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Prof vkmBIOTHE BIOWORLD

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GENE: ITS NATURE,

EXPRESSION AND

REGULATION

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GENE-1

Nucleic Acid:

Composition Of

Nucleotide

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Nucleic acids: history

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NUCLEIC ACIDS: HISTORY Johannes Fridrich Miescher, a

Swiss biologist who discovered a protamine in the sperms of salmon in 1870.

He also isolated nucleic acids from the nuclei of pus cells (dead white blood cells) in 1869 at the university of tubingen in Germany

Later also isolated from the sperms of salmon fish, He Called As ‘Nuclein’

It Was Called Nucleic Acids By Altman

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Nucleic Acids

RNA DNA

Ribose Nucleic Acid

DeoxyRibose Nucleic Acid

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NUCLEIC ACID

Nucleic Acid Molecule Is A Polymer Of Nucleotides

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COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDENUCLEOTIDE

PHOSPHORIC ACID

NUCLEOSIDE

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COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE

NUCLEOTIDEPHOSPHORIC ACID

NUCLEOSIDE

PENTOSE SUGAR

NITROGENBASE

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PHOSPHORIC ACID

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PENTOSE SUGARPENTOSE SUGARRIBOSE

(C5H10O5)

DEOXY-RIBOSE (C5H10O4)

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PENTOSE SUGAR: DNA AND RNA

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PENTOSE SUGAR: DNA AND RNA

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NITROGEN BASES

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COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE

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COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE

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COMPONENT OF NUCLEOTIDE

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Can you think of difference between the

Nucleotides and nucleosides Ribose and deoxyribose sugar Purine and pyrimidine bases.

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TYPES OF NUCLEOSIDE

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TYPES OF NUCLEOTIDE

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DNA

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DNAEUKARYOTIC DNA

NUCLEAR DNA

ORGANELLAR DNA

PROKARYOTIC DNAMAIN / CHROMOSOMAL DNA

EXTRACHROMOSOMAL DNA/ PLASMIDS

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EUKARYOTIC DNA

NUCLEAR

MITOCHONDRIA

CHLOROPLAST

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NUCLEAR DNA EXTRA NUCELAR DNA

Found in the nucleus

Found in the cell organelles like

mitochondria and chloroplast

Linear and double stranded

Circular and double stranded

Associated with the inheritance/here

dity

Associated with replication of mitochondria and

chloroplasts

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EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA

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EUKARYOTIC: ORGANELLAR

DNA

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EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA

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EUKARYOTIC NUCLEAR DNA For Eukaryotic Cells, Number Of DNA Molecules Corresponds To Number Of Chromosomes Per Cell

DNA Content Is Constant In All Somatic Cells (2n) Of A Given Species

The Gametes (n) Have Half The Amount Of DNA As They Contain Half The Number Of Chromosomes

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NEET ALERTThe length of DNA is usually defined as number of nucleotides (or a pair of nucleotides referred to as base pairs) present in it.

A haploid content of human DNA is 3.3х109 bp

Escherichia coli has 4.6 х106 bp

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PROKARYOTIC DNA

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PROKARYOTIC DNA

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PROKARYOTIC DNA

Main/Chromosomal DNA

Found in the cytoplasm attached to the cell membrane

Circular and double stranded

Responsible for inheritance/heredity

Extra-chromosomal DNA

Circular and double stranded but not attached to the cell membrane

Responsible for the additional properties like toxicity resistance, antibiotic resistance etc

Chromosomal DNA

Plasmid DNA

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ANTIBIOTIC

RESISTANCE


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