The Geography of Greece
The Geography of Greece
Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece
Minoan World: 2000-1400 B.C.E. Minoan World:
2000-1400 B.C.E.
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Crete: Minoan Civilization
(Palace at Knossos)
Aerial View of Knossos
Aerial View of Knossos
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Knossos: Minoan Civilization
Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization
Palace of King Minos – North Entrance
Palace of King Minos – North Entrance
Palace of King Minos -
Interiors
Palace of King Minos -
Interiors
Palace of King Minos – Throne Room
Palace of King Minos – Throne Room
Minoan LadiesMinoan Ladies
Women had rights…
Minoan Culture - Religion
Minoan Culture - Religion
Minoan PriestMinoan PriestMinoan Minoan
Snake Mother Snake Mother GoddessGoddess
Religion was based on worshiping the Mother Goddess…
Bull CultBull Cult
…and based on worshiping the Bull.
Bull Jumping FrescoBull Jumping Fresco
Minoan
Trade
Minoan
Trade
““Bireme” Bireme” shipship
Coast of Coast of CreteCrete
Minoan success was based on trade, not conquest.
Minoan Artistic “Motifs”
Minoan Artistic “Motifs”
Dolphins represent good fortune and show the importance of the sea.
Early Writing System:
“Linear A” (Undecipherable)
Early Writing System:
“Linear A” (Undecipherable)
CannoCannon?n?
What caused
the End of the
Minoan Civilization
??
What caused
the End of the
Minoan Civilization
??
The Mycenaean World:
The Mycenaean World:
1500-1100 BCE
View of MycenaeView of MycenaeArchaeological Archaeological
“site”“site”
Aerial View of Mycenae
Aerial View of Mycenae
MycenaeMycenae
Approach to the Lion’s Gate
Approach to the Lion’s Gate
Lion’s Gate Entrance to
Mycenae
Lion’s Gate Entrance to
Mycenae
Mycenaean Writing System:
“Linear B”
Mycenaean Writing System:
“Linear B”
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Trojan WarThe Trojan War
What were the
real & mythicalcauses of
theTrojan War??
What were the
real & mythicalcauses of
theTrojan War??
HistoricallyHistorically
•It is said that Troy It is said that Troy controlled trade from controlled trade from the Black Sea to the the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Mediterranean.
•This area was known as This area was known as the “Vital Straits”the “Vital Straits”
Helen of Troy: “The Face That Launched 1000
Ships”
Helen of Troy: “The Face That Launched 1000
Ships”WhatWhatdid did she she look look like?like?
Greek Ships Landing on Greek Ships Landing on Beaches of TroyBeaches of Troy
Plan of the City of Troy
Plan of the City of Troy
The Nine “Layers” of Ancient
Troy
The Nine “Layers” of Ancient
TroyHomer’s Homer’s TroyTroy(VII)(VII)
Original Wall of the City of Troy
Original Wall of the City of Troy
Wall of Troy Recreated
Wall of Troy Recreated
Dome of King Priam’s
Treasury
Dome of King Priam’s
Treasury
King Priam’s Treasure
King Priam’s Treasure
Mask of AgamemnonMask of Agamemnon
Brutal
Combat
Brutal
Combat
Brutal Combat
Troy Grave CirclesTroy Grave Circles
The “Trojan Horse”?The “Trojan Horse”?
Sir Heinrich SchliemannSir Heinrich Schliemann
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer: The “Heroic Age”
Homer, the Blind Poet
Homer, the Blind Poet
Homer’s Great EpicsHomer’s Great Epics
Homer’s View of the World
Homer’s View of the World
Migrations in the Aegean Region Invasion of the
Dorians
Migrations in the Aegean Region Invasion of the
Dorians(DORIANS}(DORIANS}
Greek Culture
Declined
Greek Culture
Declined
Greek Culture Declined•Greeks lived in Small Greeks lived in Small
Isolated Villages.Isolated Villages.•Reading and Writing Reading and Writing
Declined.Declined.•Stories were passed on Stories were passed on
by word of mouth.by word of mouth.
Early GovernmentsEarly Governments
• MonarchyMonarchy-government in which a -government in which a king or queen exercises central king or queen exercises central power.power.
• AristocracyAristocracy-rule by a landholding -rule by a landholding elite.elite.
• OligarchyOligarchy-power is in the hands of a -power is in the hands of a small, powerful elite, usually a small, powerful elite, usually a business class. business class.
SPARTA: A Nation of Soldiers
SPARTASPARTA
SPARTASPARTA
Helots – Mycenaean's enslaved by the Spartans.
Spartans- Dorians that conquered Laconia.
SpartaSparta• Sparta was a Military State. From a Sparta was a Military State. From a
young age children (boys) were young age children (boys) were trained in military tactics.trained in military tactics.
• Women would exercise and keep Women would exercise and keep their bodies in good physical health.their bodies in good physical health.
• Only men could vote.Only men could vote.
• Sparta's government had two kings Sparta's government had two kings and a council of elders.and a council of elders.
Sparta’s MilitarySparta’s Military
Phalanx- massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers.
ATHENS: A limited Democracy
ATHENS: A limited Democracy
View of the PastView of the Past
Early Athenian Lawgivers
Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Corruption in Athens
aristocracy had too much power, people called for reform.
$ Solon- first to reform the government, made a move for democracy. (594 BCE)
$ Pisistratus-further helped the common citizens by offering loans to the poor. (546BCE)
$ Cleisthenes- Established the Council of 500 and created the first (limited) democracy.
Why was it only a limited Democracy?
$ Only male citizens could
vote.$ Only male citizens could
participate in the government.
$ Slavery was still legal.$ Women had no share in life$ Only boys could go to
school, if they could afford it.
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Piraeus: Athens’ Port City
Persian Wars: 490 BCE – 479 BCE
Persian Wars: 490 BCE – 479 BCE
Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)
§ 26.2 miles from Athens
§ 25,000 Persians, under Persian Leader Darius‘
§ Greeks were out numbered 3 to 1
§ Greeks Won
Persian Wars: Famous Battles
$Thermopylae (480 BCE)§ 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
§ 25,000+ Persians led by Xerxes
§ Spartans hold them off till Sparta was betrayed.
§ Sparta Lost
§ Persia Marched and burned Athens
Persian Wars: Famous Battles$Salamis (480 BCE)
§ Athenian navy lured the Persian navy into the narrow Strait of Salamis.
§ Athenian Navy rowed their boats into the Persian Ships and sank them.
§ Athens is victorious.
After the Persian WarsAfter the Persian Wars
$Greeks felt Strong and realized their place in the world.
$Athens emerged as the most powerful City-State.
$Delian League was Established – United Greek Allies.
Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE –
429 BCE
Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE –
429 BCE
Direct Democracy was established
Golden “Age of Pericles”$Government Thrived
$Economy Thrived $Athenian assembly established:
6000 members had to be present$You were paid for government
Service.$Judge and Jury$Ostracism – Vote to send away a
government official who threatened democracy.
ThucydidesThucydides•Historian who lived in the Historian who lived in the
Age of Pericles.Age of Pericles.•Recorded events for Recorded events for
Athens.Athens.
Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars 431 - 404 BCE (27
years)$ Greek vs. GreekGreek vs. Greek$ Sparta vs. AthensSparta vs. Athens$ Sparta got help from PersiaSparta got help from Persia
$ After the War Athens was no After the War Athens was no longer a military power. It was longer a military power. It was however, the center for Greek however, the center for Greek Culture. Culture.
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates (469 – 399
BCE)§ Know thyself!
§ question everything
§ Socratic Method of Teaching
§ Only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.
§ At Age 70 he was put on trial for “corrupting the youth.”
§ He was sentenced to exile but choose suicide.
Great Athenian Philosophers$Plato (Socrates'
Student)e The Academy (School)e The Importance of Reasone The Republic (book) His vision
of an ideal state.e Did not trust democracy
Great Athenian Philosophers
Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle (Plato's’
Student)§ The Lyceum (School)
Study: Politics, Ethics, Logic,
Biology, Literature, Math Etc.
§ “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].
§ Logic.
§ Scientific method.
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):
§ Aeschylus
§ Sophocles (Father of Tragedy)
§ Euripides
$ COMEDY:§ Aristophanes (Father of
Comedy)
Wrote: Lysistrata
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$ THE SCIENCES:۩ Pythagoras
Pythagorean Theorem
۩ Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.
۩ Hippocrates – “Father of Medicine”
AcropolisAcropolis
The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today
The ParthenonThe Parthenon
The AgoraThe Agora
Was the term for a Marketplace
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
The Classical Greek “Ideal”
Greeks saw the human body as beautiful, they sculpted the body with realism and natural poses but had an idealistic approach.
OlympiaOlympia
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
The Ancient Olympics:
Athletes & Trainers
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Olympia: Temple to Hera
The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics
Macedonia Under Philip II
Macedonia Under Philip II
Macedonia Under Philip II
$ Philip conquered and united all of Philip conquered and united all of Greece under the Macedonia Empire Greece under the Macedonia Empire in 338 in 338 BCE.BCE.
$ Philip was assassinated, Alexander Philip was assassinated, Alexander was placed on the Throne.was placed on the Throne.
$ In 334 In 334 BCEBCE Alexander conquered the Alexander conquered the weak and often rebellious Persian weak and often rebellious Persian Empire. (Darius III was Emperor)Empire. (Darius III was Emperor)
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire
Macedonia Under Alexander
$ In 331 In 331 BCEBCE he took Babylon. he took Babylon.
$ He conquered Egypt, Persia, India.He conquered Egypt, Persia, India.
$ Alexander faced armies that had Alexander faced armies that had Elephants and Superior numbers.Elephants and Superior numbers.
$ Alexander died of a sudden fever. His Alexander died of a sudden fever. His Empire was divided up and fought Empire was divided up and fought over.over.
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
Alexander the Great in Persia
Hellenistic Culture – assimilation of Greek, Indian, Egyptian and Persian Cultures.
The Hellenization of Asia
The Hellenization of Asia
Most lasting achievement was the spread of
Greek Culture.
The Lighthouse of The Lighthouse of AlexandriaAlexandria
Alexandria Egypt was the center of Hellenistic Culture
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic
Philosophers$ Stoicism - Zeno§ nature is the expansion of
divine will; just go with the flow
§ Avoid Desire.
§ get involved in politics to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
§ true happiness is found ingreat achievements.
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences
Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /
Mathematicians:§ Aristarchus - heliocentric theory.
Idea that sun is center of the solar-system.
§ Euclid wrote the Element – Modern Geometry
§ Archimedes – Physics Mastered the idea of a lever and a pulley.
$ Hellenistic Art:– More realistic; less ideal than
Greek art.
– Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age !
