Page 12

According To*

By JOHN PARRIS

(Copyright, 1950, By John Parris)

Jutaculla was the Paul Bunyanof his race.

Like all story-tellers, the oldIndian tale spinners of the Cherokeehad their way with Jutaculla.He was a hero. He was a devil.

He was a god. He was all theseand many other things, too. He

sprang from the virgin womb ofan Indian princess. His motherwas a flashing comet and his sirewas the thunder.

Jutaculla was taller than thetallest trees. He could step fromone mountain to another. Thestreams dwindled to a trickle insummer when he quenched histhirst. When he spoke the heavensrumbled and the creaturesof the earth trembled in awe. Hisbow was the arch of heaven andhis arrows were shafts of lightning.

When the Bible was translated

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Legend Jutaculinto Cherokee after Sequoyah e- 1volved his syllabary the English c

word Goliath was changed to Juta- c

culla.

/^ome of the old talcs claim Juta- 1

culla actually lived and walked c

>mnn tUn mrm iint 11 Hie ncr1inp»ee CL4^/V^ll LliU V.U1 111 UllUl A A

caused all who looked upon himto turn away their eyes. Then heturned into a will-o'-the-wispand roamed the mounains, dedicatinghis life to protecting thefowl of the air and the animals ofthe forest.

But the keeper of Cherokeelegend, the greatest of their storytellers,Old Runaway Swimmer.when he died the greater part ofthe legends, customs and historyof his people passed with him.leaves no doubt that Jutacullaever lived. Then take Swimmer'sword for it that Jutaculla was

born in' the imagination of a highlyimaginative people long beforethe white man came upon the continent.Kermit Hunter 01 tne Carolina

Playmakers at the University of 1

North Carolina, while doing researchfor "Unto These Hills," a*t

drama of the Cherokee, ran intothe story of Jutaculla. It in- c

trigued him, but try as he did,he could lind no logical way to jwork Jutaculla into his saga whichwhich will be presented this sum-

r

mer at Cherokee, N. C. beginning s

July 1 and running five nightsweekly through Labor Day. iTo the skeptic who grins at the

suggestion Jutaculla ever lived, ^the Cherokee are quick to pointout that their god of the huntleft his mark upon the earth so

that all could see he had existed.*

This mark is a maze of hiero- [glyphics on a rock forty feet in jcircumference and set in the earth (

at a 45-degree angle in a field (on Caney Fork Creek in the moun- (

tains of Western North Carolina.Nine miles south of Sylva, a >

marker erected by the JNorth car-i ,

olina Historical Commission draws ^

attention to Jutaculla Rock. <

For years hieroglyphists have 1

been vainly attempting to de- 1

cipher the markings and reveal «

the story of Jutaculla Rock. Ex- I

cept for a spruce tree, an Indian 1

chief, an owl and the imprint ofa giant hand, which the Chero- <

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THE

la Was Hero,;ee say was made by Jutaculla,veil the Indians can nut name theither strange, crude markingsThere's a legend about the rock

hat is as misty as the character» T. . 11., T» U 1 . . V,U juuiuiid. At xicis uccii uanucu

town from Indian to white man.

The most detailed version was

ecited by Benjamin Coward some

.ears ago shortly before his death,Joward, the son of a pioneer, was

>orn in 1812 on Caney Fork Creek,-lis father had been one of thefirst pioneers to penetrate theCarolina wilderness and, leaningthe Cherokee language, heDecame acquainted with much ofheir tradition and customs.

A transcript of it was passedjn to me more than 12 years ago)y Milas Parker who, becausehe rock was located on his farm,lad wanted to get Coward's ver>iondown on paper.Six miles from Jutaculla Rock

s what always has been known:>y the white man as Jutacullashield. It is a treeless space ofibout 100 acres in the midst of a

^reat spruce forest just underhe top of the Balsam divide bevveenJackson and Haywoodount ies.The Indians recognized this

.-tearing as the home of Jutaculla.t was his farm and they believed10 Indian should ever invade hissanctuary.Once, however, a band of Inlians,out of curosity, decided to

nvestigate his habitation. Jutaullagave chase and the Indians

;scaped into the dense forest ofspruce.Aroused to a roaring anger,

rutaculla bellowed and the heavmsthundered. From his massive)ow shafts of lightning arrowednto the forest, driving the Inliansdown into the valley ofDaney Fork Creek and into the)pen:There in the open, there in the

/alley, Jutaculla reasoned hevould trap them and destroy them.With a mighty leap, Jutacullasprang from his habitat to the/alley below. As he completednis leap, he stumbled and put outa hand to keep from falling. Hishand pressed against a giantboulder, steadied his massive body.The small band of Indians hov?rodbefore him. The giant waved

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God And Devilhis hand. There was a flash ofblinding light, the roll of thunder,a puff of smoke and they were no

more.

It was then that Jutaculla turnedback to the great rock. Gazingdown he saw that his hand hadmade a great imprint. It showedseven long fingers. The imprintis still there.

Jutaculla then ran a fingeracross the rock, drawing a linefrom one side to the other. It was

to remind the Indians they mustnever undertake to cross this linein the future under penalty ofdeath without first making supplicationand recognizing his supremancyover the great huntingground over which he had dominion.

Until the Cherokee were movedwest in 1838 they annually gatheredin the fall for a grand huntand to lay up food for the winter.They came from throughout the

mountains to Jutaculla Rock. Andthere every morning during theannual encampment they wouldgather and make supplication toJutaculla, asking his permissionto cross into his domain for theannual hunt.They also prayed to him to bless

them and provide them with goodhunting.The old men of the tribe sat on

logs in front of the rock. Withlong reeds as pointers, they tracedthe carvings and told the youngbucks and the squaws how theIndian race almost was destroyedby a foolhardy adventure. Theold men warned of the danger ifone should cross the line withoutJutaculla's permission. They toldhow and what they must do toreceive Jutaculla's blessings andbe successful in their future hunts.

"I believe," Milas Parker said,"that this line running across therock must have been the dividingline between the hunting groundsand the Indian settlements. I believethat the Indian conceived theidea of game for food conservationand that this rock is erhblema-tical ol the greatest ana most eifcctivegame conservation lawever written by man. Evidentally,there were super minds amongthe red men who knew that continuedhunting at all times in allplaces would eventually destroy

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I To Cherokeesall their game for food and eventuallythey would all starve forthe want of meat. I believe thatJutaculla knew by his great superknowledgewhat should be donethat the race might continue on

the earth."We can see the wisdom of Indianconservation. It only took

the white man a little more thana hundred years to practicallydestroy all the game that hadbeen preserved by the red man

for untold centuries."There is nothing to denote how

much territory was to be coveredby this Indian hunting law, yetthere is no evidence that any Indiansettlements ever existed on

the Tuckaseigee River aboVe theIndian mound located on WesternCarolina Teachers College at Cullowhee."

Jutaculla left another mark butit was destroyed several years agowhen the railroad was built ihtoWestern North Carolina. Engineersblasted a rock about a mile above

I

Deep Creek, in Swain County, on

which the Cherokee say were thefootprints of Jutaculla. Therealso were footprints of a deer onthe rock.

There's a story that when theCherokee were moved west inthe great forced migration, Jutacullalooked from his haunt andsaid: "My people go, just as thecreatures of the forest. Thev so

* w

before the white man."But a remnant of Jutaculla's

people remained in the GreatSmokies. So did a few bear thathad been driven to the higherreaches where the white man hadnever been and where he wouldfind it difficult to go.

In the end, Jutaculla had no

hunting preserve over which torule. Gone were the buffalo, thedeer and the elk.There are some who say that

Jutaculla wandered West with hispeople who went to settle in Oklahoma.There are others whosay he stayed behind with a fewCherokee who hid out in theGreat Smokies.

I'm inclined to agree with thelauer.For in winter when the trees

are stark and bare, and in earlyspring before the leaves come out,if you'll look north to the highBalsams as you pass over Highway19-A just out of Sylva on

the way to Waynesville you can

, clearly see the head of an Indiangiant. He's lying on his back.There are some who say it is

Jutaculla.

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