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'1'0 Richard, Karin, Michael and James Acknowledgements Theauthorwouldliketothanktheconsultants,IvoandIngworHolmqvistandGun Sjoberg,forchecking the materialandmakingmany valuablesuggestions,andalsomy brotherandhiswife,Claesand AgnetaGudmundson,forproviding mewith most of the realia forthe exercises.Iam very grateful toKungligaOperanforpermissiontousean operaticket,tothe Svenska Institutet forthephotographs onpage226,andtoVolvofor pictures of their cars. Iamalsoverymuchindebtedtomycolleague,BenteElsworth,forherhelpandgood advice;to Philip HolmesandIan Hinchcliffe,whosegrammatical works Ihaveused;and to Andrew Corrul1h,Karen Donnelly and David Hancock fortheillustrations. Lastly,I wouldliketothank my editors,HelenCoward,Kate Jarratt and Sarah Mitchell, for their patience and help. VeraCroghan, June 1995 For UK orders:please contact Bookpoint Ltd,39 Milton Park, Abingdon,OxonOX14 4TD. Telephone:(44) 01235400414, Fax:(44) 01235400454.Lines are open from9.00-6.00, Monday to Saturday, with a24hour message answering service.Email address: [email protected] For U.S.A.&Canada orders:please contact NTC/Contemporary Publishing, 4255West Touhy Avenue, Lincolnwood,Illinois60646 - 1975 U.S.A.Telephone:(847)679 5500,Fax: (847) 679 2494. Long-renownedas the authoritative source forself-guided learning - with morethan 30 million copies sold worldwide - the TeachYourself series includes over 200 titles in the fieldsof languages, crafts, hobbies,sports, and other leisure activities. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Croghan, Vera Swedish I. Title 439.782421 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 95-68139 First published in UK 1995by Hodder Headline PIc,338 Euston Road,London NWl 3BH First published in US1995by NTC/Contemporary Publishing, 4255 West Touhy Avenue,Lincolnwood (Chicago),Illinois60646-1975 U.S.A. The 'Teach YourselC name and logoare registeredtrademarks of Hodder&Stoughton Ltd. Copyright 1995 VeraCroghan InUK:Allrights reserved. Nopart of this publicationmay be reproducedor transmitted in any formor byany means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording,or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing fromthe publisher or under licence fromthe Copyright Licensing Agency Limited.Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may beobtained fromthe Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of90 Tottenham Court Road,London W1P 9HE. InUS: Allrights reserved.No part of this bookmay bereproduced,stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any form,or by any means,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,or otherwise, without prior permission ofNTC/Contemporary Publishing Company. Typeset by Transet Limited, Coventry. Printed in Great Britain forHodder &Stoughton Educational, adivision of Hodder Headline PIc, 338 Euston Road, London NWl 3BH by Cox&Wyman Ltd, Reading, Berkshire. First published 1995 Impression number1413121110987 Year2004200320022001200019991998 CONTENTS Introduction1 Pronunciation3 1Passet, tack!Your passport, please!13 Formal and informal introductions and greetings. Addressing people and saying 'thank you'. Simple statements and questions. 2Tack lor maten!It was a lovely meal!28 Discussing where you live. Phrases used at meal times. Proposing a toast and expressing appreciation. Counting from 0 to 12. 3Hur dags stiger ni upp?What time do you get up?41 Telling the time, parts of the day and days of the week. Saying what you do during the day.Counting from13 to 100 and doing simple sums. 4Vill du fiilja med?Would you like to come?55 Discussing leisure activities and the weather. The seasons. 5Niir iippnar banken?Whendoes the bank open?68 Phrases used at a bank and about Swedish money. Counting from101 to 1 000 000 000 000. 6Hur mycket kostar det?Howmuch is it?82 Phrases used in shops. Accepting and declining offers in shops. 7Var Iigger kafeet?Where is the cafe?99 Asking for and giving directions. Apologising and responding toapologies. 8Far jag be om notan?May Ihave the bill, please?113 Ordering a meal in a restaurant. Stating likes and dislikes concerning foodand drink.Complaining about the food or the service. 9Har du kiirt i hiigertrnfik? Have you ever driven on theright?130 Asking for,granting or refusing permission. Enquiring about ability and offering advice. Roadsigns and cardinal points. 10Midsommar i DalarnaMidsummer in Dalecarlia145 Discussing where you come fromand what languages youspeak. Asking others to do things, offering assistance and telling others not to do something. 11Vart iir ni pa vag?Whereare you going?158 Making suggestions and accepting offers.Asking somebody to speak slowly.Expressing displeasure. 12Pa fjiiIlvandring i LapplandWalking in Lapland173 Asking forinformation and expressing preference. Stating requirements when booking railway tickets. The months of the year. 13Har ni nagot rum ledigt?Have you a roomvacant?189 Enquiring about hotel roomsand facilities.Booking a room. Asking forinformation about tourist attractions and events. Expressing satisfaction.Dates. 14Var har du varit?Wherehave you been?202 Saying that you like or dislike something. Making enquiries. Expressing disappointment. 15Vilken Jinje skajag ta?Whichline should I take?217 Using public transport and hiring a car.Expressing surprise and doubt. Talking about politics. 16Vad ar det fiir fel pa er?What'sthematter?233 Talking about illnesses and ailments.Medical advice. Persuading somebody to dosomething.Promising to do something. Expressing indifference. 17Har du lust att aka skidor?Would you like to go skiing?249 Making arrangements on the telephone.Phrases used in telegrams. 18God Jui!HappyChristmas!263 Writing letters. Accepting and declining invitations. Expressing gratitude. Key tothe exercises276 Someuseful verbs283 Swedish-English glossary287 Index to Grammar Notes307 INTRODUCTION This course isdesigned forthe absolute beginner and requires nopre-viousknowledgeof anyforeignlanguage.Theaimof the courseisto enable youtouseSwedish in everyday situationsandalsotoprovide some background information about Sweden and the Swedish culture. Swedish isnot a difficult language foran English-speaking student to learn.LikeEnglish,itisaGermaniclanguagesomanywordsare similar,forexample:man,bok,hus,hund,land,hand,finger. Manyloan-wordsfromGerman,FrenchandLatinarealsoimme-diatelyrecognisabletoanyonewithaknowledgeof theselanguages, forexampleGermanFrau,{ragen,Freiheit,Rathausbecomefru, fraga,frihet,radhusinSwedish.Frenchrestaurant,parapluie, sergent,milieubecomerestaurang,paraply,sergeant,miljiiin Swedish.From Latin there ismuseum, laboratorium, pastor, uni-versitet and so on. In these days of easy communications, TV programmes and films,and scienceand technologyusing an international (English!)terminology, moreandmoreAmericanandEnglishwordsareenteringthe Swedishlanguage,makingitincreasinglyaccessibletoEnglish-speaking people. - 1 SWEDISH How to use the book Each of the 18 units followsthe same pattern. Introduction.AnintroductioniuEuglishthatexplainswhatyou will learn in the unit. Samtal. (Dialogue.)IZlThereare somedialoguesat the beginning of eachchapter.Usingthecassette,listentothemfirsttoseehow much youunderstand, then read them Vocabulary. II Thevocabularysectionthat followseach dialogue containsthe newwordsand expressionsthat youwill needtounder-stand it. Riitt eller feI?(Trueor false?)Statementsabout the dialoguethat maybetrueorfalse.Theaimofthisexerciseisforyoutocheck whether you have understood the text. Vad ni behiiver veta.(What youneedtoknow.)Commentsonlife in Sweden relevant to the dialogue. S .. har siiger man. (What tosay.)The important words and expres-sions used in the dialogues are repeated here. Grammatik.(Languagepatterns.)gNotesexplaininggrammat-ical structures and how to create your own sentences. Ovningar. (Exercises.) In these youpractise the new words and information you have learnt. Fiirstardu?(Doyouunlkrstand?)Furtherdialoguesandtexts, testing your comprehension. In addition,the symboll!l indicates material includedonthe accom-panying cassette. The best way tomake progressis towork alittle every day.Listen to the cassette and read the dialogues several times,learning the vocab-ulary before you start the exercises. TeachYourself Swedishtellsthe story of John,ayoungEnglishman whoisgoingtostay inSwedenforayeartogainexperienceinthe import andexporttrade.Healsowantstosee something of Sweden. HisSwedishfriend,Ake,stayedwithJohn'sfamilyonan exchange, and now John is going to stay with Ake's family. - 2--PRONUNCIATION Swedishisprobablyoneoftheeasiestlanguagestolearntopro-nounce as it isusually pronounced as it is written. Once a fewgeneral ruleshave beenlearnt - and youhavemastered the specificSwedish sounds - it is quite straightforward. The easiest waytolearn thepronunciation is tolisten to the cassette andimitatethenativespeakersthere.TheSwedishradioand Swedishfilms- if theyhaven'tbeendubbed- arealsoveryhelpful. RadioSwedencanbefoundonshortwavearoundtheworldandin mostof Europeonseveralfrequencies,e.g.mediumwave(AM)1179 kHz 254 m,although reception is not always good. Themostimportant thingstorememberwhenpronouncingSwedish wordsisthatalllettersshouldbepronounceddistinctly,even unstressedendvowels,andvowelsandconsonantsinendings,e.g. pojke (boy),fiire (before),sedan (afterwards), triidet (the tree). The Swedish alphabet has 29 letters: II Aa(pronounceda)K k(pronouncedkft)Uu (pronouncedu) Bb("be)LI(ell)Vv(vel Cc(se)Mm("em)Ww(vel D d(de)Nn("en)Xx (eks) Ee(e)o 0("0)Yy (y) Ff(emPp("pelZz(sata) G g(gelQ q(" ku)A {!(a) Hh(hA)Rr("arr)A ii(ii) Ii(i)Ss("ess)06 (6) Jj(ji)Tt("tel - 3-, ~ t I!I SWEDISH Thelast threelettersarevowels;thismeansthat Swedishhasnine vowels, as yis always a vowel in Swedish. The vowelsarea,e, i, 0, U, y, A,ii, O. ThevowelsinSwedisharepuresounds,notacombinationoftwo sounds(diphthongs)astheyoftenareinEnglish.Diphthongsonly occur in dialects. Thepronunciationof Swedishlettersisexplainedbelow.However, the comparisons with English sounds are only approximate.Therefore youshould listen carefully tothe cassette where native speakers have recordedthesoundsandsamplewords.Theguidebelowisonly intended to help youif youhave any difficulties. For most people, imi-tating the voicesonthe cassette isbyfarthe easiest way tolearn the correctpronunciation. Vowels TheSwedishvowelsmaybelongorshort,butvowellengthiscon-nected with stress. By stress wemean that it ismoreprominent than the other letters in the word. A stressed vowelis long: as end-vowel in words of one syllable: ja, vi, nu, se, tva. beforeasingleconsonantinthesamesyllable(exceptionssee below):mor, far, vara, heta, gata, jul. A stressed vowelis short: before twoor more consonants: flicka,gubbe, apple, kall, kopp. (Except before -r: barn, lard.! in a fewcommonwordsof one syllable:han, hon, den, min, din, sin. often in words of one syllable ending in -m or -n: vem, hem, kom, kam, 80m, rum, dum, man, in, kan, men, mun, an. Anunstressed vowelis always short:the last ain tala, resa; the e in pojken, aiker, etc. The vowels are divided into two groups: a, 0, u, A are hardvowels e, i, y,ii, 0 are soft vowels. Thisdistinctionisimportantforexplainingthedifferentpronuncia--4-~ PRONUNCIA TlON tiollS ofthe consonants g,k, and the consonant combination sk before the different vowelgroups (see below). III Swedish letter Pronunciation Example long a like ain father far (father) short a like the a- sound in but katt (cat) lange noEnglish equivalent. A little like e in ear, but with the tongue muscles very tense med (with) short e like e in men penna (pen) longi like ea in heat Iiv (life) short i like i in kiss hiss (lift) long 0 like 00 in moonwith tightly rounded lips bok (book) short 0 like 00 in bookwith less tightly rounded lips blomma (j/nwer) longu no English equivalent. Start with the u- sound in true,but round the lips very tightly hus (house) short u like uin full,but not sotensely rounded lips as the long u hund (dog) longy noEnglish equivalent. Like the long i but with tightly rounded lips ny(new) short y noEnglish equivalent. Sounds like the short i but with rounded lips syster (sister) long a like the aw- sound in raw ga (go) short a like 0in Scot atta (eight) long a like the first vowel in the diphthong ea in bear ata (eat) shQrt a more open than the English e in set latt (easy) long ii no equivalent in English. The tongue is in the same position as fore but the lips are rounded and protruded siit (sweet) short ii like the u- sound in curt but shorter bOcker (books) - 5-SWEDISH m!ITheshort vowelsareoftenslightlymoreopenthanthelong vowels. This is most noticeable when an a or 0 is followedby an r. for example: Long vowels har (here) lara (teach) hOr (hear) dor (dies) Pronunciation exercises Short vowels hiirja (ravage) larde (taught) hOrde (heard) dorr(door) t!I Practisethevowelsoundsbyrepeatingthesewordsaloud.Youwill findit helpful tolisten to the examples onthe cassette first. Long vowelsShort vowels aKarinAnna MalinMagnus eErikPelle EvaSvensson iLisaNils BritaBirgitta 0OlaOlle MobergMollberg uRutUlla StureGunnar yTyraYvonne YstadYngve aAkeMarten AlandAngermanland. aParSame VanernVattern 0OlandBjorn SoderOnnestad Note:Somewordsspelt with 0are pronouncedwith an a- sound.for example: Mona Roland -6-Lotta Stockholm -v'+ amSWedish letter b e d f g g g h j k k PRONUNCIA TION Consonants Pronunciation like bin bad is found mainly in words offoreign origin. Asa rule. it represents the same sound as in the foreign word. Thus it is pronounced as s in front of the soft vowels (e.i. y.a. 0) but as Example bo (live) k in front of the hard vowels (a. o.u. A)cykel (bicycle). in stressed syllables. and alwayscancer (cancer). as k in front of kflicka (girl) approximately as in English. but with the tongue just behind the upper teethdam (lady) like finfirmfem (jive) like g in go in front of the hard vowelsgata (street). (a.o.u. It) or consonants in stressedgod (good). syllablesGud (God). ga (go). like jin front of the soft vowels (e.i. y.ii. 0)in stressed syllables like jfinally after I and r like hin hot like y in you like kin keepin front of the hard vowels (a, 0,U,Ii) or consonants in stressed syllables like ch in church in front of the soft vowels(e. i. y.ii. 0)in stressed syllables -7-gris (Pig) ge (give). gissa (guess). gyllene (golckn). gass (geese). gora (do.make) iilg (elk). berg (mountain) het (hot) ja (yes) kan (can). ko (cow). kunde (could). kAl (cabbage) klo (claw) kedja (chain). kind (cheek). kyss (kiss). kara (dear). kopa (buy) I m n p q r s t v w x z ng gn sk sk like I in leaf like m in me like nin no like p in plate like kin king SWEDISH is a rolled rmade with the tip of the tongue in central and northern Sweden, but in the south it is made liv (life) mor (mother) ny(new) plats (place) quiche (quiche) with the root of the tongue at the back of the mouthren (clean) like voiceless s in see. In Swedish s is never voiced as in measure is pronounced with the tongue just behind the upper teeth like v in very se (see) tand (tooth) vem (who) we (toilet) herr X (Mr }() like v in very.It only occurs in names and words of foreign origin like ks, never like gz as in example like voiceless s in see. It only occurs in names and words of foreign originzoo (zoo) like ng in ring, never like ngg as in England like ngn like sk in skate in front ofthe hard vowels (a, 0,U,A)or consonants in stressed syllables like sh in she in front of the soft vowels (e,i,y,ii,0)in stressed syllables ung(young) regn (rain) ska (sholl), sch, sj, skj, stj, sHon), tHon)like sh in she sko (shoe), skuIIe (should), sW (cheers), skriva (write) sked (spoon), skina (shine), skygg (shy), sklir (pink), skon (comfortoble) marsch (mnrch), sjo (lake), skjuta (shootI, stjiirna (star), passion - 8-(passion), station (stotion) --PRONUNCfA TlON like ch in Charles without the initialkjol (skirt), t- soundtjock (thick) kj, tj Note:d,g,h,Iaremute in frontof jat the beginning of wordsorin compoundwordswhenthese consonantsbelong tothesamesyllable: cljup (deep),gjort (done,made), bjul (wheel), Ijud (sound). kfollowedbynispronounced(unlikein English):kniv (knife),knii (knee). q,W,x,zonlyoccurinnamesandforeignwords.Thenqispro-nounced like a k,and Wis pronounced like a v.Qu ispronounced like kv,e.g.Qatar,we(toilet),Wennergren,Quist,Quinnan (inold textsorjokingly=woman).Xispronouncedlikeks,e.g.extra (extra), and z is pronounced like voiceless s, e.g.zebra (zebra). t is pronounced in nation (nation) and motion (exercise). I is mute in karl and viirld. rs is pronounced like sh in mash in central and northern Sweden, but notinthesouth,wherethe twolettersarepronouncedindividually, e.g.person (person). In rd, rt, rl, mtherisassimilatedwiththefollowingconsonant so thatthesearepronouncedalmostliketheirEnglishequivalentsin centralandnorthernSweden.However,inthesouththetwoletters arepronouncedindividually,e.g.hard(hard),svlirt(difficult), hiirlig (glorious),bam (child). Pronunciation exercise I:!mPractise the followingtongue-twisters.Pay particular attention to the factthat the same soundcan bespelt in severalways!Someof these sentencesfeatureontheaccompanyingcassetteand,if youhaveit, you will findthe practice very useful. bBarbros bror badade bara i Barseback. cCeciliacykladegenomcentralaCypernefier cigaretterochcit-roner. dDavid drack druvsaft och drog igang dragspelsmusiken. fFiffiga Fia friade till den fOrflirligeFredrik. gGerd gillade gyttjebadet efier gympan. Gustav grillade grisen i gryningen. hHelan och Halvan har hiilsats med heja-rop hela halva hOsten. jDet satt en arg iilg i julgranen i Giiteborg. -9-k I m n p q r s t v x z ng gn 1m sk sj stj skj tj SWEDISH Kerstin kisade kyligt mot kycklingen i Koping. Karin kramade den kluriga katten Katarina. Lasse linkade lamt langs Lunds lummiga alleer. Mats matade manga misstrogna musiker med miljovanlig medirin. Nisse nobbade nagra nattliga nojen med Nora. Pelle passade pa att prova pistolen pa papegojan. Quist diskvalificerade Quinnan. Rut rosade Rolfs rara renar. Sven svarade snallt nar Sixten skrek svordomar. Trofasta Tilda tackade tandlakaren nar han drag ut den trasiga tanden. Villdu veta var Vilhelm var i veckan? Xantippa spelade xylofonfdr Xerxes. Zigenaren Zakarias sag solen i zenit pa Nya Zeelands zoo. I England talar engelskoma engelska. Magnus vankade lugnt bakom vagnen i regnet. Knut knyt knuten! Knut knot knuten utan knot. Denskenheligachefenidenskaraskjortanspeladeskivomai den skona stjamklara skargardskvallen. Det ar skarn att skryta ochskravla i skolan. Sju sjuka sjukskoterskor skotte sju sjosjuka sjoman. Stjal inte stjaman! Jag gomde skjortoma i skjulet. Karringentjatade pa tjejenatt inte kyssadentjugonde kinesen pa kinden. Tjosan! Stress Swedishhassentencestress(thewordsthat aremostsignificantfor themeaningarestressed)andwordstress(differentsyllablesin stressed wordsare stressed). Wordstress.Thestressisnormallyonthefirstsyllableof every word. except inanumber of loanwordsfromother languageswhere there is nocompletelyreliablerule.A great manybynowfollowSwedishpro-nunciationrules,at least in part,but othersmayretainthestress on thesyllablethatcarriedthestressintheoriginallanguage.Thatis usually thecasewith wordsof French or Latin origin,e.g.restaurang (restaurant), novell (short story), museum (museum),studera (study). - 10-PRONUNC/A TION If awordbeginswiththeprefixesbe-,fiir-,ge-,thestressisonthe syllablefollowingtheseprefixes,e.g.betala(pay),fiirstd(under-stand), gedigen (solid). If a syllable other than the normal first syllable isstressed, the vowel in this syllable has been italicised in this book. Accent Swedish is a tone language, which means that more than onetonemay beusedin oneword.That iswhyitsoundsasif Swedesaresinging whentheyspeak.TherearetwosuchwordaccentsinSwedish:'sin-gle tone' (also called accent oneor acute accent) and 'double tone' (also called accent 2 or grave accent). Singletone,asinEnglish, isused in wordsof onesyllable.Note that evenwhenaone-syllablewordtakesanending,itkeepsitssingle tone accent, e.g.boll (ball) - bollen (theball),hund (dog)- hunden (the dog). Single toneis alsoused in many two-syllable words ending in -el,-en, -er,e.g.cykel (bicycle),vatten (water),vinter (winter),and inpre-sent tense verb formsending in -er, e.g.reser (travel). Doubletoneisusedinmostwordsof morethanonesyllableandin mostcompoundnouns,e.gflicka(girl),triidgard(garden),aswell asinverbformsendingin-a,-ar,-ade,-at,-ad,e.g.tala,talar, talade,talat,talad(speak,spoke,spoken).Inwordswithdouble tonethemainstressisonthefirstsyllable- afallingtone-,but there isalsoastrong secondary stressonthe secondsyllable - aris-ing tone, e.g.lampan (the lamp),spela (play). Single tone bil-Ien rfser Double tone

e;a The difference in tone isused to distinguish between words which are spelt the same way but mean different things, forexample: - 11-.'. "Gustav Vasa,the father of the country, wascrowned King of Sweden in 1523. (g)PeaceofWestphalia,SwedenrecognizedasaEuropean Great Power, in 1648. (h)Sweden loses Finland to Russia in 1809. (i)Sweden's last entry into war in 1814. (j)Universal suffrage in 1921. 8A British,an Americanand an Australian tourist havelosttheir passportsoverboardinaboatingaccident.Theymustfindtheir embassies to get new passports. Read out the addresses to them. Brittiska Ambassaden Skarpogatan 6-8 11527 STOCKHOLM (read: Postnummer etthundrafemtontjugosju) Telefon0816670140(read:Riktnummernollatta.Abonnent-nummer sex sex sju noll ett fyra noll) Amerikanska Ambassaden Strandvagen 101 115 27 STOCKHOLM Telefon 0816630520 Australiska Ambassaden Sergels torg 12 103 86 STOCKHOLM Telefon 0816244660 Forstar du? Sverigeiir ett langt ochsmalt land,somalia geografibockertalar om fOross.Det ar nastan 1000 engelBkamilIangt fagelvagen,men omdu kor bil far du kora 1250 engelBka mil, ener 200 svenska mil! Bara 8,7miljonermanniskor bor i Sverige,menlandet ar tva och en halv ganger sa stort somStorbritannien.Halva landet iir tackt avskog.Det finnsocksa100000sjoar,hOgaberg,storaalvar och bordigaslatter dar.85%av befolkningen bor i sodra ochmellersta Sverige,sa omduAkerupptillNorrlandfar du inte Besa manga ml!nniskor - du far kanske se flera renar an manniskor! - 80--WHI::.NUUI::.SfHI::.f:jANKUfJI::.N!' smalnarrow land (081,lander)country 10mas geograflbockergeography books ..aromtell nAstanalmost Mgelyigenasthebirdsfly om dukor b/lif youdrive en syensk mila Swedish mile (= c.6Englishmites) en milJona million gAngertimes sA ... somas... as StorbritannienGreat Britain Alitt eller fel? tilckt aycovered with skog (-en, -ar)forest det tinnsthereis,there are sjo (-n, oar)lake berg (-et, -0)mountain illy (-en, -ar)river (Scandinavian large river) bordigfertile slii" (-en, -er)plain sodrasouthern mellerstacentral Norrlandthename giventothe northern haft of Sweden ren(-en, -ar)reindeer (a)Storbritannien ar tva och en halv ganger sa stort somSverige. (b)Hela landet ar tackt av skog. (c)Bara 15% befolkningen bor i Norrland. - 81-I iii :16 HURMYCKET KOSTARDET? Howmuch is it? /n this unit you will/earn how to ask forthings in shops how toaccept offers in shops howto decline offers in shops

121 Samtal Ulla and Jane are going shopping. filaJag maste kila in pa matavdelningen pa varuhuset och handla lite mat. JaneVad ska du kopa? filaBarafarskvaror.Kottochfiskhar viifrysen.Jaghar gjort upp en lista.VibehOver3 liter mjolk,broo,112kg smor, en bit ost ochett dussin agg.Gronsaker och frukt koper jag pa torget fordar ar allting farskare och billigare. JaneHinner vititta pa klMer ochannat ocksa? Jag viIIgama kopa nagot svenskt att ta med mig hem. filaJavisst, det gar bra. - 82--HOWMUCHISIT? in (-en, oar)food hall (..el,-0)department store go shopping,buy buy only kilo (-I,-en))kilo ;U flniPmade ..... _rneed etl halvt kilohalf a kilo bit (-en, oar)piece dussin (-el, -0)dozen frukt (-en, -er)fruit siltingeverything farskarefresher billigarecheaper hinner vi?will we have time? IIUalook ..... (-n, -0)litre br6d (-el, -0)bread kliider (plural)clothes annatother things I At the market. Samtal II U1Ia Fiirsliljaren U1Ia Fiirsliljaren una Forsliljaren una Forsiiljaren una Fiirsiiljaren Ulla Fiirsiiljaren Ulla Fiirsiiljaren Vad kostar tomatema? 26 kronor kilot. Det var dyrt.Da tar jag bara ett halvt kilo.Kan jag fa en bunt morotter ocksa och den dar gurkan? Varsagod. PotatisbehOvervimed.2kg,tack,ochlitedilloch persilja, och ett stort salladshuvud. Ska detinte vara liteblabiir?Dear sa finaidag,och de kostar bara 12 kronor litem. Jo,tack,detvarbilligt.Jagtarettparliter.Hur mycket kostar blomkalen? 20 kronor styck. Nej,tack.Detvar fordyrt.Menlitefruktmaste jag ha.8 stycken applen och4 stora paron, tack. Var det alit? Ja, tack, nu racker det. Det blir 90 kronor jamnt. Varsagod, det ar jamna pengar. Tack sa mycket. how much are? tamat (-en, -er)tomatoes forsiiljare (-n,-0)market-trader kan jag fa?may I have? gurk/a (-an, -or)cucumber potatis (-en,l-arl)potato per.ilia (-n)parsley .allad.hLNud (-el, -en)lenuce bunl (-en, oar)bunch(lit.head of lettuce) morat (-en, mOfatter)carrot - 83-SWEDISH ska det Inte v.a?wouldn't you (lit.per piece) like? bl6bir (-81, -0)bilberry jag larI'll have (lit.I take) ett para couple of for d)11too expensive apple (-I, on)apple piron (-81, -0)pear var det alit?wasthat all? det rlckerthat is enough jlmnlexactly blomk61 (-8n,blomk6lshuvuden) cauliflower styck (plural stycken)each llmna pangarthe right amount Ratt eller fel? (a)Jane viII kopa nagot svenskt. (b)Ulla koper kott pa torget. (e)En liter tomater kostar 26 kronor. (d)Ulla far ingen vaxel av rorsiiijaren. ~ - - - -Samtal UllaandJane gototheclothesdepartment.Ullawantstochangea T-shirt which Lasse got for his birthday. illlaKan jag fabyta denhartrojan?Denvar forliten.Jag villha en storre storlek. Har ar kvittot. ExpeditenNastastorlekartyviirrsluts8.ld.Villnihapengarna tillbaka eller viIIni ha nagot annat? mla Expediten mla Jane Expediten Jane mla Jane Expediten Jane Har ni inga andra trojor i en storre storlek? Jovisst. Vihar manga olika sorter. Vilken tror du blir bast? Dendiirblirsakertbra.Jagskaocksahanagra strumpbyxor och ett par svenska traskor. De finns pa Damavdelningen. Jag skulle ocksa vilja ha en sMan dar fillkofta somdu har. Var den dyr? Ja, men det ar bra kvalitet.Det iir helylle.Den kan du kopa pa HemsWjden. Hur mycket kostar den dar koftan med det vackra mon-stret? Denkostar 750 kronor. Vill ni prova den? Ja, tack. -84-.. HOWMUCHISIT? Den ar forstor.Har ni nagon mindre? Ja, men det blir ett annat monster. Den koftan k1ar dig verkligen. Och den passar perfekt. Jag tar den.Kanjag fa ett Moms-kvitto, tack! Varsagod. T-shirt which nl!igon (nl!igot, nl!igra)some,any slkertsurely strumpbyxortights ett para pair triskorclogs damavdelningenladies' wear koftla (-an, -or)cardigan kvalilet (-en, -er)quality helyllepure wool monster (monstret, monster) pattern provatry on mlndresmaller kllrsuits passarfits perfeklperfect Moms-kvitto (-t,-n)VAT receipt RAtt eller fel? (a)Lasses troja var forstor. (b)mla far inte byta trojan. (e)Jane koper en helyllekofta. Vadni behover veta Shopping Shopsareusuallyopenfrom9a.m.to6p.m.exceptonSaturdays, Whenthey closeat sometime between1 p.m.and 3 p.m.Large stores oftenhavealateeveningopening,andanumberareopenon Sundays. Meat,vegetablesandfruitareboughtbythekilo(kg)inSweden. - 85-SWEDISH Sandwich meat and less weighty things are sold bythe hekto, abbre_ viated tohg (hectogramme).Milk and liquids(and sometimesberries and soft fruit) are sold by the litre, and so is petrol. lib=453g 1 hg=31/2oz 1 kg=2.21bs 1 liter=13/, pints 1 E.mile=1.6 km 1 Sw.mil=10 km (c.6 English miles) Moms SwedespayataxcalledMoms(VAT)onmostgoodsthattourists may wanttobuy,but foreignerscangetthat refundedat thedepar-tureportif theyaskforaMomskvittoatthetimeofpurchasein shopsdisplayingtheusualTax-freesign.Thegoodsmustbebought notmorethan aweekbeforedeparture.It iswellworththetrouble, as Moms isquite high. Sahar sager man How to: ask forthings in shops Har ni nagon/nagot/nagra ...? Kan jag fa lite ... ? Jag skulle vilja ha .. . Jag ska be att fa... ? Skulle jag kunna fa... ? say what you want Have you got any . .. ? Can I have some.. .? Iwould like tohave . .. May Ihave ... ? Could Ihave. . .? Jag tar den/det/dem.I'll take it/them. Ja, tack,det iir bra.Yes,please,it's good. say that you don't want something Nej,tack, det iir fordyrt.No,that's tooexpensive. Nej,den passar inte.No,it doesn't fitme. Det iir inte vad jag viIIha.It isn't what Iwant. Den iir forstor.It'stoobig. Den iir forliten.It'stoosmall. - 86-~ "'1" HOWMUCHISIT? Jag tycker inte om den. Jag har inte rad med det. Det iir bast attjag viintar. I don't like it. '-'> ask forinformation Hur mycket kostar den/det/de? Vad kostar den/det/de? Hur mycket viii ni ha? Racker det? Nltgot annat? Var det alIt? Det blir 20 kronor jiimnt. Det iir jiimna pengar. Kan jag faett kvitto? Kan jag betala med pundldollar? Kan jag betala med kreditkort? Varsagod. I can't afford it. I had better wait. Howmuch is it/are they? Howmuch is it/are they? Howmuch would you like? Is that enough? Anything else? Wasthat all? That is 20 (SEK) exactly. That is the right amount. Can I have a receipt? Can I pay in sterling/dollars? Can I pay by credit card? Here you are. B---Grammatik -----.. 1'Of'in quantity or measurement expressions TheEnglishpreposition of hasnoeqnivalent inSwedish after words denotingquantity ormeasurement.Notealsothat Swedishusesthe singnlar form of the measurement terms. en halv liter fi1half a litre ofyoghurt tre liter mjolkthree litres of milk fyra hekto ostfour hectogrammes of cheese rem kilo potatisfivekilos of potatoes t i ~kilometerten kilometers hundraattio milhundred and eighty Swedish miles 2Halv,halvt, halva HaIvisanadjectiveandassuchittakesadjectiveendingswhich - 87-SWEDISH have to agree with the noun that halv refers to.Pay particular atten_ tion to the word order. en halv manad ett halvt ar halva manaden tva och en halv manad haifa month haifa year half the month two and ahalf months Inthe last example youshould noticethat, unlike in English,anoun following en halv is in the singular even if it is preceded by a word in the plural. Note that in compound nouns the basic form halv- isused: en halvtimmehalf an hour ett halvarhalf a year 3Comparison of adjectives Ai;in English, most adjectives are compared with endings, for example: billig, billigare, billigastcheap, cheaper, cheapest ffirsk,farskare, farskastfresh,fresher,freshest Theformthatdenotesthehigherdegreeiscalledthecomparative (here:billigare),andtheformthatdenotesthehighestdegreeis called the superlative (here: billigast). However,adjectivesthat end in -er,-eJand -en dropthe ewhen the endings -are and -ast are added: vacker, vackrare, vackrastbeautiful enkel, enklare, enklastsimple mogen, mognare, mognastripe,mature Some adjectives are compared with mer and mest instead of endings, just as moreand most is used inEnglish.In Swedish, adjectives that end in -isk, present and past participles and very long adjectives form the comparative and superlative with mer and mest, for example: Han ar mer praktisk an Ake.She is more practical than Ake. De mest intresserade eleverna.Themost interested pupils. Det ar mer meningsfullt.That is more meaningful. More about the present and past participles in Units 13and 16. -88-~ HOWMUCHISIT? ()ertainadjectiveshaveirregularformsinthecomparativeandthe B1Jperlative.Theyareverycommonadjectives,soyouwillseethem Bloreoftenthantheregularadjectives.Youhavealreadymet these adjectives - here are their comparatives and superlatives: bra/godbiittrebastgoodbetterbest storsWrresWrstlargelargerlargest hiightigrehtigsthighhigherhighest litenmindreminstsmallsmallersmallest lAnglangrelangstlonglongerlongest lAglagrelagstlowlowerlowest mycketmerlamestmuchmoremost mAngaflerlaflestmanymoremost ungyngreyngstyoungyoungeryoungest gammalaldreiildstoldolderoldest Please note that more and most must betranslated into Swedish with fJerla and nest if you can count the noun that it refers to,for example: Det finnsflera pojkar an flickor i klassen. but Jag viIIha mera te, tack. There are more boys than girls in the class. Iwould like more tea, please. The adjective dailig has two comparative and superlative forms: daJig daJig samresarnst varreviirst bad bad worse worse worst worst Note that siimre means less of a good property (e.g.health) but viirre means more of a bad property (e.g.bad behaviour). Thecomparativenevertakesany endings,either in theindefinite or the definite form,singular or plural. en battre bilett battre hus den battre bilendet battre huset manga battre bilarlhus de battre bilarnalhusen However,thesuperlativedoestakeendingsinthedefiniteform. Superlatives ending in -ast add an -e.Superlatives ending in -st add an -8 (or -e if referring to amale in the singular), for example: den finastebilendet finaste husetde finaste bilarnalhusen den basta bilendet basta husetde basta bilarnalhusen TheadjectiveIitenhasanextraform,lilla,whichisusedinthe - 89-SWEDISH definiteformsingular,andalsowhenaddressingpeople,Usually whereEnglishpeoplewouldusedear.Sometimeslilleisusedwhen addressing boys.It also has a special form in the plural, sma. en Jiten bi!ett litet husmfmga sma pojkar den lilla bilendet lilla husetdesma pojkarna Lilla Ingela!Lille Lasse! 4N6gon - ingen - annan - sMan - hel - all Thesewordscanbeused either together withanoun(inwhichcase theyareadjectives)orindependentof anynoun(inwhichcasethey arepronouns).Theytakeendingswhichare similar totheadjective endings.Theformsof the wordsare identical whether they are adjec-tives or pronouns, forexample: some / anymi.gonbil noingen bil another / otheren annan bi! suchen sMan bi! wholeen hel vecka allall mjolk nagot hus inget hus ett annat hus ett sadant hus ett helt ar allt salt nagra pojkar inga pojkar andra pojkar sadana pojkar hela dagar alla flickor In the following examples they are used as pronouns: Nagon spelar piano.Somebody is playing the piano. Ingen vill ha den.Nobodywants it. Andra sager nagot annat.Others say something else. En si'tdan villjag ha.I want one like that. Notealsothepronounsnagonting(some/any/thing),ingenting (nothing),allting(everything),aswellasnagonstans(some/any/ where) and ingenstans (nowhere). Ingen/inget/ingacanonlybeusedinsteadofintenagon/inte nagot/intenagrawhenthewordsinteandnagonetc.standto-gether, for example: Han har inte nagra pengar = Han har inga pengar. but Han sa att han inte hade nagra pengar. Thismeansthatingen/inget/ingacannotbeusedinsubordinate - 90-.. HOWMUCHISIT? orinmainclauseswithmorethanoneverb,becauseof the rulesgoverningthepositionofinteinSwedish.(SeeUnits 18.) . 5Ett par (a pair ot/a couple ot) 'DIe Swedish ett par corresponds both to a pair of and a couple of, for ePlDple: ett par skor ett par byxor ett par liter blabar ett par viinner a pair of shoes a pair of trousers a couple of litres of bilberries a couple of friends Note: A pair of scissors is en sax. 6This,these,that and those These wordsare called demonstrative adjectives when they precede a noun, but they can also be used as pronouns if they replace anoun.In Swedish they have different formsdepending on the gender and num-ber ofthe noun that they refer to or replace. En- wordsEtt- wordsPlural forms den har (this) den dar (that) den (stressed the) det har (this) det dar (that) det (stressed the) de har (these) dedar (those) de(stressed the) Whenthesewordsareusedasadjectives(i.e.whentheyprecedea noun) the following noun must take the definite form: den har gatandet har husetde har gatorna den dar pennandet dar passetde dar blommorna den gatandet husetde blommorna Therearealsothedemonstrativesdenna/detta/deBsabut theyare mainlyusedinwrittenlanguage.Anounfollowingthesewords shouldbein the indefinite form,forexample:denna bok, detta ar, dessa manniskor. - 91-SWEDISH 7Styck, stycken Thisisatennwidelyusedwhenshoppingandintheimportand exporttrade.There isnoEnglishequivalent.Hereit meansof the", butitcorrespondsmorecommonlytoapiece,eachorperu n i t ~fo; example: Citronerna kostar 2 kronor styek.Thelemons cost 2 kr each. Kanjag fatre (styeken)Can I have three chops,please? kotletter? In the last example stycken isbest left untranslated. Youdon't have to use it, but you may hear it fromtime to time. 8Plural forms of Swedish nouns Fourthdeclensionnounstake-nintheplural.Thisisbyfarthe smallestdeclension,asonlyaround4%of Swedishnounsbelongto this category.They are easily recognisable,asthey are allett- words and all end in an unstressed vowel,usually -e, forexample: ett appletva applen ett yrketva yrken ett kvittotva kvitton Othernounsbelongingtothisdeclensionare:ansikte([ace), frimiirke(stamp),ore,kilo,konto,orhiinge(earring),staIle (place),minne (memory,souvenir), hjiirta (heart). Oneimportantgroupofnounsbelongingtothisdeclensionarethe nounsendingin-andeor-endewhichdonotdenotepeople,for example: ett leendetva leendensmile ett fdrsvinnandetva fdrsvinnandendisappearance There are also three irregular nouns: ett liga ett lira ett huvud tva ligon tva orOD tva huvuden - 92-eye ear head ,. . ~ ,k: .... II HOWMUCHISIT? Ovningar Ask politely for the followingthings in a shop. (a)1 litre of milk. (b)1f2litre of yoghurt. (c)1/2kilo of butter. (d)11/2dozen eggs. (e)2 loaves of bread. (j)3 kilosof potatoes. (g)1/4 kiloof coffee (h)2 hg of ham. (i)1 tin of anchovies. (j)a couple of apples. limpla (-an, -or)loaf lot bread)burk (-en, oar)tin ett kvarts kiloa quarter of a kiloansjovis (-en, -ar)anchovies skinkla (-an, -or)ham Fill in the missing words as indicated. (a)(Heatehalf asandwichand drankhalf abottleof redwine in half anhour.)Hanat ....... smlirgasochdrack...... . flaska roovin pa ...... ,. (b)(Sheatehalf anappleand drankhalf acupof coffeeinhalf the time.) Honat ....... apple ochdrack ....... kopp kaffe pa .. "... tiden. (c)(Theysaved half the salary sothat they could gotoSpain for half ayear.)Desparade....... llinensaattdeskulle kunna aka till Spanien under. . . . . ... (d)(Halfof Swedeniscoveredbyforest.)....... Sverigear tackt av skog. 3AnswerthequestionsinSwedishasfullyaspossible.Usethe comparative fonnsof the adjectives. Example: Vilkenbil ar bast, en Mini eller en Rolls Royce? En RollsRoycear battre an en Mini. (a)Vernar stlirst,Lasse eller Ake? (b)Vilken ar billigast, Lasses trlija eller Janes kofta? (c)Vilken bil ar dyrast, en Mini eller en RollsRoyce? - 93-SWEDISH (d)Vilket berg iir hOgst,Ben Nevis eller Mount Everest? (e)Vilken stad iir minst, London eller Stockholm? (j)Vilket land har fiest invanare, England eller Sverige? 4Fillinthecorrectformoftheadjective!iteninthefollowing sentences. (a)Flickan iir . . .(j)Staden iir .. . (b)Aftliren iir. . .(g)Landet iir .. . (e)Hjiirtat iir . . .(h)Huvudet iir .. . (d)Gatorna iir . . .(i)Ogonen iir .. . (e)Applet iir . . .(j)Sjon iir ... Den ....... fiickan fran den ....... staden i det ....... landet. 5Answer the questions as in the example: Example:Har du nagon penna? - Nej, jag har ingen penna. (a)Har du nagon bil? (b)Har du migot sacker? (e)Har du haft m'gon TV? (d)Har du nagra bocker? (e)Har du haft nagot hus? (j)Har du nagon fru? (g)Har du migra barn? 6Insert the correct demonstrative adjectives in the sentences below. (a)AndersochUllabar i(this)....... huset pa (this)...... . gatan i (this) ....... staden i (this) ....... landet. (b)JohnviIIbjuda(that).......flickanpa(that)...... . kafeet efter (that) ....... bion. (c)(Those)....... biobiljetternaiirintesadyrasam(these) ....... operabiljetterna. 7Insert the correct plural formsof the missing nouns.Choose from thefollowingnouns:ansikte,frimiirke,bjiirta,konto,yrke, apple, oga, ora. (a)Janus hade tva ...... . (b)Robert maste kopa ...... . (e)Nagra miinniskor har tva ....... pa banken. (d)Manga kvinnor har tva ...... . (e)Ulla koper ....... pa torget. (j)Du har ett par ....... och ett par ...... . (g)St. Valentine's day kallas Alia .......-s Dag i Sverige. - 94-I ..... 8 HOWMUCHISIT? Studythepicturesof theclothesandthepricesonpage96,and the table below.Use them when answering the questions. (a)WhenyouarriveatArlandaairportinStockholmyoufind thatyoursuitcasehastravelledontoHelsinki.Theairline givesyou1000kronortobuysomeessentialclothesuntil thesuitcasehasbeenreturnedtoyou.It isexpectedtomor-rowmorning.Youwere very hotduring the daybut nowyou feelcold.What would youspend the money onand howmuch will it cost? (b)HelpateenagerfromEnglandwhodoesn'tknowany Swedish to buy anew outfit.Hehas 500kronor to spend. (e)Buy something niceforyour sister's birthday. Youcanafford tospend 250kronor.She likes jewellery. (d)Describetheclothesyouarewearingtoday,andcounthow much you have spent onthem! damklader (ladies' wear) klanning(-en.-ar)dress 2blus(-en.-ar)blouse 3kjol(-en.-ar)skirt 4kapp/a (-an.-or)coat 5nattlinne(-t,-n)nightdress 6baddrakt(-en,-er)swimsuit 7jumper (-n,jumprar)jumper underklader (underwear) 8beha (-n,oar)bra 9underklanning(-en,-ar)slip 10ett par trosorbriefs 11ett par strumpbyxortights smycken(jewellery) 12halsband(-et.-0)necklace 13armband(-et,-0)bracelet 14orhange(-t,-n)earrings bade damer ochherrar (unisex) 15ett par jeansjeans 16ett par skorshoes 17ett par sockorsocks 18ett par handskargloves 19ett par kangorboots 20ett par st6vlarwellingtons 21T-shirtT-shirt 22pyjamas(-en,-0)pyjamas 23jackla (-an,-or)jacket 24hatt (-en,-ar)hat 25moss/a(-an,-or)cap 26nasduk (-en,oar)harokerd7ief herrklader (men's wear) 27kostym(-en,-er)suit 28skjort/a (-an,-or)shirt 29e11par byxortrousers 30rock(-en,-ar)overcoat 31kavaj(-en,-er)jacket 32slips(-en,oar)tie 33troj/a (-an,-or)sweater underklader (underwear) 34undertroj/a(-an.-or)vest 35ett par kalsongerpants 95--SWEDISH - 96-.., HOWMUCHISIT? Youareoutshoppingwithafriend.Completeyourpartsof the dialogue. You Ingrid You Ingrid You Ingrid You Ingrid You (Say you must buy something tobring back home.) Svenskt glas ar varldsberomt. ViIIdu titta pa det? (SayYes,but you can probably not afford it.) Alit ar inte dyrt. Titta pa dendar lilla kristallskalen! (Sayitiswonderfullybeautiful,butunfortunatelyyou haven't got that much money left.) De dar sma djuren i glas ar fantastiskt fina. (SayYes,you'llbuysuchanelk.Itwillbea goodsou venir of Sweden.) Endalahastmasteduocksaha.Definnsialiastor-lekar.DalahastenarSverigesturistsouvenirnummer ett. (SayYes,of course,Imust have one like that.) glas (-et, -0)glassware vilrldsberCimtworld famous kristailskAI(-en, -ar)crystal bowl underbartwonderfully fantastisktfantastically olg (-en, oar)elk minne (-t, -n)souvenir dalahast (-en, -ar)Dalahorse nummer (numret, nummer) number kvarleft djur (-el, -0)animal ifli------ ..M>Forstar du? ~ ~ ~ . .. Om pengar inte ar nagot problem sa ar det ett sant nojeatt handla i Sverige.Det mesta ar vanligtvis avhog kvalitet ochutsokt smak. Enkelhetarvadsomkarakteriserarsvenskstil.Aliakoper svenskt glas.Orrefors, Kosta,Boda oehMaJeras ar nagra glasbruk 80markandaihelavarlden.Mangaavdekonstnarersomhar arbetatocharbetardarharblivitvarldsberomda,t.ex.Simon Gate,EdwardHald,Berti!Vallien,MatsJonassonochmanga flera.Menalit ar inte dyrt.Omdu ser ordet REA i ett skyltfdnster betyderdetattdetarrealisationochdasaljerafflirenm/mga saker billigare, ofta till halva priset eller mindre.Detsamma galler ordet Extrapris eller Nedsatt pris. Dol.kan du gora manga fYnd. - 97-II I problem (-aI,-0)problem sann (sant, sanna)true,real nole (-I,on)pleasure vanligtvisusually utsoktexquisite smak (-en, .r)taste enkelhel (-en)simplicity karakteriserarcharacterises sill (-en, oar)style glasbruk (-aI,-0)glassworl:;?J' -::.', fl._ l f ~ HAVEYOUEVERDRIVENONTHERIGHT? (a)Hur stor ar skillnaden(thedifference)i temperatur meHande nordligaste ochsydligaste delarna avSverige mitt pa dagen? (b)Hur stor ar den maximala skillnaden i temperatur pa kvaHen. (c)Vilken stad har mest solsken denhar januaridagen? (d)Vadfar slags(What sort o{Jvader ar det i Stockholm? (e)Beskriv vadret i Goteborg. ({JVar snoar det pa dagen? (g)I vilken delavSverige ar det kaHast pa kvallen? [ alternatingomvaxlande ----- ForsUtr du? -----Franmidnattssoltillmidvintermorker Sverigeligger hOgtuppei norr.Sydspetsen ligger pa samma bredd-gradsamAlaska,EdinburghochMoskva.Polcirkelngargenom Lappland,detnordligastelandskapet.N orrompolcirkelnar solen uppe hela dygnet under nagra veckor i juni och juli ochdet blir inte riktigt morkt pa fleramanader. Diirfar kallas norra Sverige ofta fOr Midnattssolensland.Menunderdemorkastevintermanaderna visarsolensiginteailsovanfarpolcirkeln,avenommanharlite Ijus mitt pa dagen aven dar. Svenskarnaklagaroftapasittklimat,mendetarfaktisktfarva-nansviirtbra.Tack yare Golfstrommenar klimatet mycket mildare anpaandraplatsersamliggerlikalangtnorrut,fastnaturligtvis varierar klimatet mycketmellandenorra ochdesodra delarna.Pa sommarenardagarnalangamedmycketsolsken- enligtstatis-tiken har en avSveriges regnigaste stader, Goteborg, en timme mer solskenomaretanParis!- ochdetregnarmycketmindreani Storbritannien. Nederborden i Stockholm i formav regn eHer sno ar i medeltal539mm omaret,menbara 442mmi Karesuando i nOIT. Men vintern ar kall - mycket kall i norr - ochlang.Fast solen skin-eroftapavintern ocksa.Omman rorsig samarkermaninte kylan utomhussamycket.Ochnaturligtvisharmancentralvarme,sa inomhus behOver man inte frysa. - 143 III midnaHssoi (-en)Midnight sun midvintermorkerMidwinter darkness klimat (-et, -0)climate sydspetsenthe southernmost point breddgrad (-en, -er)latitude MoskvaMoscow polcirkelnthe Arctic circle landskap (-et, -0)province dygn (-et, -0)the 24hour day riktigtreally,properly morkdark visa sigappear inte ailsnot at all ovanforabove klagar pacomplain about faktisktactually forvanansvartsurprisingly GolfstrommentheGulf Stream mildmild Ri:itt eller tel? SWEDISH plats (-en, -er)place lika langtasfar naturligtvisof course,naturally varierarvaries del (-en, -ar)part enligtaccording to the statistics regnlgrainy om aretper year StorbritannienGreat Britain nederb6rd (-en)precipitation. rainfall i form avinthe state of imedeltalon average ror sigkeeps moving markernotices kyla (-n)cold utomhusoutdoors centralvarme (-n)central heating frysabe/feel cold inomhusindoors (a)Sodra Sverige ligger pa samma breddgrad sam A1askassydspets. (b)Polcirkeln gar mitt igenom centrala Sverige. (c)Det ar ofta solsken pa vintem i Sverige. (d)Klimatetvarierar mycketmellandesodra ochnorra delama av Sverige. -144-1.. ., Y

I 10 MIDSOMMARI DALARNA Midsummer in Dalecarlia /n this unit you will/earn how tosay where you/others come fromand what languages you speak how to express ability and inability howto request others to dosomething and offer assistance how to tell others not to do something Samtal Akeand John discuss where to stay the night. heDet var tur att vi tog med ass taltet ochsovsackama. Kerstin harringtruntochdetfinnsinteettendarumatthyra nagonstans.Aliahotellochstugbyararfullaovermidsom-mar och vandrarhemmet och campingplatsen ar ocksa fulla. John he Om campingplatsen ar fullkan vi val inte talta? Joda.ISverigefarmanlovattsMuppett taltennattvar sam heist utom nara nagon annans hus.MenKerstins forald-rar har sagt att vi garna far talta pa deras tomt. JohnDet var bra. -145 -~ det var turit was lucky tog med assbrought liill (-el, -0)tent sovsAck (-en, ~ a r )sleeping bag rlng/8 (oo8r,-de, -t)ring endasingle rum (-met, -0)room hyr/a (hyr -de, -I)rent "6gonstansanywhere, somewhere lullfull Ratt eller fel? SWEDISH man 'lir lov atlone is allowed to 016upp en Iililpitch a tent var som heistanywhere nstt (-en,nAtter)night utomexcept n6gon annanssomebody else's har sagthave said Uiltla (-8r,-ade, -at)camp tomt (-en, -er)private plot de. var brathat's nice (a)Ake oeb John har inte tagit med sig nagot talt. (b)Det finnsinte ett enda rum att hyra over midsommar. (c)AliafartaltaennattvarsomheistiSverigeutomniiranagon annans hus. (d) Ake oeh John far tiilta pa Kerstins faraldrars tomt. :c---- Samtal Kerstin introduces Akeand John to her relatives. KerstinAke och John,kom och hiilsa pa vara sliiktingar frao Amerika,fasterLisaochfarbrorSam.Ochdethar iirminakusiner,KarinochMartin.Detalarocksa Ake FarbrorSam Faster Lisa Kusinerna svenska. Goddag. Goddag, goddag. Roligt att traffas. Hej, hej. They shake hands. John Karin Hur har ni lart er svenska? Viharalltidtalatsvenskahemma.Varfarfarsfar komtillMinnesota islutetpa1800-talet.Darfinns detmaogasvenskamerikanersomfortfarandetalar svenskaochlasersvenskatidningar.Mammaar fOddiSverige.HonkomtillUSAfaratthalsapa -146-, .. , ~ MIDSUMMERINDALECARLIA slaktingaroehdaforalskadepappasigihenne.De forlovadesig samma ar oehnasta ar giftedesig.Jag har varit iSverige fleraganger,men det har ar fors-ta g{mgen jag firar midsommar i Sverige. KerstinVarsnailoehhjalpossattklamajstimgenIKarin, villduvara snailoehploekablommorpaangen!Ni pojkarfarhiimtabjorkkvistar,mennifarinte bryta kvistarfranlevandetradutanforvartomt.Kran-sarna har viredan bundit, men alla maste hjalpa till allresamajstimgen.Detharkommitmyeketfolk franmimgalandersomvillvaramedoehdansa kring majstangen i kvall. h8lsa pagreet.say 'how do you do' to slakting (-en,-ar)relative faster (-n, fastrar)(lit.fars syster) aunt (father's sister) farbror (-n, farbroder)(lit.fars bror) uncfe (father's brother) kusin (-en,-er)cousin lar/a (Iar, -de,-t) siglearn kurs (-en, -er)course,class hemmaat home farfarsfargreat-grandfather i slutet pSiat theend of fortfarandestill las/a(-er,-te, -t)read tidning (-en, -ar)newspaper ar foddwas born hal sa po}visit foralska sig ifall inlovewith Rau eller fel? fori ova sigget engaged gifta sigget married flera gangerseveral times forsta gangenthefirst time fir/a (-ar, -ade, -at)celebrate kla majstangendecorate the maypole ang (-en,oar)meadow hamVa (-ar,-ade, -at)fetch bjorkkvist (-en,oar)birch branch brytla (-er,brot, brutit)break off levandeliving,growing krans (-en, -ar)wreath har bundithave made hjiilpa Whelp with res/a(-er,-te, -I)erect folk (-01,-0)people vara medtake part kringaround (a) (b) (c) (d) Kerstin ber Ake oeh John all hiilsa pa faster Lisa oeh farbror Sam. Faster Lisa ar foddi Minnesota. Ake oeh John far bryta kvistar till majstangen var somheist. BadesvenskaroehutlanningarakertillDalarnaforattfira midsommar dar. 147 SWEDfSH ----Vadnibehover veta MidsommarTheMidsummer celebrationsareaboutthereturn of summer.At thistimeit isonlydarkforafewhoursinthesouth of Sweden,andabovetheArcticcirclethesundoesn'tsetatall- the Midnight sun shines both day and night.Most people try to leavethe city and go out into the countryside,where they dancearound amay-pole, an old fertility symbol. Midsummer Eve used to be celebrated on the 23rd of June, but it was decided that it should be celebrated on the Friday that comes nearest to June 24th in order to give people along weekend. ----sa har sager man ----Row to: give factual information Farbror Sam kommer Ihm Amerika. Mamma iir foddi Sverige. express ability and inability De talar svenska. Ron kan spanska ocksa. Ake kan spela gitarr. Ran kan inte spela fotboll. offer assistance ViviII giirna hjiilpa er. tell others not to dosomething Du far inte tiilta nara nagons hus. Ni far inte bryta kvistar fran levande triid. UncleSam comes from America. Mum was born in Sweden. They speak Swedish. She knows Spanish,too. Ake can play the guitar. Hecannot play football. We'llbe glad to help you. Youmustn't camp closeto someone's house. Youmustn't break off branches from growing trees. -148-~ MfDSUMMERINDALECARLIA Grammatik -----1Verbs: present perfect and pluperfect tense In English the past participle has three functions: to form the present perfect and the pluperfect tense to form the passive voice it can also beused as an adjective. Swedish usesaspecial verb form,thesupine, where English uses the past participle,after har toformthe present perfect andafter hade toformthepluperfecttense.Thesupinealwaysendsintandit never changes. It is only used in this position. Thesupineisformedbyaddingat tothestemof firstconjugation verbs, but only t isadded tothe stem of both groupsof second conju-gationverbs.Inthethirdconjugationttisadded,andthestrong verbsnormallyformsupinebyaddingittothestem(withvowel change,if applicable).Thestrong verbsare dealt with in moredetail in Unit 11. Present perfect tensePluperfect tense Conj. Ihar talathave spokenhade talathad spoken Conj. IIahar riogthas runghade ringthad rung har glOmthas forgottenhade gliimthad forgotten har kiinthas knownhade kiinthad known Conj.IIbhar resthas travelledhade resthad travelled Conj.IIIharbotthas livedhade botthad lived Conj.IVhar varithas beenhade varithad been har tagithas takenhade tagithad taken har kommithas comehade kommithad come harbundithas boundhade bundithad bound Note that the clauses in asentence should have the same time, either present or past time.If twothings happen simultaneously or directly after each other, you should use the same tense in both clauses. -149 -SWEDISH 2Man, en, ens Man isaverycommonpronouninSwedish.It canbeusedtomean one,you,they,peopleorwe.It isusedwhenyouarenotthinking of any particular personor when youaretalking about something that concerns everybody, forexample: Man far lovatt plocka bar var sam heist i Sverige. One is allowed to pick berries anywhere in Sweden. Theobject formis en (see grammar point 9 in this unit forthe reflex-iveform),and the possessive fonn is ens: Man vet inte alltid vad ensYoudon't always know what vanner tycker am en.your friendsthink ofyou. 3Full, fullt, fulla Becareful when using the adjective full.Nonnally it means full,as in hotellet var fullt (thehotelwas fullybooked)or det var fullt med folk irummet (theraomwas fullof people),but if used about people it means drunk: Han var fullig,k 4Var som heist Note the common expressions: var sam heist vern sam heist nar sam heist vad sam heist hur sam heist migon sam heist ingen sam heist vilken sam heist 5Siakt, slakting Hewas drunk yesterday. anywhere,wherever anybody,whoever at any time,whenever anything,whatever in any way, just anyhow anybody,any whatsoever none whatsoever whichever,whoever,anyone 8Hikt means extended familyand sliiktinglar means relativels.From Swedishwordsforrelativesyoucantellpreciselyhowpeopleare related, as is obvious fromthe family tree on the next page. -150-1 . ~ ; ' $ ~ MIDSUMMERINDALECARLIA MariaNils Thetree isdrawn fromthe perspective of Ake,hisbrother Lasse and his married sister Anna. Bloodrelations are givenin boldinthe table.Thetree isdrawn from the perspective of Ake,his brother Lasse and his married sister Anne. Additional vocabulary for relations farmorsmor master (lit.mars syster) morbror (lit. mars bror) sonson dotterdotter barnbarn systerson brorson systerdotter brorsdotter svarmor svarfar svardotter svarson svagerska svager syssling/nastkusin samba great-grandmother on father'sside aunt (mother's sister) uncle (mother's brother) grandson (son's son) granddaughter (daughter's daughter) grandchild nephew (sister's son) nephew (brother's son) niece (sister's daughter) niece (brother's daughter) mother-in-law father-in-law daughter-in-law son-in-law sister-in-law brather-in-law second cousin live-in partner -151 -SWEDISH 6Halsa pa Payspecialattentiontowhichwordisstressedintheexpression halsa pa.If youstress hiilsa the phrase meaos to greet or tosay how do youdo,but it means tovisit if the preposition pa isstressed. 7Differences in the use of tenses UnlikeEnglish,Swedishusesthepresenttenseinthephrase jaglhan/honlar fodd aboutpeoplewhoarestillalive.Whentalking about people whoare no longer alive, past tense is used: Jag ar foddi Sverige.I was born in Sweden. Strindberg foddesar 1849.Strindberg was born in 1849. OntheotherhaodSwedishoftenusespasttenseinsomecommon phrases where English has present tense: Det var bra.That's nice. Det var roligt att hOra.I'm glad tohear it. Det var trlikigt att hOra.I'm sorry tohear it. Det var synd.It's a pity. Det var sniillt av dig.It's kind of you. Det var dyrt.That's expensive. Hur var namnet?What's your name, please? 8Folk(people/persons - peoples) The word folk presents special difficulties.When used in the singular itmeaospeople/[rsons,butinthepluralit meanspeoples.Sinceit hasthesameforminthesingularaodinthepluralinSwedishyou should lookat the accompaoying wordstofindout what it meansin a particular sentence, forexample: Det kom mycket lite folktill konserten. Drottning Victoria regerade dver manga folk. Very fewpeople came tothe concert. QueenVictoriaruled over many peoples. 9Reflexive verbs and pronouns Reflexiveverbsconsistof averbaodareflexivepronoun.Thereflex-ivepronoun denotes the same person asthe subject: -152 -" I'",.,"-,{ MIDSUMMERINDALECARLfA Hon liir sig svenska.. She is teaching herself Swedish. Thereflexivepronounsare identicalwiththe object formsof theper-sonalpronouns,except forthethird person which hasaspecialform sig, which is used both in the singular aod in the plural: migmyself digyourself sighimselflherselflitselfloneself ossourselves eryourselves slgthemselves Sigalsocorrespondstohim,her,it,themwhenthesewordsrefer backtothesubjectwithouttheverbbeingreflexive,e.g.whenthey are preceded by a preposition. Han sag en bil bakom sig.Hesaw a car behind him. There are a number of verbs which are reflexive in Swedish but not in English.Themostcommonofthesearethosetodowithpersonal hygiene, e,g.tvatta sig (wash),kamma sig (comb),raka sig (shave), kiasig (dress),kiaavsig (undress).Othersare:kiinnasig (feel), satta sig (sitdown),bestiimma sig (makeupone'smind),skynda sig (hurry),ta medsig (bring),bry sigom(careabout),lara sig (learn/teach yourself), Notealsotheverbsforiilskasig(fallinlove),forlovasig(get engaged), gifta sig (marry),skilja sig (divorce). l!JOvningar ..... 1Link the correct responses to the questions below. (a)John, har du rest till Sverige ensam? (b)Me, har du ringt hem? (c)Hade du liirt dig svenska innan du triiffade Me, John? (d)Har du kdrt hela viigen till Dalarna sjiilv, Me? (e)Har ni triiffat manga ungdomar i kvii\l? (f)Har ni hjiilpt Kerstin att binda kraosarna? (g)Karin, har du hittat nagra blommor pa angen? (h)Hade du firat midsommar forut, John? -153-SWEDISH (i)Ja, jag har talat amatt vihar kommit hit. (ii)Ja, jag har hittat en massa blommor. (iii)Ja, vihar dansat med bade svenskar ochutlanningar. (iv)Nej,mina foraldrar har ocksa kommit till Sverige. (v)Ja, men sedan har Ake pratat svenska med mig hela tiden. (vi)Nej,Kerstin hade redan bundit kransama nar vikom. (vii)Nej,jagharintehartattmanfirarmidsommariEngland nufortiden. (viii)Nej,John ochjag har turats am (takenturns) att kiira. 2Fill in the correct formof the wordfull in the followingsentences. (a)Flaskan var ....... i morse. (b)Aliaaffarerna ar ....... med folk. (c)Glaset ar ........ (d)....... manniskor ar trakiga. (e)Det ar .......-mane i kvall. (f)Det var ....... hus pa teatem. (g)Pamidsommaraftonardettyviirrmangasamdrickersig 3Fillinthemissingwordsniirsomheist,vadsomheist,var som heist, vem som heist. Manfarintedrickasprit(hardliquor)....... iSverige.Deliir t.ex.inlelillatet(permitted)attdrickaslarkspritpaallmanna platser(publicplaces).. ......kanintehellerkiipaspritpasys-temet.Bara nar man ar20 ar kanman kopa....... dar,men inte . . . . . ...Systemetaralltidstanglpaliirdagar,siindagaroch allmanna helgdagar (publicholidays). 4Withthehelpof thetableandthevocabularyof relationsabove, work out howthe various people are related. Example:Nils ar sliikt medUlla.Nils ar Ullas morfar. (a)Ulla ar sliikt med Annika.Ulla ar Annikas .. . (b)Annika iir sliikt med Ulla. Annika ar Ullas.. . (c)Anna ar sHikt medLasse. Anna ar Lasses .. . (d)Hakan ar slakt med Anders.Hakan ar Anders. (e)Jakob ar slakt med Anders. Jakob ar Anders ... (f)Signe ar slakt med Ulla.Signe ar Ullas ... (g)Annika ar slakt medMaria. Annika ar Marias.. . (h)Lasse ar slakt med Annika. Lasse ar Annikas .. . - 154-l }g}'-, MIDSUMMERINDALECARLIA (i)Karl ar slakt medUlla.Karl ar Ullas ... (j)Ulla ar slakt med Hakan. Ulla ar Hakans ... 5Selectthemostsuitablewordfromthefollowinglisttocomplete the sentences below:alla/allt/hela/mycket/mimga. (a)I Afrika bar det ....... olika folk. (b)....... folk gar pa fotbollsmatcher i Sverige. (c)....... folket hurrade (cheered)nar Sverige vann. (d)....... folktalar engelska sam forsta sprak. (e)....... folket gick hem. (j)Det var inte ....... folki kyrkan. (g)....... folkviii ha fred(peace). 6Insertanappropriatereflexiveverbinthefollowingsentences. Make sure that they are in the correct tense. (a)Lennart har ....... i Eva.(fall in love) (b)Eva ochLennart ....... pa midsommarafton. (got engaged) (c)Deska ....... nasta sommar. (getmarried) (d)Hur ....... du....... idag,battre eller samre? (feel) (e)Du maste ....... fortaget gar snart. (hurry) (f)Det ar bara man sombehiiver . . . . . ... (shave) lIP Somebodywouldliketodancewithyou.Completethefollowing dialogue. XHej!Viiidu dans a? You(Say that youwould be pleased to.) XVar kommer du ifran? You(Tellhim/her where you comefrom.) XHar du alltid batt dar? You(Tellhim/her whether you have or haven't.) XVad gor duhar? You(Saythat you are atourist.) XAr dutiirstig?Ska vigatillrestaurangenochfanagotatt dricka? You(Say that youwould love acold beer.) XNuspelar de en vals. Ska vidansa igen? You(Say Yes,please,Iwould loveto.) XTack fordansen. You(Say Thank you,it was very nice.) -155 -..J SWEDISH Forstar du?-----Allemansratten Enligt allemansrattenar naturen tillgangligforalia i Sverige.Det betyder att vern som heist rar ga,cykla, jogga eller aka skidor i skog ochoverf:i.ltochangar,t.o.m.paannansmark,mennaturligtvis intevidnagonsprivatahus.Darhardesombordarrattattfa vara i fred.Manfarplockavildabar (t.ex.hallon,bjornhar,lingon, blahar, hjortron)ochsvamp foreget bruk,ochblommor ocksa,men naturligtvisintefridlystablommor.Manfarinteheller bryta kvis-tar fran levande trad. Manfarinte jagaellersroradevildadjuren,ochdetarabsolut forbjudet att ta fagelagg. Manfarbara gorauppeldomdet intear minstarisk foratt elden ska sprida sig,ochmanfaraldrigeldapa klipphallar eftersomde kan spricka. Manmastestadaeftersigochtamedsigskrapethemomsop-sackarna ar fulla. Huvudregeln ar:Inte stara och inte lorstara! allemansrattentheright of public access enligtaccording to nat'" (-en, -er)nature tillgangligaccessible,available fait (-el, -0)ffeld naturligtvisof course ralt (-en, -er)right i fredinpeace for eget brukfor your own consumption fridlystspecially protected jagla (-ar, -ade, -at)hunt stor/a (stor, -de, -t)disturb goraupp eldlight a camp fire minstaslightest far/a (-an, -or)danger sprida sigspread klipphall (-en, -ar)bare rock sprickacrack and split skadla (-an, .-or)damage skramm/a(-er, -de, -t)frighten stadia (-ar, -ade, -at)tidy up skrap (-el)rubbish sopsack (-en)dustbin huvudregel (-n, -regler)themain rule forstOr/a(forstOr, -de, -t)destroy -156 -1 ~ MIDSUMMERINDALECARLIA Ratt eller tel? (a)Man far aldrig ga over nagon annans mark. (b)Man far bara plocka fridlysta blommor. (c)Man far alltid gora upp eld. (d)Alia maste stada elter sig. -157-11 0 VARTARNIPAVAG? Where are you going? /nthis unit you will/earn how to make suggestions how to accept an offer howto ask if someone speaks a language howto ask somebody tospeak slowly howtodeal with car breakdowns how toexpress displeasure Samtal -----WhenAkeandJohnsetoff intheircartogohome,theyseeSirkka andIlonawaitingat the busstop.They haven't seenthemsincethe Midsummer Eve dance. They decide to offer them a lift. AkeHejigen, Sirkka! Vart ar ni pa vag? SirkkaViska tillSk!me.Vitii.nkteta bussen tillFalunochsedan taget. AkeVillni foljamedtillGiiteborg?Det ar meranhalvvagsoch darifran gar det manga tag till Skane. SirkkaJa, tack, mycket garna! Det ar jattesnallt aver. -158-1 II ~ John Sirkka John nona John nona Ake Sirkka John Sirkka John Ake WHEREAREYOUGOING? Vad ska ni gora i SkAne? Viska malapaOsterlen.Vikanner nagra konstnarerdar och landskapet ar sa annorlunda i SkAne. Var kommer du ifrAn,Ilona? Jag forstArinte.VarsnailochtalaIAngsamt,forjag kan bara lite svenska. Va r i fr an ... a r ... d u? JagkommerfranUngern.Jagharbaravaritharen mAnad. Dutalar fiytandesvenska,Sirkka,menduar finska.Hur har du 1m dig svenska? JagkommerfransOOraFinland.Dartalar vibadefinska och svenska. Talar du ungerska ocksa, Sirkka? Nej,men jag forstAren delord,forfinskaochungerskaar beslaktade. Nikan alia fierasprAk.Vilka sprAklar ni er i skolan har i Sverige? Engelska,forstas,men mAngavaljer att lasa ett sprAktill. Franskaochtyskaar vanligast,menmankanocksalasa t.ex.spanska,italienskaellerryska.Barntillinvandrare far ocksa undervisning i sitt hemsprAk. vart ir ni pa vag?where are you going? b6de ... ochboth... and ungerska (-n)Hungarian language en delsomevi ska tillwe are going to tinkla (-er, -te, -t)think,plan to jiillesniilllvery kind m61/a(-ar, -ade, -al)paint kinn/a (-er,kinde, kint)know konstnir (-en, -er)artist landskap (-el, -0)scenery annorlundadifferent lorst8 (-r, lorslod, lorsl611) understand I'ngsamtslowly kunna (kan, kunde, kunnat)know flytandefluent finska (-n, .-or)Finnishwoman .Inska (-n)Finnish language besliiktaderelated spr6k (-el, -0)language fOrst.tsof course valva (-er,valde, vall)choose lasla (-er, te, t)read,study franska (-n)French language tyska (n)German language vanllgastmost common spanska (n)Spanish language ltalienska (n)Italian language ryska (n)Russian language undervlsnlng (-en)tuition hemsprAk (-et,..Q)mother tongue 159 I SWEDISH Ratt eller fel? (a)Sirkka kommer fran Skane. (b)I sodra Finland talar manga bade finska och svenska. (c)Ungerska och finska ar besliiktade. (d)AlIa svenska barn liir sig franska i skolan. Samtal -----After a fewhours driving, Ake feelshungry. AkeAr ni inte hungriga? Jag tycker det iir dags att fika. SirkkaKan viintestanna vidnagotsnabbkopochkopanybakade bullar och paliigg och iita i det grOna? Det iir en sadan vack-er dag. JohnDetvarenbraide.Vihar kaffepatermosen,menvikan viiI kopa lite liisk ocksa fordet iir sa varmt.Vikor avviigen sa kan vi njuta av utsikten dar uppe. det Ar dagsit is time snabbkop (-et, self-service shop,supermarket nybakadefreshly baked buil/e (-en, oar)roll paliigg (081,-0)things to put on the rolls I del granain the open air termos (-en,thermos Ibk(edrycker)soft drinks njutla (-er, ojot, njutit)enjoy c----Samtal After the picnic they continue their journey. JohnDet var viildigt vad det skramlar! AkeDet iir nagot fel... kanske punktering. Det iir bast vistan-nar och ser efter vad som har hant. AkeVi har tappat avgasroret. Vi maste kora till niirmaste verk-stad. Och vimaste fyllapa vatten i kylaren formotorn har gatt varm. Det var tur att det inte var nagot viirre. En mekaniker kan fixaett nytt avgasror medan viiiter middag. -160---WHEREAREYOUGOING? del var vAldigl vad det skramlar there is a tremendous rattle det ir ollgot felsomething is wrong punkteriog (-en, oar)puncture tappla (-ar, -ade, -al)lose 8vgasror (-et, -0)exhaust pipe nirmaste verkstadnearest garage fyil/a (-er,-de, -I)pi!fill up with kylar/e (-en, -0)radiator motor (on,motorer)motor motorn harvarmtheengine is overheating mekaniker (on,-0)mechanic fix/a (oar,-ade, -at)fix After another stop they return but cannot findthe car. 8irkkaVar ar bilen? JohnDenar fdrsvunnen. AkeNagonharlanatden.Biltjuvarardetviirstajagvet!Vi maste genast anmiila stolden forpolisen.Det ser ut sam am vimasteta taget allesamman.Vadskamamma saga amvi kommer hem utan hennes bi!... I fOrsv/nn/a (--er, farsvann, forsvun-nit)disappear Janla (-ar, -ade, -at)(borrow; euphemism for)steal biltjuv (-en,car thief det varsla jag vetI can't stand it Ratt eller fel? genastat once (-er, -de, -I)report stold (-en, -er)theft det ser ut som omit lookslike allesammanall of us (a)Att dricka kaffekallasatt 'fika'. (b)Pojkarna kan sjalva fixa avgasroret. (c)Billanare iir inga tjuvar. Vadni beh6ver veta---BilverkstadA garage where repairs and servicesarecarried out is calledenbilverkstad.Thewordgarage(pronouncedgarash)is only used torefer tothe garage where youkeep a car.Bilverkstader are foundinall townsand large villages. ViigarIt has been said that happiness is driving ona Swedish road. - 161-SWEDISH Therearemorethan700milesoftoll-freemotorwaysandaround 50000milesof trunk roads.Allmainroadsare very goodwith little traffic in comparison with other countries. ----Sahar sager man How to: make suggestions Jag tycker det ar dags att ... Vikan val...? Kan vi inte ...? Har nilust att ...? accept an offer J a,tack, giirna. Det var en bra ide! Ja, det gor vi. overcome language problems Talar du engelska? Var snail och tala limgsamt. Jag forstar inte. Kan du saga det en gang till. Tala inte sa fort! deal with car emergencies Det ar nagot felpa bilen. Vimaste kora till narmaste verkstad. Vi maste anmala det for polisen. express displeasure Jag tycker inte om... Jaghatar ... Det varsta jag vet ar ... I think it's time to... Wecan. .., can't we? Can'twe ... ? Do you feellike ... ? Yes please,I would love it. That was a good idea! Yes,we'll dothat. Do you speak English? Please speakslowly. I don'tunderstand. Please say it again. Don't speak sofast! There's something wrong with the car. Wemust drivetothenearest garage. Wemust report it tothe police. I don't like. .. I hate . .. I can't stand . . .! -162 -~ WHEREAREYOUGOING? Grammatik -----1Verbs: the fourth conjugation Asmentionedbefore,themaincharacteristicof thefourthconjuga-tion (the irregular or strong verbs,as they are also called) is that they formthe past tensebyachangeof stem vowelinstead of byendings. Oftenthestemvowelischangedinthesupineaswell.Thepresent tense ends in -er just like the second conjugation. Youhavealreadymetalargenumberof irregularverbs.Thereare notasmanyirregularverbsinSwedishasinEnglish,andmostof them conform to one ofthe patterns below. Hereare the mainpatterns.Noticethat thepresent andthe impera-tivetensesareformedfromtheinfinitive,sothefirstvowelinthe vowelchangepattern isthe stemvowelof the infinitive,present and imperativeforms.Thesecondvowelrefersexclusivelytothepast tense.Thethird vowelisthestem vowelof boththesupineandthe pastparticiple,astheonlydifferencebetweenthemisthat thenor-mal supine ending is-it andthepast participleending is-en inthe fourth conjugation. i-a-ufourth conjugation verbs with a short I as stem vowel (the i is fol-lowed by two consonants) follow this pattern: InfinitivePresentPastSupinePast Part. findtinnahnnerfannfunnltfunnen sitsittasittersattsuttitsutten drinkdrickadrickerdrackdruckitdrucken winvinnavinnervannvunnltvunnen .....1fourth conjugation verbs with alongi as stemvowel(the iis followed by only one consonant) follow this pattern: writeskrivaskriverskrevskrivitskriven shineskinaskinerskenskinit risestigastigerstegstigllstigen uly..... u invitebjudabjuderbjodbjudllbjuden enjoynjutsnjuternjotnjutitnjuten flyflyga\lyger\log\lugilflugen -163-SWEDISH a-o-a traveltarafarforfarltfaren taketa(ga)tartogtagfttagen a-a-u carrybarabarbarburitburen starvesvaltasvaltersvaltsvultltsvulten Unfortunately some of the irregular verbs are doubly irregular - some of their fonnsmay be'strong' but other fonnscomply with the regular verbs. Examples of common verbs which are doubly irregular are: do,makegoragorgJo,degjortgJo,d gogA gA'glckgAilgAngen seesese, o6gsellsedd bevarai, va'varlt haveha ha'hadehaft-havd saysagasagersa/desagtsagd knowvetavetvlsstevetat getfAfA,lickfAil givegege,gavgellgiven seese se'sAgsellsedd standstAstarstodstAll-stAdd From now on only the infinitive, present, past and supine fonns of the irregularverbswillbegiveninthevocabularies(unlesstheverbis doublyirregular,inwhichcaseallthefonnswillbegiven),asthe remainingfonnscaneasilybeconstructedif youfollowtherules given above. Youwill findalist of allthe important irregular verbsandthe auxil-iary verbs on page 283. 2Nationality nouns and adjectives Here are fourlists of countries, men,womenand languages spoken in the respective countries. -164-1 ';( .Mc WHEREAREYOUGOING? CountryManWomanLanguage AmericaAmerikaamerikanamerikanskaengelska AustraliaAustralienaustralieraustraliskaengelska DenmarkDanmarkdanskdanskadanska EnglandEnglandengelsmanengelskaengelska FranceFrankrikefransmanfransyskafranska IrelandIrlandirlandareirlandskaengelskaJiriska IcelandIslandislanningislandskaislandska Hair Italienitalienareitalienskaitalienska NorwayNorgenorrmannorskanorska PortugalPortugalp o r t u g ~portugisiskaportugisiska RussiaRysslandryssryskaryska ScotlandSkoHlandskotteskotskaengelska SpainSpanienspanjorspanjorskaspanska GermanyTysklandtysktyskatyska ChinaKinakineskinesiskakinesiska Therespectiveadjectivesare:amerikansk,australisk,dansk, engelsk,fransk,irliindsk,isliindsk,italiensk,norsk,portugi-sisk, rysk, skotsk, spansk, tysk, kinesisk. Notethatonlythenameofthecountryiswrittenwithacapital. Nationality adjectives as wellas the words forthe people and the lan-guagesspoken in the respective countries arespelt with small letters. Usually thewordfora woman isidenticalwiththewordforthe lan-guage spoken inher country. Also remember that there isnoseparate g- sound,just asingleng- sound,inEngland, engelsman, engels-ka and engelsk. 3Difficult pronunciation of loan-words A number of (usuallyFrench)loan-wordsdonotfollowSwedishpro-nunciationrules,asthey in parthavekepttheir originalpronuncia-tion.Thus the stress isnonnally onthe last syllable,and the -e isnot pronouncedaftertheg,sothe-geispronouncedlikeEnglishvoice-less sh. Examples of such wordsare:garage, bagage (luggage),mas-sage, sergeant. Inthefollowingwordstheg isagainpronouncedlikean Englishsh butthefollowingeoriispronounced:geni(genius),regi(filmor theatredirection),energi (energy),regissiir (filmdirector),generiis (generous),generad(embarrassed),ingenjor,passgerare(passen-ger),tragedi (tragedy). -165 -SWEDISH Likewise,the jispronouncedinthesamewayasEnglishshinthe words journalist and justera (adjust),andsoissk in the very com-mon wordmiinniska. 4Mekaniker, australier Wordsendingin-erdenotingmen,eithertheirjobdescriptionor theirnationality,havenopluralendingassuch,buttheystilltake the normal -na ending in the definite formplural: Det fannsmanga mekaniker i verkstaden. Musikerna spelade en vals. VibehOver fler 12kniker. Indierna ar mycket stolta. Therewere many mechanics in the garage. Themusicians played a waltz. Weneed more technicmns. TheIndians arevery proud. 5Veta/kanna/kunna (know) TheEnglishverbkrwwcorrespondstothreedifferentverbsIII Swedish, and they are not interchangeable. (a)veta when it is a question of knowing facts: Vet du vad det ar?Do youknowwhat it is? (h)kiinna when it is a question of knowing people: Kanner du Robert Redford?Do you know Robert Redford? (c)kunna is used about skills, forexample being able toplay musical instruments, sports or knowing languages. Kan du spela fiol?Do youknowhowto play the De kan spela fotboll. Kan du finska? violin? They knowhowto play soccer. Do you know Finnish? 6Lasa - plugga (read/study) TheSwedishverbliisaisusedbothinthemeaningtoreadandto study. A very common slang word for swot is plugga: Vilken tidning laser du?Which newspaper do youread? -166-){::.... WHEREAREYOUGOING? Vilaste ryska i skolan. Alia pluggade pa en examen. Westudied Russian at school. All were swotting foran examination. 7Bilens delar (car parts) 2 .:_--,\tc -'/!!!, 7-_----\ C -, iJrJiiiii ' , ~ 'IfJFJr;: 16'. /'-----, 6 1512 -167-4 8 11 14 '.if i I ' ~ 'j!' h' :e: SWEDISH 1ratt (-en, -ar)steering wheel 2hjul (-el, -0)wheel 3dAck (-el, -0)lyre 4vindrutetorkare (-n, -0)windscreenwiper 5motor (-n, motorer)engine 6framsite H, -n)front seat 7bllbAII. (-I, on)seal beff 8hastighetsmitare (-n,.Q)speedometer 9bagageluckla (-an, -or)bool 10Iyktla (-an, -or)headlight 11gasped" (-en, -er)accelerator, throttle 12'olbroms (-en, oar)brake pedal 13handbroms (-en, oar)hand brake 14vixelspak (-en, -ar)gear lever 15koppllng (-en, oar)clutch pedal 16slgnalhorn (-el, -0)(luta)horn helljus (-el, -0)full beam bensin (-en)petrol bensinmack (.-en,-ar)petrol station blyfrlunleaded tankla (-ar, -ade, -at)fill up with petrol broms/a (-ar, -ade, -at)brake tutla (-ar, -ade, -at)hoot ligga inettanget intofirst gear ligga in backenget into reverse gear birgnlngsbll (-en, -ar)breakdown van karlAIt (-el, -0)lane forsiikrlng (-en, -ar)insurance Ovningar 1Belowaresomeyellowandredforbudsmiirken(restriction signs)and some varningsmiirken (warning signs) and alsosome blue and whitepabudsmiirken (commandsigns).Try to link the signs to the correct explanations. @ (v) (i)9 '! (vi) (ii)&. (iii)A (iv)0 (vii)(viii)(ix) -168-1

',{ 0. WHEREAREYOUGOING? (a)Forbud mot gangtrafik. (b)Lagt flygande flygplan. (c)Pabjuden gangbana. (d)Forbud mot fordonstrafik. (e)Tunnel. (j)Vajningsplikt. (g)Farlig sidvind. (h)Forbud att parkera fordon. (i)Rakt fram eller vanstersvang . fordon(-el, -0)vehicle vAjnlngspllklgive way 2Fill in the correct past tense formof the following verbs in the sen-tences below:bjuda, bryta, fara, flyga,ga, njuta, skina, stiga, sviilta, vinna. (a)Solen ....... hela dagen. (b)Han ....... upp tidigt efersom faIjan....... kl.sju. (c)De ....... ass pa middag. (d)Vi....... kvistar fOratt kla majstangen. (e)De....... till Finland fOrraaret. (j)Han ....... till Nya Zeeland. (g)Barnen i Afrika ....... hela sommaren. (h)De....... av utsikten. (i)Brasilien ....... fotbollsmatchen. liP Complete the following sentences. Example: En man fran USA iir amerikan. --01lIl. (a)En man sam talar iriska hemma ar nag ... (b)Snorre Sturlasson var fran Island. Han var .. . (c)Hamish MacIntosh fran Skottland iir fdrstas.. . (d)Lenin var den ... sam ledde den ... revolutionen. (e)Thor Heyerdahl talar norska eftersom han ar ... (j)En man franPortugal kallas .. . (g)Eftersom Mao-Tse-Tung var ... talade han .. . (h)Ar Brigitte Bardot fransman? Nej,han ar .. . 4Fillinthecorrectverbveta,kiinna,kunnainthesentences helow.Use the present tense. (a)....... du nar man firar midsommar i Sverige? -169 -~ SWEDISH (b)....... du manga svenskar? (C)....... du riikna fran1 till 100 pa svenska? (d)En mekaniker ....... alit ommotorer. (e)Ingen ....... vad som hande. (j)Sirkka ....... flera spr9.k. (g)Jag ....... attjag inte ....... sjunga. (h)Hon ....... inte nagon som kan hjalpa henne. (i)Barnet ....... inte tala annu. 5Hereisalistof descriptionsof somepartsof acar.Matcheach description with the correct word forthe part. (a)Fyra stycken sadana sitter under bilen. (b)Man sitter pa det nar man kiir. (c)Man lagger sina vaskor dar. (d)Man styr bilen med den. (e)Den far bilen att gao (j)Man kan stoppa bilen med den. (g)Den tar bort regn och snii fran fonstret. (h)Den visar hur fort man kiir. (i)Man spanner fast sig med det. (j)Demaste Iysa Mde dag och natt nar man kiir i Sverige. (k)En vatska som driver apparaten som driver bilen. Iligg/a (o8r,la(de), l.gl)lay vaskla (-an, -or)bag,suitcase styrla (styr, -de, -I)steer vis/a (-ar, -ade, -at)show fortfast spanna fastfasten Iysla (-er, -te, -t)shine,be on vatskla (-an, -or)liquid apparat (-en,-er)device, apparatus Forstar du? -----Svenska skolor Obligatoriskskolutbildningforaliabarninfordesmyckettidigti Sverige,redan ar 1842.AlIaskolorar samskolor, dvsbade pojkar ochflickorgarisammaskolaochdefarsammautbildning.Nu mastealiagaiskolaniruoar(skolplikt).BarnenkanfabOrja -170- So.... WHEREAREYOUGOING? skolan redan nar dear sex ar gamla,menmanga vantar tillsdear sju ar. UnderdefOrstafernaren ar aliaiimnenobligatoriska ochmantar ingenexamen.IdehOgreklassernaar vissaamnenobligatoriska, JDenmankanocksavaljaandraamnen- ekonomi,konst,spr9.k, teknik etc - efter sina intressen. Man far bara betyg under desista aren.IendelskolorbOrjarmanlasaengelskaredanfOrstaaret, JDenof'tast bOrjar man med engelska under tredje eller fjarde aret. Omkring92%avelevernafortsatterattstuderaigym-nasieskolan(correspondsroughlytothesixthform).Denhar JDangaolikastudieprogram.Eftergymnasieskolankanmanfort-satta vid universitet eller hogskola om man kommer in - konkur-rensen ar hard. Desomslutar skolan efter deobligatoriska nio aren kan biirja stud-eraigenpakomvux,enskolafOrvuxna,ellerpafolkhogskola, ettslagsinternatskola.FolkhiigskolornaartypiskaforSkandi-navienochmycketpopulara,menmankanintekommaindar tOrranmanar arton ar. I Sverige far alia flera chanser att studera, om och nar de vill. obligatoriskcompulsory utbildning (-en, -ar)education infor/as (infors,infordes, i"forts) be introduced Ildlgearly redanalready dvs (det viiisaga)that istosay skolpllkl (-en)compulsory schooling vAntia(-ar, -ade, -at)wait imne (-I,on)subject examen (pl.examlna)exam vlssacertain viliia (-er, valde, vall)choose ekonomi (-n, -er)economy konst (-en, -er)art teknAe apelsinsaft (-en -er)orange juice apotek (-et -OJpharmacy; chemist apparat (-en -er)device;apparatus aprilApril arbeUa i-ar -ade-at)towork arm (-en-ar)arm armbag/e (-en -ar)elhow art (-en -er)species arton eighteen artondeeighteenth AsienAsia attraktion (-en-er)attraction; event augustiAugu.'>t AustralienAustralia australier (-n -0)Australian automaWidla(-an-or)automatic gears avbetydelseof any importance avgas (-en -er)exhaust fume avgasror (-et -0)exhaust pipe avgift (-en -er)charge; fee avres/a (-an -or)departure avsevartconsiderably avskafl7a (-ar -ade-at)toabolish axel (-naxlar)shoulder bad (-et -0)bath badla (-ar -ade-at)togo .'>wimming badrum (-met -OJbathruum bagageluckla (-an -or)hoot of car bakifranfrombehind halkong (-en-er)balcony hank (-en-er)bank baraonly harnfcirbjudlen(-et-nalfor adults only bamkalas (-et -0)children's party bamvanlig i-t -alsuitable forchildren bastu (-n-r)sauna bcfolkning (-enoar)population hegarla (hegar begarde begartJtorequest 287--behandling (-en-ar)treatment behdlVa (-er beholl behdllitltokeep behov/a (-er -de -t)toneed beklag/a (-ar -ade-at)toregret bekriiftelse (-n -r)confirmation bekviimI-t-a)comfortable bekymrald (-t -de)worried ben (-et -0 lleg;bone bensin (-en)petrol bensinmack (-en-ar)petrol station bensinstation (-en-er)petrol station berg \-et -0)mountain berdttia (-ar -ade -at)totell berdmd berdmt berdmdafamous beskriv/a (-er beskrev beskrivit)to describe besliiktJad(-at -adeJrelated bestiillla (-er -de -t)tobook; order besviklen (-et -na) disappointed besvdrlig (-t -a) difficult; awkward besokare (-n-0)visitor betalla (-ar -de -t)to pay betraktJa (-ar -ade -at) (sig)toregard (himseln betydla (-er -debetytt)tomean betyg (-et -0)grade;mark bevar/a (-ar -ade -at)to preserve bidrag/a (-er bidrog -it)tocontribute bilbalte (-t-n)seat belt biljett (-en -er)ticket biljettautomat (-en)ticket machine biljon (-en -erlbillion billig (-t -a)cheap biltjuv (-en -ar)car thief bilverkstad (-en -stader)garage bindla (-er band bundit)tobind; tie bio (-nlcinema biograf (-en -er)cinema biovagn (-en -ar)cinema coach bit (-en-ar)piece bjorkkvist (-en -ar)birchbranch bjorn (-en -ar)bear bl.a.(bland annat)among other things; inter alia blandamong blandla (-ar -ade -at)tomix blek (-t -a)pale blindtarmsinflammation (-en -er) appendicitis blodtryck (-et)blood pressure blomkal(-en;blomkalshuvudenl cauliflower blyfriunleaded bJablatt bla (a)blue blabar (-et -0)bilberry blas/a (-er -te -0toblow;bewindy blOdia(-er -dde -ttltobleed bolr {-dde-ttltolive bok (-en bOcker)book bokhandel (-n)bookshop bokhyilla (-an -or)bookshelf bonde (-nbonder)peasants bord(-et -OJtable bordtennis (-en)tabletennis borgareburghers borstJa (-ar -ade -at)tobrush bortJaaway botJa (-ar -ade -at)to cure bottenvaningenground floor bragood;well;fine bred (brett breda)broad breddgrad (-en-er)latitude brev (-et -0)letter bro (-n -ar)bridge bromsla (-ar -ade -at)to brake bror (brodern brooer)brother brorsdotterniece (brother'sdaughter) brorsonnephew(brother's son) broschyr (-en -er)pamphlet bruk/a (-ar -ade -at) usually do something brukade varaused tobe bry sig omto care about brygg/a (-an -or)jetty brytJa (-er brot brutit)tobreak off brOd(-et -0)bread brollop {-et -o}wedding brost (-et -0)breast; chest bulVe(-en-ar)roll bunt (-en -ar)bunch burk (-en -ar)tin;jur busshdllplats (-en -er)bus stop butik (-en -er)shop;boutique by(-n -ar)village byt/a(-er -te -0to change; exchange byta tagto change trains badaboth bade ... ochboth. .. and - 288-, ... SWEDISH-ENGLISHGLOSSARY bat (-en-ar)boat;ship bank (-en -ar)row bar (-et -0)berry bargningsbil (-en-ar)breakdownvan btirdig (-t -a)fertile bOIj/a(-ar -ade -at)tobegin;start bOter (pl.lfines centralvarme (-nlcentral heating centrum (ett)centre ceremoniella funktionerceremonial functions cesiumhalt {-en}cesium content choklad(-en)chocolate chokladsas (-en -erlchocolatesauce civilstand (-eOcivil status cykl/a (-ar -ade -at)cycle dagens ratttoday'sspecial daghem (-met -0)daynursery dagl(dagligen)daily dalahast (-en-ar)Dalahorse damavdelningenladies' wear damfrisorskla (-an -or)hairdresser dans (-en -er)dance dansas (-en -er)femaledancer dethey de dar/de harthoselthese de flestamost people de hogstathehighest decemberDecember del (-en -ar)part delas upptobe divided delas uttobeskared out;awarded dellta (ga) (-tar -tog -tagitJtotake part del tidpart-time demthem dennarmaste motsvarighetenthe closest equivalent den rutade sparrlinjenthe chequered barrier line denldetit denldet darthat den/det harthis deponeringsavgiftdeposit derastheir(s) dessits dessert (-en -er)dessert det finnsthereis;there are det gar brathat's all right det gor detsammait doesn 'f matter; I don'tcare det mestamost of it det ar bast attwehad better detsammathesame diet (-en)diet digyou (sing. obj.l;yourself dillpotatispotatoes boiled with dill din rlitt dinayouns) diriger/a (-ar -ade -at)to direct diskuter/a (-ar -ade -at)to discuss dit(to) there djur (-et -0)animal doktorinn/a (-an -or)doctor'swife domkyrk/a (-an -or)cathedral doppi grytan'dipping in the pot' dopp (-et -0)to dip,plunge dos(-en -er)dose dotter (-n dottrar)daughter dra (-r drog dragit) utextract drak/e (-en -ar)dragon drickla (-er drack druckit)to drink drickstip; service charge driv/a (-er drev drivit) utto driveout DrottninggatanQueenStreet dryck (-en -er)drink drygtslightly more than droj/a (-er -de -t)tohold on;belate drom (drommen drommar)dream duyou(sing.) dubbelrum (-met -0)doubleroom dum (-t dummalstupid dusch (-en -ar)shower dussin (-et -0)dozen d.v.s.(det vill saga)that is tosay dygn (-et -0)the 24-lwurday dynamit (-en)dynamite dyr (-t -a)expensive dathen da sager videtagreed dack (-et -0)lyre darthere dar bortaover there(anydirection) dar frammeover there (infront) darf6rthat's why dandr attbecause darifranfromthere do(-r dog dott)to die dorr (-en -ar)door -289-SWEDISH eftermiddag (-en -ar)afternoon efternamnsurname efteratt (-en -er)dessert; sweet eftersomas eftertrad/a (--er --de eftertratt) to succeed eftervarldenposterity efteratafterwards egen (eget egnalown ekonomi(-n-er)economy ekonomisk (-t -a)economic elak H-a)malicious eldfast formovenproof dish elev(-en -er)pupil elfteeleventh elleror eller ocksaor else elvaeleven emellertidhowever emigrer/a (-ar -ade -at)toemigrate en/ettalan;one endasingle; only engelsk/a (-anl English(language) engelsk/a (-an -or)Englishwoman Engelska kana lenEnglishChannel engelsman (nen engelsmanl Englishman enhetlighomogeneous enkelsingle enkelhet (-en -0)simplicity enkelrum (-met -0)single room enkronJa (-an-or)i-krona coin enligtaccording to ensam (-t ensamma)alone;byourselves epokgorandeepoch-making eryou {pI.objol yourselves er (-t -a)your(s) Erikskronikanthe Eric Chronicles ersattla (-er ersatte ersatt)toreplace etnisk (-t -a)ethnic ett halvt kilo (1/2 kg)half akilo ett kvarts kiloaquarter of akilo ett slagsakind of Europa (pronounced Erapa)Europe evenemang (-et -0)great event examen (pI.examina)examination expedit (--en-er)shop assistant expeditionsavgift (-en er)commission; service charge expert (-en -erJexpert extrapris (-et -er)special offer faktisktreally; actually; infact familj(-en-erlfamily familjeskaipersonal reasons fantastisktfantastically far(fadern fader)father far/a (-an -or)danger farbror (-nfarbrooer)uncle (father's brother) farfargrandpa(lit.father'sfather) farfarsfargreatgrandfather (father's side) farlig (-t -a)dangerous farmorgrandma (iit.father'smother) farmorsmorgreatgrandmother (father's side) fastthough; {!Xed faster (-nfastrarJaunt (father'ssisterj fatt/as (fattas -ades oats)tobemissing fattig (-t -a)poor feber (on)fever februariFebruary fel(-et -OJfault;wrong fernfive femhundrakronorssedel(-n--sedlar)500-kronor (bank)note femkron/a {-an -or}5-kronorcoin femtefifth femtiofifty femtiondefiftieth femtioOring (-en -ar)50ore coin femtonfifteen femtondefifteenth festival{-en-erJfestival festmiddag (-en -ar)banquet fik/a(-ar -ade -at)tohave a coffee fit (mjolkl(thin)yoghurt fin (-t -a)fine finger (fingret fingrar)finger finhack/ad (-at -ade)finelychopped finn/e(-en -ar)Finn finnaskvarremain finska (-n)Finnish(language) finska (-n-or)Finnish woman fir/a(-ar -ade -at)celebrate fiskratt (-en -er)fishdish fix/a(-ar -ade -at)fix - 290 1 f ",\' ~ t-~ SWEDISH-ENGLISHGLOSSARY fjoctonfourteen fjortondefourteenth fjardefourth fjardedel(-en -ar)quarter fjarrtag ( ~ e t-0)long-distance train flaskla(-an-or)bottle fleraseveral flingorcornflakes fly(-r -dde -ttltoflee flyg/a(-er flogflugit)tofly flygetaeroplanes(colloquial) flykting(-en -ar)refugee flyt/a(-er flot flutit)tofloat flytandefluent flyttla (-ar -ade -at)tomoue fliiskkotlett (-en~ e r )pork chop folk (-et -0)people folkomrastning (-en oar)referendum fordon(-et -0)vehicle form(-en)form forskningsres/a (-an-or)scientific expedition fortfarandestill fortsattJa (-er --satte --satt)to continue fat (-enfotter)foot fotbollsmatch (-en -er)footballmatch fotbrams(-en -ar)foot-brake fotokurs(-en -er)photography course fram/meinfront;there;forward framgang (-en -ar)success framifranfromthefront framsate (-t on)frontseat franskFrench franska (-n)Frenchlanguage fransman (-nenfransman)Frenchman fransysk/a(-an -or)Frenchwoman fredagFriday fredspris (-et -OJpeaceprize fridlystspecially protected frihetshjaltle (-n-ar)champion of liberty frisk (-t -a)well;healthy friska luftenopenair fritidsaktivitet (-en -er)leisure activity fronwlkrock (-en -ar)head-oncollision fru(-n-ar)Mrs;wife frukost (-en oar)breakfast frukt (-en -er)fruit fruktsallad (-en -er)fruitsalad frys(-en frysskap)freezf'r 291 frys/a(-er frosfrusitltobelfeel cold frysa till isto freeze,freezeover fnlg/a (-an -or)question franfrom friimstf


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