dr. ritu singh, subharti dental college,...

Dr. Ritu Singh, Subharti Dental College, SVSU

DR. RITU SINGH

Sr. Lecturer

Dept. of Pediatric & Preventive Dentistry

ORAL HABITS


Habit

►William James-

From psychological view, Is a Pathway of discharge

formed in brain by which certain incoming currents

ever after tend to escape….

► Mathewson –

Learned pattern of muscular contraction


Habit: Definitions ► Dorland –

Fixed or constant practice established by

frequent repetition

► Buttersworth –

Frequent or constant practice or acquired

tendency, which has been fixed by frequent

repetition

► Moyer

Habits are learnt pattern of muscle contraction

of a very complex nature


Habits: Classification

► Obsessive

(Deep rooted)

Intentional OR

meaningful

Masochistic or Self-

inflicting/ injurious

habit

► Non- obsessive

(Easily learned)

Empty or Unintentional

►Abnormal pillowing, chin

propping

Functional

►Tongue thrusting

Tandon



► James (1923)/ Graber

Useful

Harmful

► Kingsley

Functional oral habit

Muscular habit

combined

► Finn (1987)

Compulsive habits

Non- compulsive habit

Primary habit

Secondary habit

► Klein (1977)

Empty

meaningful



►Morris and Bohanna (1969)

Non pressure habit

Pressure habit ►Sucking habit

Lip, Thumb sucking

►Biting habit Nail biting, Needle, Thread holding

►Posturing habit Pillow, Hand rest

►Miscellaneous Bruxism



► Normal

► Abnormal

► Retained

► Cultivated

► Physiologic

► Pathologic

► Sucking habit JDC:1996:321

O Brian (1996)

Nutritive Sucking ►Breast, Bottle feeding

Nonnutritive ►Thumb sucking

►Pacifier sucking


Trident of Habit

► Intensity

► Frequency

► Duration

►Direction (Pinkham) Habit

Intensity

Frequency Duration

Direction


Oral Habits --Introduction--

► Intensity Intensity is the amount of force that is applied to the teeth

while performing the habit (i.e. Sucking).

► Duration Duration is defined as the amount of time spent sucking a

digit.

► Frequency Frequency is the number of times the habit is practiced

throughout the day.



DURATION PLAYS THE MOST CRITICAL ROLE IN TOOTH MOVEMENT!!!



► Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that 4 to 6 hours of force per day are necessary to cause tooth movement.

► The most important thing to remember about any intervention is that the child must want to discontinue the habit for treatment to be successful.


Oral Habits --Lip Habits--

► Habits that involve manipulation of the lips and perioral structures are termed lip habits.

► Although most lip habits do not cause dental problems, lip sucking and lip biting certainly can maintain an existing malocclusion.

► The most common presentation of lip sucking is the lower lip tucked behind the maxillary incisors.

► A lingually directed force is placed on the mandibular teeth and a facial force on the maxillary teeth resulting in proclination of the maxillary incisors, a retroclination of the mandibular incisors, and an increased amount of overjet.

► The problems are most common in the mixed and permanent dentitions.

► Treatment depends on the skeletal relationship of the child and on the presence or absence of space in the arch.


Oral Habits --Nail Biting--

► Nail biting is a habit rarely seen before 3 to six years of age.

► The number of people who bite their nails is reported to increase until adolescence.

► There is no evidence that nail biting can cause malocclusion or dental change.

► There is no recommended treatment.


Oral Habits --Bruxism--

► Bruxism is a grinding or gnashing of the teeth and is usually reported to be nocturnal.

► Most children engage in some bruxism that results in moderate wear of the primary canines and molars.

► Rarely, with the exception of handicapped individuals, does the wear endanger the pulp by proceeding faster than secondary dentin is produced.


Oral Habits --Bruxism--

► Treatment should begin with simple measures, including the elimination of occlusal interferences and occlusal equilibration if necessary.

► If occlusal interferences are not located or equilibration is not successful, referral to appropriate medical personnel should be considered to rule out any systemic problems (intestinal parasites, allergies, endocrine disorders, etc.).

► If neither of these two steps is successful, a mouth guard-like appliance can be constructed to protect the teeth and try to eliminate the grinding habit.


Oral Habits --Self-Mutilation--

► Self-mutilation, repetitive acts that result in physical damage to the individual, is extremely rare in the healthy child.

► The incidence of self-mutilation in the mentally retarded population is between 10 and 20%.

► Due to the fact that it always garners attention, it has been suggested that self-mutilation is a learned behavior.

► A frequent manifestation of self-mutilation is biting of the lips, tongue, and oral mucosa.

► Besides behavior modification, treatment for self-mutilation includes use of restraints, protective padding, and sedation. Also, the extraction of selected teeth may be necessary.


dr. ritu singh, subharti dental college,...

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