drugs for right & left sided heart failure n cardiac glycosides n angiotensin-converting enzyme...
TRANSCRIPT
Drugs For Right & Left Sided Heart Failure
Drugs For Right & Left Sided Heart Failure
Cardiac GlycosidesCardiac Glycosides Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) DiureticsDiuretics
Cardiac GlycosidesCardiac Glycosides
Digitoxin (Crystodigin)Digitoxin (Crystodigin) Digoxin (Lanoxin)Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Cardiac Glycosides : Mechanism Of Action
Cardiac Glycosides : Mechanism Of Action
Inhibits Na+-K+ ATPase And Inhibits Na+-K+ ATPase And Impairs The Active Transport Of Impairs The Active Transport Of Sodium & Potassium - Intracellular Sodium & Potassium - Intracellular Sodium Concentrations RiseSodium Concentrations Rise
High Intracellular Na+ Deranges High Intracellular Na+ Deranges The Na+-Ca2+ Pump Which The Na+-Ca2+ Pump Which Allows Intracellular Ca2+ Allows Intracellular Ca2+ Concentrations To RiseConcentrations To Rise
Calcium Channels May Open Up Calcium Channels May Open Up And Allow Extracellular Calcium And Allow Extracellular Calcium To Flow Into The CellTo Flow Into The Cell
The Heart Will Beat More Forcibly The Heart Will Beat More Forcibly And With Greater VelocityAnd With Greater Velocity
Glycosides Enhance Vagal Tone Glycosides Enhance Vagal Tone Over The HeartOver The HeartSlows The Heart RateSlows The Heart RateSlows The AV Node Conduction Slows The AV Node Conduction
Velocity & Increases The AV Velocity & Increases The AV Nodal Refractory PeriodNodal Refractory Period
Glycosides Net Effect On The Heart
Glycosides Net Effect On The Heart
Heart Rate Is SlowedHeart Rate Is Slowed Cardiac Contraction Is GreaterCardiac Contraction Is Greater Ejection Fraction Is ImprovedEjection Fraction Is Improved Increased Ejection VelocityIncreased Ejection Velocity The Heart Is A Better PumpThe Heart Is A Better Pump
Adverse Side Effects Of The Cardiac GlycosidesAdverse Side Effects Of The Cardiac Glycosides
FatigueFatigue DeliriumDelirium AnorexiaAnorexia HeadachesHeadaches
HallucinationsHallucinations Visual DisturbancesVisual Disturbances Atrioventricular BlocksAtrioventricular Blocks
EKG Changes Associated With The Cardiac Glycosides
EKG Changes Associated With The Cardiac Glycosides
Prolonged P-R IntervalProlonged P-R Interval Inversion Of T-WaveInversion Of T-Wave S-T Segment DepressionS-T Segment Depression
Glycosides - Medical UsesGlycosides - Medical Uses
Atrial FlutterAtrial Flutter Atrial FibrillationAtrial Fibrillation Paroxysmal TachycardiaParoxysmal Tachycardia Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril (Capoten)Captopril (Capoten) Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec)Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec) Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) Benazepril (Lotensin)Benazepril (Lotensin) Fosinopril (Monopril)Fosinopril (Monopril)
Moexipril (Univasc)Moexipril (Univasc) Quinapril (Accupril)Quinapril (Accupril) Ramipril (Altace)Ramipril (Altace) Trandolapril (Mavik)Trandolapril (Mavik)
CHF - How Does It Occur ?CHF - How Does It Occur ?
The Heart As A Pump Is WeakenedThe Heart As A Pump Is WeakenedMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial InfarctionIschemic Heart DiseaseIschemic Heart DiseaseValve Dysfunction & DiseaseValve Dysfunction & DiseaseHypertension --> To HypertrophyHypertension --> To HypertrophyIdiopathic CardiomyopathyIdiopathic Cardiomyopathy
The Failing Heart Causes :The Failing Heart Causes :Low Blood Flow SystemicallyLow Blood Flow SystemicallyAldosterone Is ReleasedAldosterone Is ReleasedRenin Is ReleasedRenin Is Released
Increased Sodium And Water Increased Sodium And Water RetentionRetention
Increased Cardiac WorkloadIncreased Cardiac WorkloadDecreased Cardiac Pump Decreased Cardiac Pump
PerformancePerformance
ACE InhibitorsMechanism Of Action
ACE InhibitorsMechanism Of Action
Blocks Converting Enzyme From Blocks Converting Enzyme From Changing Angiotensin I to Changing Angiotensin I to Angiotensin IIAngiotensin II
Prevents A Rise In Peripheral Prevents A Rise In Peripheral Resistance (Vasoconstriction)Resistance (Vasoconstriction)
Reduces Afterload On The HeartReduces Afterload On The Heart Reduces Work Of The HeartReduces Work Of The Heart
ACE InhibitorsAdverse Side Effects
ACE InhibitorsAdverse Side Effects
GI DistressGI Distress DizzinessDizziness Skin RashesSkin Rashes HypotensionHypotension
ACE Inhibitors - Medical UsesACE Inhibitors - Medical Uses
HypertensionHypertension Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Diabetic NephropathyDiabetic Nephropathy
DiureticsDiuretics
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsHigh Ceiling Loop Diuretics Benzothiadiazide DiureticsBenzothiadiazide Diuretics Potassium Sparing DiureticsPotassium Sparing Diuretics Mannitol - Osmotic DiureticMannitol - Osmotic Diuretic
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsHigh Ceiling Loop Diuretics
Furosemide (Lasix)Furosemide (Lasix) Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin)Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin) Bumetanide (Bumex)Bumetanide (Bumex) Torsemide (Demadex)Torsemide (Demadex)
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsMechanism Of Action
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsMechanism Of Action
Loop Diuretics Exert Their Loop Diuretics Exert Their Effect At The Proximal Tubule Effect At The Proximal Tubule And Ascending LoopAnd Ascending Loop
Blocks The Re-Absorption of Blocks The Re-Absorption of Sodium, Potassium & Chloride Sodium, Potassium & Chloride IonsIons
Loss Of These Ions In The Loss Of These Ions In The Glomerular Filtrate Is Followed Glomerular Filtrate Is Followed By Quantities Of WaterBy Quantities Of Water
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsAdverse Side Effects
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsAdverse Side Effects
Electrolyte ImbalancesElectrolyte ImbalancesHypokalemia ***Hypokalemia ***HyponatremiaHyponatremiaHypocalcemiaHypocalcemiaHypomagnesemiaHypomagnesemia
Urinary Loss Of Blood IonsUrinary Loss Of Blood IonsNatriuresisNatriuresisKaliuresisKaliuresis
Orthostatic HypotensionOrthostatic Hypotension DehydrationDehydration
Potassium Rich FoodsPotassium Rich Foods
DatesDates BananasBananas RaisinsRaisins ApricotsApricots TomatoesTomatoes
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsMedical Uses
High Ceiling Loop DiureticsMedical Uses
Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Severe PneumoniaSevere Pneumonia Prevent Acute Renal FailurePrevent Acute Renal Failure Control Of HypertensionControl Of Hypertension Control Of General EdemaControl Of General Edema Control Of Acute Pulmonary EdemaControl Of Acute Pulmonary Edema
BenzothiadiazidesBenzothiadiazides Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) Chlorothiazide (Diuril)Chlorothiazide (Diuril) Clorthalidone (Hygroton)Clorthalidone (Hygroton) Benzthiazide (Aquapres)Benzthiazide (Aquapres) Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin)Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin)
Methyclothiazide (Aquatensen)Methyclothiazide (Aquatensen) Polythiazide (Renese)Polythiazide (Renese) Indapamide (Lozol)Indapamide (Lozol) Hydroflumethiazide (Diucardin)Hydroflumethiazide (Diucardin) Metalozone (Zaroxolyn)Metalozone (Zaroxolyn) Quinethazone (Hydromax)Quinethazone (Hydromax) Trichlormethiazide (Diurese)Trichlormethiazide (Diurese)
Thiazides - Mechanism Of ActionThiazides - Mechanism Of Action
Act In The Distal TubuleAct In The Distal Tubule Inhibit Reabsorption Of Sodium Inhibit Reabsorption Of Sodium
And PotassiumAnd Potassium Stimulate The Reabsorption Of Stimulate The Reabsorption Of
CalciumCalcium Loss Of Water As UrineLoss Of Water As Urine
Thiazides : Adverse Side EffectsThiazides : Adverse Side Effects
Loss Of Blood IonsLoss Of Blood IonsHypokalemiaHypokalemiaHyponatremiaHyponatremiaHypomagnesemiaHypomagnesemiaLoss Of IodineLoss Of Iodine
Loss Of Blood Ions In The UrineLoss Of Blood Ions In The UrineKaliuresisKaliuresisNatriuresisNatriuresisChloruresisChloruresis
Thiazides : Adverse Side EffectsThiazides : Adverse Side Effects
Hyperuricemia (Gout)Hyperuricemia (Gout) Weakness & FatigueWeakness & Fatigue HypercholesterolemiaHypercholesterolemia HypertriglyceridemiaHypertriglyceridemia Hyperglycemia (Insulin Hyperglycemia (Insulin
Suppression)Suppression)
Thiazides - Medical UsesThiazides - Medical Uses
Control HypertensionControl Hypertension Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Control Edema Due To :Control Edema Due To :
Hepatic DiseaseHepatic DiseaseRenal DiseaseRenal DiseaseCorticosteroid TherapyCorticosteroid TherapyEstrogen TherapyEstrogen Therapy
Potassium Sparing DiureticsPotassium Sparing Diuretics
Spironolactone (Aldactone)Spironolactone (Aldactone) Triamterene (Dyrenium)Triamterene (Dyrenium) Amiloride (Midamor)Amiloride (Midamor)
Spironolactone - Mechanism Of Action
Spironolactone - Mechanism Of Action
Competitively Binds The Competitively Binds The Aldosterone Receptor Preventing Aldosterone Receptor Preventing The Hormone From Binding To Its The Hormone From Binding To Its ReceptorReceptor
Aldosterone's Normal Steroid-Aldosterone's Normal Steroid-Nuclear DNA Transcription Is Nuclear DNA Transcription Is HaltedHalted
SpironolactoneMechanism Of Action
SpironolactoneMechanism Of Action
Excretion Of :Excretion Of :SodiumSodiumChlorideChlorideWaterWater
Retention of Retention of PotassiumPotassium
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
DiarrheaDiarrhea DrowsinessDrowsiness LethargyLethargy
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
HyponatremiaHyponatremia HyperkalemiaHyperkalemia GynecomastiaGynecomastia Irregular MensesIrregular Menses
Spironolactone - Medical UsesSpironolactone - Medical Uses
Heart FailureHeart Failure Primary HyperaldosteronismPrimary Hyperaldosteronism Cirrhosis Of The LiverCirrhosis Of The Liver Essential HypertensionEssential Hypertension Nephrotic SyndromeNephrotic Syndrome
Spironolactone - Medical UsesSpironolactone - Medical Uses
Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Primary Aldosteronism (Conn's Disease)Disease)Aldosterone Secreting Adrenal Aldosterone Secreting Adrenal
Cortical TumorCortical Tumor
Severely Depleted Blood Severely Depleted Blood Potassium LevelsPotassium Levels
Hypertensive Due To Water Hypertensive Due To Water RetentionRetention
Muscle WeaknessMuscle Weakness
Spironolactone - Medical UsesSpironolactone - Medical Uses
HypokalemiaHypokalemia Essential HypertensionEssential Hypertension Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Cirrhosis Of The Liver & AscitesCirrhosis Of The Liver & Ascites
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
SpironolactoneAdverse Side Effects
Excessive Loss Of WaterExcessive Loss Of Water Mild Metabolic AcidosisMild Metabolic Acidosis Higher Incidence Of Breast Higher Incidence Of Breast
CancerCancer Sore Breasts And NipplesSore Breasts And Nipples
Triamterene And AmilorideMechanism Of Action
Triamterene And AmilorideMechanism Of Action
Inhibit The Reabsorption Of Sodium Inhibit The Reabsorption Of Sodium In The Distal Tubule And Collecting In The Distal Tubule And Collecting Ducts By Disrupting The Ducts By Disrupting The Aldosterone-Dependent Na+-K+ Aldosterone-Dependent Na+-K+ PumpPump
Potassium Is Spared Because Potassium Is Spared Because Sodium Is Wasted - A Reciprocal Sodium Is Wasted - A Reciprocal RelationshipRelationship
Triamterene And AmilorideAdverse Side Effects
Triamterene And AmilorideAdverse Side Effects
HyponatremiaHyponatremia HyperkalemiaHyperkalemia HypotensionHypotension
Triamterene And AmilorideMedical Uses
Triamterene And AmilorideMedical Uses
Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Cirrhosis Of The LiverCirrhosis Of The Liver HypertensionHypertension
Mannitol - A Perfect DiureticMannitol - A Perfect Diuretic
An Osmotic Diuretic Should Have An Osmotic Diuretic Should Have The Following Qualities :The Following Qualities :Freely Filterable At The Freely Filterable At The
GlomerulusGlomerulusUndergo Limited Or No Undergo Limited Or No
Reabsorption By The Renal Reabsorption By The Renal TubuleTubule
Pharmacologically InertPharmacologically InertResists Metabolic AlterationResists Metabolic Alteration
Mannitol - Mechanism Of ActionMannitol - Mechanism Of Action
Mannitol Exerts An Osmotic Mannitol Exerts An Osmotic Draw For Water, Sodium, And Draw For Water, Sodium, And PotassiumPotassium
Mannitol - Adverse Side EffectsMannitol - Adverse Side Effects
Transient Fluid OverloadTransient Fluid Overload Pulmonary EdemaPulmonary Edema TachycardiaTachycardia Mental Detachment Mental Detachment
Mannitol - Medical UsesMannitol - Medical Uses
Acute Renal FailureAcute Renal Failure Reduction Of Cranial PressureReduction Of Cranial Pressure Stimulate Diuresis In Drug Stimulate Diuresis In Drug
IntoxicationsIntoxications Reduction Of Intraocular Reduction Of Intraocular
PressurePressure
Clinical ConsiderationsClinical Considerations
The diuretics may increase blood The diuretics may increase blood glucose in diabetic patients. This glucose in diabetic patients. This causes hyperglycemia secondary to causes hyperglycemia secondary to suppression of insulin release in suppression of insulin release in Type II diabetics.Type II diabetics.
Clinical ConsiderationsClinical Considerations
Watch the patient for dehydration Watch the patient for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.and electrolyte imbalance.
Clinical ConsiderationsClinical Considerations
Ototoxicity leading to loss of Ototoxicity leading to loss of hearing, loss of balance, and hearing, loss of balance, and vertigo.vertigo.