SOIL & MINERAL RESOURCES

SoilWeathering

Formation of soil from rocksFactors acting together on rocks to form soil

MineralsProperties of Minerals

MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE PHILIPPINES

SOIL RESOURCESFormation of soil from rocks

Factors acting together on rocks to form soil

SOIL--is formed when rocks and other materials near the Earth’s surface are broken down by a number of processes collectively called weathering.

WEATHERING• It is the process by which rocks are

chemically altered or physically broken down into fragments at or near Earth’s surface.

• Two Forms:1. Mechanical Weathering – the process of

physically breaking rock into smaller fragment.

2. Chemical Weathering – a process in which rock is broken down by chemical reactions.

SOIL FORMATION

1. When a piece of rock is exposed to the sun, its outer part expands.

SOIL FORMATION

2. On cooling, at night time, the outer part of the rock contracts or shrink.

SOIL FORMATION

3. Once broken down, water enters the cracks causing some minerals to dissolve.

SOIL FORMATION

4. Air also enters the cracks, and oxygen in the air combines with some elements. Once soft and broken, bacteria and small plants start to grow in the cracks of the rock.

FACTORS ACTING TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO FORM SOIL

1. CLIMATE – expressed as both temperature and rainfall effects, is often considered the most powerful soil-forming factor.

A. Temperature – controls how fast chemical reactions occur. Mature soils have more silt and clay on or

near the surface.

FACTORS ACTING TOGETHER ON ROCKS TO FORM SOIL

B. Rainfall Water directly affects the movement of

soluble soil nutrients from the top soil to deep under the ground (leaching).

Acidic Rainwater may also contribute to the loss of minerals in soil resulting in low field

MINERAL RESOURCES

MINERALS--Are naturally occurring, nonliving,

solid with a definite structure and composition.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS1. Luster – is the way in which its surface

reflects light.

a. Metallic – generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

b. Non-metallic – vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull(earthy), greasy, etc.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS2. HARDNESS – is the resistance of a mineral to scratching.

MOHS HARDNESS SCALE

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS3. COLOR – depend on what element is present and abundant to a particular mineral

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS4. STREAK –the color of minerals in its powder form.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS5. Fracture – minerals that break with rough or jagged edger.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS6. CLEAVAGE –way the mineral breaks along flat smooth surface.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS7. DENSITY – depends on its chemical composition.

Minerals made up of elements with higher atomic masses have higher densities.

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS8. MAGNETISM – minerals containing iron are magnetic.

9. ACID TEST – use to find out if the minerals contain CO3.

MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE

PHILIPPINES

Important METALLIC MINERALS found in various parts of the

Philippines

• Gold• Copper• Iron• Chromite• Nickel• Cobalt• Platinum

The Philippines has also varied NONMETALLIC RESOURCES

• Sand• Gravel• Limestone• Marble• Clay• Other quarry materials

THE PHILIPPINES IS LISTED AS THE..

• 5th mineral country in the world• 3rd in Gold reserves• 4th in copper• 5th in nickel

WHY THE PHILIPPINES IS RICH IN MINERAL

RESOURCES?

Pacific Ring of Fire The richness of the Philippines in terms of

mineral resources is being attributed to its location in the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire.

This area is associated with over 450 volcanoes and is home to approximately 75% of World’s active Volcanoes.

Pacific Ring of Fire

Pacific Ring of Fire

WHY ARE MINERALS LOCATED WHERE THERE

ARE VOLCANOES?

ASSIGNMENTGive a list of mineral deposits in the Philippines and their location, and what geologic structures (active volcanoes, faults and trenches) are found near the location of the metallic deposits?

Metal, in symbols Metal, in words Province/Region where the metals

are found

Geologic Structure near the

location of the metallic Deposits

1.2.3.4...10.

THANK YOU!