PowerPoint Presentation
Colin J.L. McCartney MBChB PhD FCARCSI FRCA FRCPCChair of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of OttawaHead of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineThe Ottawa HospitalScientist, Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOutcomes after Surgery: Can Regional Anesthesia make a difference?
1Good morning. My name is Colin McCartney and I am an anesthetist and consultant in chronic pain management from Toronto Western Hospital.
Conflicts of InterestNone
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term benefitsPressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
Why I care about outcomes?Anaesthetist since 1993Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine since 1994Research since 1999Head of Anaesthesia, The Ottawa Hospital since 2014Member of TOH Senior Management Team since 2014Exposure to practice in UK, Canada and US
Why should we care about outcomes?Our patientsOur system: Value of CareOur specialty: expertise in perioperative and pain medicine
After Breakfast QuotesWe have to be leading the evaluation of outcomes in our specialtyIf we are not at the table we might be on the menuIf we dont like change we are going to like irrelevance even less
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term benefitsPressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
What are the key unquestioned benefits of regional anaesthesia?Pain controlReduction in adverse effects of opioid analgesia
Regional Anesthesia Reduces Pain
Anesthesia & Analgesia 2012
Value of RA on short term outcomes
From the patients perspective?Two TKA procedures five years apartFirst TKA-GA + PCANausea, painDifficulty in mobilisingMental effects of continuous pain Next knee-no chance!
From the patients perspective?2nd TKASpinal + multimodalBetter pain controlMuch faster ambulationMental wellnessGA patients were easy to identify
RAPM 2011
What are other benefits of RA?Reduced respiratory dysfunctionFaster return GI functionReduction in surgical site infectionReduced critical care utilizationFaster dischargeReduced readmissionReduced chronic painReduction in cancer recurrenceReduction in mortality
Regional and Respiratory
Regional and GI function
BMJ 2000
400 hospitals between 2006-10Data from primary hip/knee arthroplastySubgrouped by anesthetic technique30 day morbidity and mortality data
Anesthesiology 2013
382,000 patients25% neuraxialNeuraxial associated with less mortality, length of stay, in-patient morbidity
Anesthesiology 2013
Evidence: How Much is Enough?Small RCTsLarge RCTsQualitative studiesSurveysSystematic reviewLarge database studies
Shaughnessy and Slawson BMJ 2004
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term benefitsPressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
Regional and and Current Perioperative CareTake your time (as long as its not mine)Problems of budgetary silos and fundingRegional anaesthesia and educationRegional anaesthesia and complications
Take your Time: Barriers to RAPoorly taughtDifficult to learnPatients do not like needlesDelays surgery?Significant risk of failure?Risk of complications
Budgetary Silos
Barriers to RAPatient education
Surgeon education
Anesthesiology education
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Risks of complications
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term benefitsPressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
Berwick DM et al 2008
Institute for Healthcare Improvement Triple Aim in Healthcare
Value in HealthCareValue=Experience x Functional Outcome Cost (intensity x length of care)
Outcomes in Regional AnesthesiaBased on IHI Triple AimExperience of care: Pain, Function, AEsPopulation Health: Morbidity/Mortality benefitsCost of care: Efficiency, Early discharge, Reduction in readmission
Important outcomes: who gets to define?Patient: Board of governors, Patient advocates, Research: patient oriented Provider/Physician: Private model driven by quality, patient experience and efficiencyGovernment: More and more involved through incentive driven outcomes e.g. CQUINS (UK), QBPs (Ontario) and CMS (US)
Quality-Based Procedures and Cost-Per Weighted Case (Ontario)Ontario: 13.5 million peopleOHIP covers all medical care (tax-based system)Quality-based procedures being standardized based on best evidenceHospitals measured on case cost (per weighting) and funded/penalized based on costs
Quality Based Procedures(QBP)Price x Volume approach Funding allocated to procedures targeting areas demonstrating opportunity to: introduce evidence into clinical pathwaysreduce practice variationattain cost efficienciescatalyze alignment of quality and funding.
How are guidelines developed?Expert consensusHealth Quality OntarioHip fracture/Hip and knee arthroplastyTry as much as possible to use evidence from the literatureOften evidence poor or not presentUnderlines importance of research in our specialty
382,000 patients25% neuraxialNeuraxial associated with less mortality, length of stay, in-patient morbidity
Anesthesiology 2013
Outcomes in Regional AnesthesiaBased on IHI Triple AimExperience of care: Pain, Function, AEsPopulation Health: Morbidity/Mortality benefitsCost of care: Efficiency, Early discharge, Reduction in readmission
What is patient experience?
a national study revealed that patients who reported being most satisfied with their doctors actually had higher healthcare and prescription costs and were more likely to be hospitalized than patients who were not as satisfied. Worse, the most satisfied patients were significantly more likely to die in the next four years
http://www.theatlantic.com
Outcomes in Regional AnesthesiaBased on IHI Triple AimExperience of care: Pain, Function, AEsPopulation Health: Morbidity/Mortality benefitsCost of care: Efficiency, Early discharge, Reduced overtime and case cancellation, Reduction in readmission
Outcomes in Regional AnesthesiaBased on IHI Triple AimExperience of care: Pain, Function, AEsPopulation Health: Morbidity/Mortality benefitsCost of care: Efficiency, Early discharge, Reduced overtime and case cancellation, Reduction in readmission
RA and Cost of Care
OR Time
17% decrease in time for patient-in to patient-out from 2004 to 2007 in total knee arthroplasties18.6% decrease in time required from patient-in to patient-out for total hip arthroplastiesFrom: HOAC
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OR Overtime(* cancellations)Thanks: HOAC and Dr. Susan Belo
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A Day in the OR OR time map with RA + block area: AT is outside the OR in the block area
ATPPDsurgeryout
TO
75 min
1562065% efficiencyOT = 0 min Thanks: Dr. Jeffrey Gollish
Data from Brians studyRCDB 50 patients undergoing TKAcFNB or placeboMultimodal analgesiaTime to achieve three distinct discharge criteria
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Ilfeld et al 2008
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RA and Cost of Care
Reduced LOS and reduction in readmission with PNB for TKANo difference in falls
Outcomes in Regional AnesthesiaBased on IHI Triple AimExperience of care: Pain, Function, AEsPopulation Health: Morbidity/Mortality benefitsCost of care: Efficiency, Early discharge, Reduced overtime and case cancellation, Reduction in readmission
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term benefitsPressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
What questions remain?Pain after discharge from hospitalIdentification and validation of novel measures of recovery after surgeryKnowledge translation and RAValue of RAPMImpact of RA on opioid utilization after surgery
SummaryRegional anaesthesia (RA) has significant short, medium and long-term outcome benefits and has a major place in modern healthcarePressures in modern medicine are adversely influencing use of RARA and the Triple AimKey questions remain to be answered
ConclusionsGovernments talking about resource allocation based on Triple AimCurrently much talk about cost and less about valueRA costs money but improves value through all parts of the Triple AimWe need to be at the table: clinically, administratively and academicallyCourage and persistence required to make fundamental changes
To improve is to change, to be perfect is to change oftenWS Churchill
