dr. qudsia huda risk reduction and emergency preparedness emergency and humanitarian action

Hospitals Safe from Disasters

Reduce Risk, Protect Health Facilities, Save Lives

MPHR 6

Dr. Qudsia HudaDr. Qudsia Huda

Risk Reduction and Emergency PreparednessRisk Reduction and Emergency PreparednessEmergency and Humanitarian ActionEmergency and Humanitarian Action

WHO-EMROWHO-EMRO

‘‘Making’ Making’ of theof the Policy Policy

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What is policy ?What is policy ?

• Policy encompasses a broad range of laws, Policy encompasses a broad range of laws, approaches, approaches, prescriptions, guidelines and regulations.prescriptions, guidelines and regulations.

• Reflect the services are delivered, allocate decisions Reflect the services are delivered, allocate decisions are are made, information is produced and used and actors made, information is produced and used and actors interact.interact.

• Policies evolve over time under multiple pressuresPolicies evolve over time under multiple pressures

• Policy documents become the sole reference Policy documents become the sole reference available to available to Emergency Relief actorsEmergency Relief actors

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Why Policy?Why Policy?

To directTo direct To lead To lead To support To support To pursue To pursue To hold accountable To hold accountable To control To control

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Policy strengthPolicy strength

Inspired by an intimate knowledge of the Inspired by an intimate knowledge of the context and a systemic and realistic context and a systemic and realistic approachapproach

Frankly admits weaknesses proposing Frankly admits weaknesses proposing sensible ways of overcoming themsensible ways of overcoming them

Formulated in terms understandable to Formulated in terms understandable to different actors and widely disseminateddifferent actors and widely disseminated

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Policy weaknessePolicy weaknesse

Quick turnover of actors and weak Quick turnover of actors and weak institutional memoryinstitutional memory

Fast-evolving environmentFast-evolving environment

Corporate organizational attitude Corporate organizational attitude

Communication deficienciesCommunication deficiencies““weak policies are only symptoms of weak policies are only symptoms of institutional factors, and correcting the institutional factors, and correcting the policies without correcting the institutions policies without correcting the institutions will bring little long-term benefits” will bring little long-term benefits” (Easterly and Levine, 2002)(Easterly and Levine, 2002)

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challengeschallenges

““Both economists and health policy Both economists and health policy analystsanalysts tend to provide detailed prescriptions on tend to provide detailed prescriptions on what what should be done, but without clear should be done, but without clear instructions instructions on how to do it and without good on how to do it and without good explanations explanations of why things go wrong” (Reich, 1996)of why things go wrong” (Reich, 1996)

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Political nature of policy makingPolitical nature of policy making Competing policy directions leading to non-Competing policy directions leading to non-

implementationimplementation Implementation of disconnected policy Implementation of disconnected policy

components of components of policy backed by strong partiespolicy backed by strong parties Old policies in new clothes can be irrelevant to the Old policies in new clothes can be irrelevant to the

country’s changed conditionscountry’s changed conditions Official policies can be formulated by vertical Official policies can be formulated by vertical

programs poorly integrated into consistent programs poorly integrated into consistent networknetwork

Can be blueprinted from international models by Can be blueprinted from international models by outsider expertoutsider expert

challengeschallenges

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Strategic Approach

Developing a National Policy

on Health Emergency

Preparedness, Response, Recovery

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The problems that we face cannot be solved by the The problems that we face cannot be solved by the same level of thinking that created them.same level of thinking that created them.

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

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Health is a right not a charityHealth is a right not a charity

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ObjectivesObjectives

• Legal BindingLegal Binding• Enforcement of actsEnforcement of acts• Provides Direction: guidelinesProvides Direction: guidelines• Creates Platform to Work TogetherCreates Platform to Work Together• Ensure accountabilityEnsure accountability• Ensures Political Commitment Ensures Political Commitment • Better managementBetter management• Ensure effective solutionEnsure effective solution

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Key Elements of PolicyKey Elements of Policy

Defining HazardsDefining HazardsEmergency Management of the Emergency Management of the CountryCountryRole of Health SectorRole of Health SectorLevels of guidance: local, regional, Levels of guidance: local, regional, nationalnational

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Ways to go aheadWays to go ahead

•Participatory?Participatory?•Evidence based background Evidence based background information?information?•Assessment?Assessment?•Target Audience?Target Audience?•Actors?Actors?•Areas of work?Areas of work?

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Issue:Issue: Management of Dead BodiesManagement of Dead Bodies

National Policy all dead bodies should be recovered, identified and disposed or returned to the relatives

all missing should be recorded and all efforts should be made to find the bodies: families should be assisted

From Policy to ActionFrom Policy to Action

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Identification process Who is in charge How to perform When to perform Storage of the dead bodies (setting up of Temporary morgue)

Guidelines

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How to handle bodies and return them to families (administrative papers)Burial of the unidentified dead bodiesProtocols for taking DNA samples

Procedures / Protocols

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Training activities at different levels for different target groups to build capacity

Advocacy and awareness activities (myth- dead bodies are source of infectious diseases)

Enactment of laws

Information management – documentation, public information

Community participation (mass burial)

Logistics

Forensic institutes

Preparedness

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Setting up DVI team

Considering the cultural and religious aspects

Setting up the storage and management of the dead bodies

Setting up the coordination mechanism

Information and resource management

Special actions:

Use of volunteers

Temporary burial

Preservation for crime evidence

Response

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RecoveryRecovery

Evaluation of work done

Lesson learned

Review and revision of plan

Revision of guideline/procedures

Recommendation for change/update policy

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Preliminary meeting with representative from all

STAKEHOLDERS

Working Group

meets

•Needs identified and prioritized

•Formation of a working group

•Framework for policy

•Areas of work identified

Larger expert group from the

relevant working group meets

•Draft policy developed

Draft shared with national level policy maker for feedback

•Policy document finalized

•Disseminated among all stakeholders

Policy approved by the

government / authority

•Policy implementation initiated

Steps to consider in developing policySteps to consider in developing policy

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Policy Implementation Policy Implementation

vs vs

Law enactment and enforcement Law enactment and enforcement

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Group Work Group Work

Discuss in group for 15 mins and Discuss in group for 15 mins and come up with a clear policy to support come up with a clear policy to support your ‘issue’your ‘issue’

Present your policy in 2 mins and Present your policy in 2 mins and defend. defend.

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Issue:Issue: Management of Dead BodiesManagement of Dead Bodies

National Policy all dead bodies should be recovered, identified and disposed or returned to the relatives

all missing should be recorded and all efforts should be made to find the bodies: families should be assisted

From Policy to ActionFrom Policy to Action

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Trickling of policy Trickling of policy

Policy Policy GuidelinesGuidelines ProcedureProcedure

plan

• Action Preparedness

Response Recovery

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20 mins 20 mins

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Thank youThank you

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dr. qudsia huda risk reduction and emergency preparedness emergency and humanitarian action

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