The Western Front

Trench Warfare

New weapons in the War

• Machine Guns

• Barbed wire

• Poison gas• Tanks

• Submarines

• airplanes

Trench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

Verdun – February, 1916

y German offensive.. Each side had 500,000 casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916

, 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.o Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is H E L L !!

Sacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

The

E aste rn

Front

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

The Tsar with General Brusilov

Autocratic Russia• Romanov’s ruled for over 300 years in

Russia

• When Alexander II was assassinated in 1881, Alexander III takes over.

• Alexander II, III, and Nicholas II all were autocrats who pushed conservatism and Russification & anti-semitism.

• Did not accept liberal change and hated Marxism. Saw it as direct threat to their power. A2,A3,N2

Earlier 1905 Revolution in Russia

• Many in Russia wanted at least a Constitutional monarchy-Czars said NO

• 1903, Social democrats split into 2 groups- – Mensheviks-gradual change– Bolsheviks-communist takeover-Vladimir Lenin

• 1905- Russian losses in Russo-Jap war showed weakness of Monarchy

• “Bloody Sunday” Tsar’s soldiers fired upon strikers and massacred most.

• Nicholas II reluctantly agrees to Duma, but refuses to work with them in govt.

• This leaves Russia in a very unstable and pre-revolutionary mindset.

The

“ C olonial

”

Fronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Fighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Salonika, Greece

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

Am e rica

Joins

the

Allie s

1 91 7

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

January 1917

The YanksAre Coming!

Americans in the Trenches

The War of

the

Ind ustrial

R e volution:

Ne w

Te chnology

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

The Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchers

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

“ Art”

of

World

War I

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

German Cartoon:“Fit for active service!”, 1918

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died

World War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

387,8002,133,190Total

15,00073,390Trapizond District163,000194,000European Turkey70,000309,000Cilicia and Northern Syria27,000371,800Western Anatolia

  Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey

   16,800225,000Sivas56,000220,000Bitlis3,000124,000Diarbekir

35,000204,000Kharbert500197,000Van

1,500215,000Erzerum

19221914Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey