Download - The Great Migration & the Rebellions of 1837-38

The Great MigrationThe Great Migration& the Rebellions of & the Rebellions of

1837-381837-38

Immigration to BNA 1815-1850Immigration to BNA 1815-1850•Between 1815 – 1850 lots of people from Britain came to BNA

•This is known as “The Great Migration”This migration changed BNA.

•Before the 1840 most of UC & LC was Canadien.

•After 1850, most people were British.

What triggered the Great Migration?What triggered the Great Migration? Poverty in BritainPoverty in Britain

Left for economic reasonsLeft for economic reasons UNEMPLOYMENT: Many lost jobs b/c of the Industrial UNEMPLOYMENT: Many lost jobs b/c of the Industrial

revolution- machines took over many jobs of the peoplerevolution- machines took over many jobs of the people Many lost farmsMany lost farms The end of the Napoleonic Wars meant an economic slowdownThe end of the Napoleonic Wars meant an economic slowdown FAMINE!!FAMINE!!

Opportunities in the ColoniesOpportunities in the Colonies BNA meant a place for people to start overBNA meant a place for people to start over EMIGRATION: Br. encouraged people to move as a way to end EMIGRATION: Br. encouraged people to move as a way to end

its economic troubles and encourage loyalty to Britain in the its economic troubles and encourage loyalty to Britain in the coloniescolonies

What impacts did migration have?What impacts did migration have? More farmsMore farms

Settlers cleared land for farms Settlers cleared land for farms

More British peopleMore British people There was a huge increase in the population in BNA- There was a huge increase in the population in BNA-

especially in Upper Canadaespecially in Upper Canada

In Upper Canada- In Lower CanadaIn Upper Canada- In Lower Canada

• 1830 - about 180,000 1830 - about 180,000 - 1830- about 450,000- 1830- about 450,000

• 1840 - about 400,000 1840 - about 400,000 - 1840- about 650,000- 1840- about 650,000

• 1850- about 1 million 1850- about 1 million - 1850- about 850,000- 1850- about 850,000

Immigrant ShipsImmigrant ShipsDiseases on the ships: many did not survive the Diseases on the ships: many did not survive the

voyagevoyageCRAMMED into the ships or cargo areasCRAMMED into the ships or cargo areasPeople brought food to cook their own mealsPeople brought food to cook their own mealsTrips that were to take 5-6 wks were 10-11 wks Trips that were to take 5-6 wks were 10-11 wks

(weather)(weather)People thought cholera was sent by Britain to kill off People thought cholera was sent by Britain to kill off

and demoralize the Canadiensand demoralize the CanadiensThe government set up a quarantine at Grosse Ile The government set up a quarantine at Grosse Ile

about 50 km from Quebec. All immigrants had to about 50 km from Quebec. All immigrants had to report therereport there

Many Irish orphans at Grosse Ile were adopted by Many Irish orphans at Grosse Ile were adopted by Canadien familiesCanadien families

Grosse IleGrosse IleGrosse-Ile is connected to the Great Migration as a place Grosse-Ile is connected to the Great Migration as a place

of hope and tragedy. Why?of hope and tragedy. Why?Place of hopePlace of hope: it was a place that the ill could recover : it was a place that the ill could recover

from diseasefrom diseasePlace of tragedyPlace of tragedy: Many ill died here. Leaving many : Many ill died here. Leaving many

orphans.orphans.

Go to www.pc.gc.ca/eng/Ihnnhs/qc/grosseile/index.aspxGo to www.pc.gc.ca/eng/Ihnnhs/qc/grosseile/index.aspx

Where is Gorsse Ile?Where is Gorsse Ile?What is Grosse Ile?What is Grosse Ile?Why is this important in Canadian history?Why is this important in Canadian history?

Immigration to BNA 1815-1850Immigration to BNA 1815-1850

•Leaders in Upper & Lower Canada and in Nova Scotia wanted an end to Britain's ruling in BNA

•BNA was ready for a democratic government so they had more autonomy over their destiny.

Learning from America:Learning from America:

• Looking to the US many in BNA wanted Looking to the US many in BNA wanted liberty or freedom from oppressive policiesliberty or freedom from oppressive policies

• 3pt Approach : 3pt Approach : Liberty Liberty - - The state of being free within The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions society from oppressive restrictions

• In 1776, America declared In 1776, America declared

independence from Britain & independence from Britain &

King George IIIKing George III

Learning from America: Learning from America: Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

No Taxation Without

Representation!!!!

Britain shouldn’t have so much control!!

Learning from America: Learning from America: Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

• Led to Britain installing the ‘Intolerable Acts’ Led to Britain installing the ‘Intolerable Acts’ which:which:

-Took away local Self-government-Took away local Self-government

-Ended economic activity in Boston-Ended economic activity in Boston

• Led to the Led to the

American American

Revolution in Revolution in

17751775

The Reformers- Who are they?The Reformers- Who are they?

The reformers wanted to change the rules The reformers wanted to change the rules and arrangements in BNA so that they and arrangements in BNA so that they would have the authority to make the would have the authority to make the decisions that affected their livesdecisions that affected their lives

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EaYfcxfjm8&feature=relatedv=_EaYfcxfjm8&feature=related

Colonial GovernmentColonial Government Democratic GovernmentDemocratic Government

Colonial vs DemocraticColonial vs Democratic

In British North America?In British North America? In a Democracy?In a Democracy?

Britain holds the powerBritain holds the power BNA had colonial governmentBNA had colonial government Britain appointed people who Britain appointed people who

made the decisions including a made the decisions including a governor and councilsgovernor and councils

Each colony also had an Each colony also had an elected assembly that advised elected assembly that advised the governor and council but the governor and council but has no real powerhas no real power

Voters elect people who have Voters elect people who have the power to make decisionsthe power to make decisions

Therefore, Therefore, voters have powervoters have power In BNA reformers wanted the In BNA reformers wanted the

people who lived in the people who lived in the colonies to have the powercolonies to have the power

Wanted elected assemblies to Wanted elected assemblies to control councils, not governorscontrol councils, not governors

Wanted councils, not Wanted councils, not governors to have control over governors to have control over decisionsdecisions

Who has the power?Who has the power?

Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

Why they occurred………

1. Wanted Responsible Government

2. Britain didn’t listen

3. French Canadiens were unhappy with:- agricultural conditions

- land system

Lower Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

“L’Assemblee des sixcomtes, in 1837”

Lower and Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

Battle of Saint-Denis

Was a Patriote Win

Battle of Saint-Charles

The Patriotes Lost

Battle of Saint-Eustache

The Patriotes Lost

Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

Why they occurred………

1. Wanted responsible government

2. Britain didn’t listen

3. Economic recession (hardship) & crop failures

4. Rebellions in Lower Canada provided an opportunity to rebel in UC


•Much smaller than Lower Canada’s rebellion

•Wanted a government like the US

•Led by William Lyon Mackenzie


•Started in Montgomery’s Tavern

•500 poorly armed rebels marched down Yonge Street

•Loyalist force burned down Montgomery’s Tavern and won

•Mackenzie’s rebels were very poorly organized

Lower and Upper Canada Rebellions of 1837-38

After the LC & UC Rebellions

•Britain sent out Lord Durham (Radical Jack) to investigate the rebellions

•He expelled some rebels and investigated UC’s and LC’sdiscontent

•Wrote “Durham’s Report” which became an important document in Quebec’s and Canada’s history

Durham’s ReportDurham’s Report “ “I expected to find a contest between a I expected to find a contest between a

government and a people. Instead, I found government and a people. Instead, I found two nations warring within the bosom of a two nations warring within the bosom of a single state”single state” – Lord Durham – Lord Durham

•He saw the French Canadiens as backwards as they tried to preserve their old way of life

•He didn’t want to give the French Canadiens power

Split Page Note Taking (Pg163)Split Page Note Taking (Pg163)

Lord DurhamLord Durham 11

22

Report Report RecommendationsRecommendations

11

22

33

44

The Rebellions: Lord Durham and The Durham Report

Lord DurhamLord Durham 1 1 Sent from Britain to investigate the Sent from Britain to investigate the rebellionsrebellions

2 Wrote the Durham Report2 Wrote the Durham Report

Report Report RecommendationsRecommendations

1 Made the United Province of Canada1 Made the United Province of Canada(combined UC & LC)(combined UC & LC)

2 Wanted Responsible Government2 Wanted Responsible Government

3 Little British involvement for local affairs3 Little British involvement for local affairs

4 The Executive would be chosen by the 4 The Executive would be chosen by the leader of the Legislative Assembly (not the leader of the Legislative Assembly (not the Governor)Governor)

The Rebellions: Lord Durham and The Durham Report

Union Act 1841Union Act 1841AIM:AIM: -To unite the two colonies into a single unit, and to give -To unite the two colonies into a single unit, and to give

the English-speaking people control of the newly named the English-speaking people control of the newly named colony’scolony’s

-Made the-Made the United Province of Canada United Province of Canada with two parts: with two parts: Canada EastCanada East and and Canada WestCanada West

GovernmentGovernment -Canada East and Canada West received the same -Canada East and Canada West received the same

amount of representatives in the Legislative Assembly amount of representatives in the Legislative Assembly even though Canada East (Lower Canada) had a much even though Canada East (Lower Canada) had a much bigger populationbigger population

Executive Councils appointed by the Governor General Executive Councils appointed by the Governor General from the elected Legislative Assemblyfrom the elected Legislative Assembly

The Act of Union (1841)The Act of Union (1841)

Lower Canada Lower Canada had a bigger had a bigger populationpopulation


Act of Union 1841 Act of Union 1841 AimAim

--

GovernmentGovernment

ChangesChanges

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The Act of Union 1841


Act of Union 1841 Act of Union 1841 AimAim

- To unite the colonies into one - To unite the colonies into one political unit which would give political unit which would give English speaking people control English speaking people control of the colonyof the colony

GovernmentGovernment

ChangesChanges

1. Governor General appointed 1. Governor General appointed Executive Council from Elected Executive Council from Elected Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly

2. Equal Representation from 2. Equal Representation from Canada East and Canada WestCanada East and Canada West

3. Official Government language 3. Official Government language was Englishwas English

The Act of Union 1841

1846 Britain Changes its Trading Policy1846 Britain Changes its Trading Policy

•Britain adopts Free Trade

Before1846: Gave special trading conditions to the colonies

After 1846: Gave no special trading conditions to anyone

-The colonies weren’t as important to Britain

Please Compare and Contrast the Please Compare and Contrast the Constitutional Act of 1791(pg120) and Constitutional Act of 1791(pg120) and

Responsible Gov’t of 1848 (pg166)Responsible Gov’t of 1848 (pg166)

Rebellion Losses Bill 1849Rebellion Losses Bill 1849-Compensate lower Canadians for rebellion loses -Compensate lower Canadians for rebellion loses

(property damaged or destroyed) (property damaged or destroyed)

-Heal the relationship between -Heal the relationship between French and English speaking CanadiansFrench and English speaking Canadians

-Governor General Lord Elgin didn’t like the Bill, -Governor General Lord Elgin didn’t like the Bill, but he had to sign it (that is responsible gov’t)but he had to sign it (that is responsible gov’t)

-What do you think loyalist English speaking -What do you think loyalist English speaking Canadians thought of the bill?Canadians thought of the bill?

-Some wanted for the -Some wanted for the colony to join the United colony to join the United

States (Annexation)States (Annexation)

-English speaking Tories -English speaking Tories burned down the Parliamentburned down the Parliament

Buildings in Montreal Buildings in Montreal

-Riots in Toronto and Kingston-Riots in Toronto and Kingston

Download - The Great Migration & the Rebellions of 1837-38

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