Minneapolis

Services offered at IHB:

∙ Medical Clinic

∙ Dental Clinic

∙ Counseling & Support

Clinic

∙ Transportation

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Counseling & Support

Clinic:Services Offered by IHB’s

Counseling & Support Clinic:

∙ Counseling Services

∙ Assessment and Evaluations

∙ Group Counseling

∙ Traditional Programs13

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Goals:

To show how drumming and singing

can help us on a physical,

mental, emotional and spiritual

level heal through cultural

practices, language use &

revitalization and re-

indigenizing current program

practices to combat and prevent

drug / alcohol abuse, suicide

and promote general health and

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The NEED:

The great NEED for this type of

program:

Drug / alcohol Abuse (Esp.

opiates & Methamphetamine)

epidemic.

Suicide epidemic.

Disconnection from culture.

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Understanding tribal

communities and the

existing social issues is

critical in understanding

the unique needs of Tribal

people in terms of their

well-being. 18

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2006 Drug Use / Abuse

Data:YOUTH

American Indian / Alaska Native ----

18.7%

Other Youth ---------------------------

----- 9.8%

ADULTS

American Indian / Alaska Native ----

28.5%

Whites --------------------------------

------- 22.7%

Blacks --------------------------------

------- 17.3%

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Suicide:

• Every six and a half days an

American Indian child or teen

commits suicide (National

Children’s Defense funds, 2011).

• Highest rate of suicide in 15 to 24

age group (CDC, 2004).

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Suicide (con’t):

Among racial / ethnic

populations, the greatest

increases were observed among

American Indian / Alaska Natives

(AI / ANs) (65.2%, from 11.2

(1999) to 18.5 (2010))

Compared to:

Whites (40.4%, from 15.9 to

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Suicide Epidemic:

What makes this statistic

EPIDEMIC is that the White

(European American) population

in the United States is 72.4 %,

while the Native American /

American Indian population in

the United States is 0.9 %. 22

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High Rates of M.H.

concerns:According to Maria Yellow Horse

Brave Heart in 2005, historical

trauma is linked to the high rates

of alcoholism, suicidal behavior,

violence, depression, health

problems, and attachment & bonding

issues, within family systems.

Chronic stressful environments

consist of historical and current

high rates of poverty, violence,

crime, death, despair, hopelessness,

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Stressful Environments:

Dr. Spero Manson (PhD) from Colorado

University School of Public Health states that

“the environments in which most Indian

people live is more stressful than any other

environment in the US.” (2000).

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To complicate

matters further:

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Multiple Addictions:

Alcohol Drugs

Gambling Nicotine

Caffeine Foods

Relationships Sex

Computer

• Video Games

• Internet

Others?

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Multiple Diseases:

Diabetes HTN

DM Complications STD’s

Heart Cancers

FASD Dental

Tuberculosis

Others?

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Multiple Mental Health

Issues:Trauma Depression

Abuses PTSD from:

Neglect Boarding School

Grief / Loss Military

Anxiety Sexual Violence

Anger Physical Violence

Others?

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Ethnic Issues:

Ethnic Identity

Ethnic Self-Esteem

Racial Discrimination

Inter- / Intra-Tribal Conflicts

Others?

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ADDICTIONS DISEASES

MENTAL HEALTH

♦ Alcohol ♦ Caffeine

♦ Drugs ♦ Sex

♦ Gambling ♦ Foods

♦ Nicotine ♦ Computer

♦ Relationships ♦ Other

Multiple Addictions, Diseases, Mental Health and

Cultural Issues

♦ Diabetes ♦ HTN

♦ DM ♦ STD’s

♦ Heart

Complications

♦ FASD ♦ Dental

♦ Cancers

♦ Other

♦ Ethnic Identity

♦ Ethnic Self-

Esteem

♦ Racial

Discrimination

♦ Inter- / Intra-

Tribal Conflicts

♦ Other

CULTURAL ISSUES

♦ Trauma ♦ Depression

• Abuses ♦ PTSD

• Neglect • Boarding

School

♦ Grief / Loss • Military

♦ Anxiety • Sexual

♦ Anger / Violence • Other

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We haven’t even considered the

effects of…

• Accidents

• Crime

• Poverty & homelessness

• Greater prevalence & severity of

issues

• Much less access to treatment31

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Current strategies to address these

issues in Indian Country appear to

be not working.

We need something different.

The Drum Teachings for Success

program incorporates original

teachings into the services that we

deliver because western therapeutic

practices appear not be not working

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DRUM TEACHINGS FOR

SUCCESS

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Drum Teachings for

Success:• Relatively new hand drum making /

drumming & singing program for

Native American boys and girls to

the age of 24 years old.

• Currently in its fourth (4th) round

of programs and will be offered

every quarter (every three months)

for the foreseeable future.

• The program is always held at IHB

on Tuesday after school &

evenings.

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Drum Teachings for

Success:• This program has also been held

at other locations, including

schools, youth programs and

anywhere else where there is a

Native community.

• Is completely free to the

participants.

• Program participants don’t need

any experience, but must have an

interest in making & learning

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Drum Teachings for

Success:• The drum / singing groups are

8 – 10 consecutive 1 to 1 ½

hour sessions.

• At the end of each round of

programming, there is a feast

to celebrate the participants

and their drumming & singing.

• The participants get up and

drum / sing at the feasts.

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Other Culture-Based

Interventions:Utilized with the Drum Teachings for

Success program:

• Story telling

• Talking circle

• Smudging

• Traditional Elders

• Herbal remedies

• Traditional activities 38

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The importance of the

Drum:• Teaching & Caretaking of the Drum

• Language Incorporation into the

songs and its importance

• Identity / Cultural Preservation

• Combatting Assimilation Policies

• Acquiring a Higher Power /

Spirituality / Enlightenment

• Healing past and current traumas by

turning to the drum40

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The Importance of the

Songs:

• Different songs for

different Purposes Who /

What / Where / When / Why

• The different types of

Songs.

• The Body of a song (the

Lead, a Push-up and the

Tail)41

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Video:

• Michael / Liz:

• George

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Benefits of Drumming:

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Physical Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming reduces blood

pressure, stress and boosts

your immune system making for

a longer, healthier life.

• Drumming induces deep

relaxation. In one study,

blood samples from

participants who participated

in an hour long drumming

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Physical Benefits of

Drumming:• Studies with elementary and

middle school aged boys

diagnosed with ADHD showed

that a course of 20 minute

treatment sessions with

rhythmic beats yielded results

much similar to the effects of

medications. This can be a

non-invasive treatment method

with no side effects and the

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Physical Benefits of

Drumming:• Also, the fast beats increase

the boys concentration and they

consistently performed better on

IQ tests and were better sending

behavioral and social skills –

similar to a medication regimen.

• These studies were continued

over several months with the

children making lasting gains on

IQ tests and notable reduction

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Physical Benefits of

Drumming:• Long term drum therapy has the

potential to rebuild

neurological damage.

• Drumming can help reconnect

disrupted neural connections,

help repair lesions and help

to heal the damaged brain.

• With the potential of

drastically improving the

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Physical Benefits of

Drumming:• Listening to drum music has the

potential to produce intense

emotional states that can

produce measurable changes in

brain chemistry like dopamine

in the striatal system of the

brain.

• Drumming can produce a greater

tolerance of pain – which 55

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Mental Benefits of

Drumming:• Practitioners of meditation

release alpha waves when they

achieve a deep meditative

state. Drumming can produce

the same alpha waves after a

period of time producing a

deeper self-awareness and

promoting more insight and

creativity. 57

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Mental Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming grounds us in the

present moment. It’s about

timing and coordination, both

of which force participants to

be in the present moment.

• Learning newer songs and beats

exercises your ability to

learn new things in other

areas of your life. 58

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Emotional Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming releases endorphins &

enkephalins in the human brain

that cause feelings of happiness,

euphoria and feelings of well-

being. Drumming may be a good

way to help treat depression.

• Drumming can help people express

and address emotional issues.

The physical stimulation of

drumming can also removes

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Emotional Benefits of

Drumming:• Group drumming creates a sense

of community and a powerful

shared experience. It has been

used as a successful team

building experience to teach

groups to work together, to

listen to each other, and to

achieve common goals. Group

drumming discourages isolation,

and self-centeredness and

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Emotional Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming can increase the

levels of Oxytocin (a hormone

involved with empathy, trust

and relationship building)

which leads to the idea that

this behavior is

evolutionarily adaptive

because it promotes group

cohesion among members of a

group and synchronizes group

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Emotional Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming helps to releases

negative feelings and emotional

trauma. Drum therapy has

successfully been used with

patients and others suffering

from emotional traumas including

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

• You can release pain and trauma

by putting your feelings into a

song, this will help the healing

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Spiritual Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming helps us connect to

the natural rhythms all around

us. Rhythm is all around us

though we are often unaware of

it. The sun, moon, and the

seasons follow regular

rhythms. Our bodies have

natural rhythms and rule us,

even on a cellular level.

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Spiritual Benefits of

Drumming:• Recent scientific ‘string’ theories

even suggest that on a subatomic

level, the smallest particle of the

universe, that which makes up all

things, is nothing more than tiny

vibrating ‘strings’ and that their

vibration, or rhythm, is what makes

things what they are. Under this

theory, everything is rhythm

literally. Drumming connects us to

rhythm, puts us in touch with

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Spiritual Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming provides a path by

which we may access a higher

power. Drumming produces a sense

of spirituality, connectedness

and community, integrating body,

mind and spirit. By allowing

participants to achieve a more

relaxed, meditative mental

state, drumming allows people to

enter states of higher

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Spiritual Benefits of

Drumming:

• Drumming can coordinate the

brain’s two hemispheres and

synchronize the lower (non-

verbal) and frontal (language

& reasoning) areas of the

brain, which can lead to

feelings of greater

understanding and insight,

which is often the basis for a

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Spiritual Benefits of Drumming:

• Also, this synchronization of

the lower part and the

frontal cortex can help

children affected by trauma.

Children affected by trauma

operate out of the lower part

of the brain and drumming can

stimulate the frontal cortex

to help them move away from

the fight / flight / freeze

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Spiritual Benefits of

Drumming:• To get yourself right and

healthy you can align your

chakras and meditate while

drumming and do breathing

exercises and anything of that

nature to help you focus

before sending prayers to the

creator.70

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Other Benefits of

Drumming:• Drumming is just a great reason to

gather with other people, to share

in a common experience, and to do

something enjoyable.

• Drumming is a universal language.

It transcends gender, race, age,

and nationality.

• Nearly every culture on earth has

some form of drumming tradition.

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Why is any of this

important?We believe that the Drumming and

singing we do through this program

is treatment for combatting and

preventing drug / alcohol abuse and

suicidality, as well as, increase

one’s connection to culture through

cultural practices, language use &

revitalization and re-indigenizing

of current program practices and

can help us on a physical, mental,

emotional and spiritual level to

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Why is any of this

important?• We have been collecting Pre-

and Post- Program Information

on participants:

–overall sense of well-being,

–suicidality, and

–Connection to their culture.

• The results look promising. 74

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Results:

• The present-self & future-self

sub-scales (the perceived

positive qualities of self and

actions taken to secure a

positive future) INCREASED for

both males (0.1% to 0.2%) and

females (3.1% to 11.6%) and was

statistically significant

(p=0.03).

• The cultural connectedness sub-

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Results (con’t):

• Utilizing the Strengths &

Difficulties Questionnaire

(SDQ), females had a

SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT in

their ‘Total Difficulty” and

their sense of immediate

mental & emotional health. 76

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Overall Findings:

• The Drum Teachings for

Success program has a

stronger positive impact on

females compared to males.

• Males also increased, but not

as much.77

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Focus Groups:

• Group members strongly felt that

there was a sense of community from

attending the drum groups and was a

welcoming supportive environment to

foster “Unity in the Community.”

Participants felt that they were

coming together for a healthy &

positive reason.

• All participants that responded to

the question said that it had a

positive effect on their mental 79

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Focus Groups (con’t):

• The groups helped participants to

remember to practice their traditions,

use tobacco, use language, and helped

to keep healthy focus in life (for

example: not to use drugs because they

are now caring for a drum).

• The program helps to incorporate

culture & traditions in a real way and

helps encourage the individual to

participate in cultural activities, go

to elders and family to get more 80

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Final comments:As of today:

• We are currently in the middle of

the fourth (4th) series of weekly

programs and we have six (6) groups

currently going.

• We have made over two hundred and

seventy (270) hand drums.

• Over eighteen hundred (1,800) people

(total encounters) have participated

with the program and include: not

only the participants, mothers /

fathers, siblings, grand-parents,

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Final comments:

Future Plans:

• Expanding program at different sites

within the Mpls / St. Paul Native

Community.

• Always keeping some groups at IHB.

• Serving more young people through drum

making / drumming & singing.

• There are plans for a Festival this

fall. Where we will gather all of the

participants from the past year to

come and participate in a walk, drum &

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[ SONG ]

Thank You Song:

Michael & Liz:

Explain the Type of Song.

Explain the song’s words and

meaning. 84

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Tunkaṡina Wophida Ye‛do

Aŋpetu Kiŋde‛ Wakḥaŋ Ye‛do

Mitakuye‛ Ob Mazani Kte‛do

Wophida Ye‛do

Toonk-Ah-Shee-Nah Woh-Pee-Dah-Yay-Doh

Om-Pay-Too Keen-Day Wah-Kah-Yay-Doh

Mee-Tah-Coo-Yay Oh Mah-Zah-Neek-Tay-Doh

Woh-Pee-Dah-Yay-Doh

Grandfather I am Thankful

This Day is Sacred

With My Relatives I am living

I am Thankful

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Why do all this?

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Friend do it this way - that is, whatever you do in life,

do the very best you can with both your heart and mind.

And if you do it that way, the Power Of The Universe will

come to your assistance, if your heart and mind are in Unity.

When one sits in the Hoop Of The People, one must be responsible

Because all Of Creation is related. And the hurt of one is the hurt

of all. And the honor of one is the honor of all. And whatever we

do affects everything in the universe. If you do it that way - that is,

if you truly join your heart and mind as One - whatever you ask for,

that's the Way It's Going To Be.

- Passed down from White Buffalo Calf Woman

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Please Remember:IHB will be presenting a shorter version

of this presentation, as well as,

providing a more interactive drumming

experience at a lunch session sometime

during the conference.

Please come and share this wonderful

experience with us.

IHB Drum Teaching for Success Program

Staff 87

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MI-GWITCH!

PIDAMAYADO!

THANK YOU!

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For more information:

Indian Health Board of Minneapolis, Inc.

Counseling & Support Clinic

1315 E. 24th Street

Minneapolis, MN 55404

Stephen Luzar

Direct: 612-721-9868

Fax: 612-721-9805

Website: indianhealthboard.com

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QUESTIONS?

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