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Russian Navy

Russian NavyВоенно-морской Флот Российской

ФедерацииVoyenno-Мorskoy Flot Rossiyskoy

Federatsii

Emblem of the Russian Navy

Active January 17th, 1992 – present(current form)

Allegiance  Russia

Branch Russian Armed ForcesType Navy

Size 133,000 (Including Marines, in2005)List of current Russian Navy ships

Garrison/HQ Admiralty building, Saint Petersburg

Anniversaries Navy Day (last Sunday in July)Submariner's Day (19 March)

Engagements As Russian Navy:•• First Chechen war•• Second Chechen War•• Georgia-Russia War•• Anti Piracy operation in Somalia•• Crimean Crisis (2014)

CommandersAdmiral Viktor Chirkov

InsigniaNaval Ensign

Naval Jack

Navies of Russia

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Imperial Russia

Navy (1696–1917)

Soviet Union

Soviet Navy (1918–1991)

Russian Federation

Russian Navy (1991–Present[1])

The Russian Navy (Russian: Военно-морской Флот Российской Федерации (ВМФ России), tr. Voyenno-morskoyFlot Rossiyskoy Federatsii (VMF Rossii), lit. Military-Maritime Fleet of the Russian Federation) is the naval arm ofthe Russian military. The present Russian Navy was formed in January 1992, succeeding the Navy of theCommonwealth of Independent States, which had itself succeeded the Soviet Navy following the dissolution of theSoviet Union in December 1991.The regular Russian Navy was established by Peter the Great (Peter I) in October 1696. Ascribed to Peter I is the oftquoted statement: "A ruler that has but an army has one hand, but he who has a navy has both." The symbols of theRussian Navy, the St. Andrew's flag and ensign (seen to the right), and most of its traditions were establishedpersonally by Peter I.Neither Jane's Fighting Ships nor the International Institute for Strategic Studies list any standard ship prefixs for thevessels of the Russian Navy. For official U.S. Navy photographs, they are sometimes referred to as "RFS" —"Russian Federation Ship". However, the Russian Navy does not use this convention for itself.The Russian Navy possesses the vast majority of the former Soviet naval forces, and currently comprises theNorthern Fleet, the Russian Pacific Fleet, the Russian Black Sea Fleet, the Russian Baltic Fleet, the Russian CaspianFlotilla, Naval Aviation, and the coastal troops (consisting of the naval infantry and the coastal missile and artillerytroops).A recently approved rearmament program has placed the development of the navy on an equal footing with thestrategic nuclear forces for the first time in Soviet and Russian history. The program, covering the period until 2015,is expected to see the replacement of 45 percent of the inventory of the Russian Navy.[2] Out of 4.9 trillion rubles($192.16 billion) allocated for military rearmament, 25 percent will go into building new ships. "We are alreadybuilding practically as many ships as we did in Soviet times," First Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov said duringa visit to Severodvinsk in July 2007, "The problem now is not lack of money, but how to optimize production so thatthe navy can get new ships three, not five, years after laying them down."[3]

The Russian Navy suffered severely since the dissolution of the Soviet Union due to insufficient maintenance, lackof funding and subsequent effects on the training of personnel and timely replacement of equipment. Anothersetback is attributed to Russia's domestic shipbuilding industry which is reported to have been in decline as to theircapabilities of constructing contemporary hardware efficiently. Some analysts even say that because of this Russia'snaval capabilities have been facing a slow but certain "irreversible collapse".[4][5] Some analysts say that the recentrise in gas/oil prices have enabled a sort of 'Renaissance of the Russian Navy' due to increased available funds,which may allow Russia to begin 'developing the capacity to modernize.

Origins

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Armed Forces of theRussian Federation

•• Ministry of Defence

Services (vid)

• Russian Air Force• Russian Ground Forces• Russian Navy

Independent troops (rod)

• Strategic Missile Troops• Russian Aerospace Defence Forces• Russian Airborne Troops

Other troops

•• Naval Infantry•• Naval Aviation•• Missiles and Artillery Agency•• Railway Troops

Ranks of the Russian Military

•• Air Force ranks and insignia•• Army ranks and insignia•• Navy ranks and insignia

History of the Russian military

•• Military history of Russia•• History of Russian military ranks•• Military ranks of the Soviet Union

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•• v•• t• e [6]

Flag of the Commander-in-Chief,Russian Navy.

The origins of the Russian navy may be traced to the period between the 4thand the 6th century. The first Slavic flotillas consisted of small sailing shipsand rowboats, which had been seaworthy and able to navigate in riverbeds.During the 9th through 12th centuries, there were flotillas in the Kievan Rus'consisting of hundreds of vessels with one, two, or three masts. The citizensof Novgorod are known to have conducted military campaigns in the BalticSea (e.g., the siege of Sigtuna in 1187) - although contemporary Scandinaviansources state that the fleet was from Karelia or Estonia. Lad'ya (ладья inRussian, or sea boat) was a typical boat used by the army of Novgorod(length 30 meters with a width of five to six meters, and two or three masts,with the armament of battering rams and catapults, complement: 50 to 60men). There were also smaller sailboats and rowboats, such as ushkuys

(ушкуи) for sailing in rivers, lakes and skerries, kochis (кочи), and nosads (носады), used for cargo transportation.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Cossacks conducted military campaigns against the Crimean Khanate andOttoman Empire, using sailboats and rowboats. The Don Cossacks called them strugs (струг). These boats werecapable of transporting up to 80 men. The Cossack flotillas numbered 80 to 100 boats. The centralized Russian statehad been fighting for its own access to the Baltic Sea, Black Sea and Sea of Azov since the 17th Century. By the endof that century, the Russians had accumulated some valuable experience in using riverboats together with landforces.Under Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich, the construction of the first three-masted ship to be built entirely within Russiawas finished in 1636. She was built in Balakhna by Danish shipbuilders from Holstein with a European design. Shewas christened the Frederick. In 1667-69, the Russians tried to build naval ships in a village of Dedinovo on theshores of the Oka River for the purpose of defending the trade routes along the Volga River, which led to theCaspian Sea. In 1668, they built a 26-gun ship, the Oryol (Орёл, or "eagle"), a yacht, a boat with a mast andbowsprit, and a few rowboats.During much of the seventeenth century Russian merchants and Cossacks, using koch boats, sailed across the WhiteSea, exploring the rivers Lena, Kolyma and Indigirka, and founding settlements in the region of the upper Amur.Unquestionably the most celebrated Russian explorer was Semyon Dezhnev, who, in 1648, sailed the entire length ofpresent-day Russia along the Arctic coast. Rounding the Chukotsk Peninsula, Dezhnev passed through the BeringSea and sailed into the Pacific Ocean.

Imperial Russian NavyMain article: Imperial Russian NavyThe regular Russian Navy was created at the initiative of Peter the Great. During the Second Azov campaign of 1696 against Ottoman Empire, the Russians employed for the first time 2 warships, 4 fireships, 23 galleys and 1300 strugs, built on the Voronezh River. After the Azov fortress was taken, at Peter I's request the Boyar Duma understood the vital importance of a navy for successful warfare and passed a decree on commencing the construction of a regular navy on 20 October 1696.[7][8] This date is considered the official birthday of the regular Russian Navy. Early on in his reign, Peter made a tour to western Europe, England, and Holland. In Holland, he became acquainted with the work of the mathematicians Hans Gouda, Dirk Raven, and Hans Isbrandtsen Hoogzaat, which sparked his enthusiasm for the value of mathematics. A major result of this tour was the hiring of large numbers of foreign specialists of various expertise, including mathematicians. Among those hired was Henry (or Harry) Farquharson,

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called in Russia Andrei Danilovich (Daniloff) Farkhvarson or Farvarson (1675–1739), who had taught mathematicsand astronomy at the University of Aberdeen and was recommended by Halley and Jacob Daniel Bruce(1670–1735), while John Colson was hired to teach Bruce mathematics. Farquaharson’s task in Russia was to createand administer a School of Mathematics and Navigation. It was under Farquharson’s guidance that he and Tsar Peterwrote the mathematics curriculum for the new school. He was accompanied by Stephen Gwyn (1684–1720) andRichard Grice (1682?–1709), who were graduates of the England’s Royal Mathematical School.Wikipedia:Citationneeded In 1700 at Voronezh the first major ships launched for the fledgling Russian Navy - for use with the AzovFleet — were the 58-gun Goto Predestinatsiya (God's Providence), the 80-gun Staryy Orel (Old Eagle), and the70-gun Staryy Dub (Old Oak).

Eugene Lanceray. Fleet of Peter the Great (1709).

During the Great Northern War of 1700-1721, theRussians built the Baltic Fleet and the city of St.Petersburg. In 1703-1723, the main base of theBaltic Fleet was located in St. Petersburg and thenin Kronshtadt. Other bases were later establishedin Vyborg, Helsingfors, Revel (now Tallinn) andÅbo. At first, Vladimirskiy Prikaz was in chargeof shipbuilding. Later on, these functions weretransferred to the Russian Admiralty.

Basic principles of the Russian Navy, itseducational and training methods, as well asmethods for conducting military action were allsummarized in the Naval Regulations [Морскойустав] (1720). Peter the Great, Feodor Apraksin,

Alexey Senyavin, Naum Senyavin, Mikhail Golitsyn are generally credited for the development of the Russian art ofnaval warfare. Main principles of naval warfare were further developed by Grigoriy Spiridov, Feodor Ushakov, andDmitriy Senyavin.

The Russo-Turkish Wars of Catherine the Great resulted in the establishment of the Black Sea Fleet, with its bases inSevastopol and Kherson. It was at that time that Russian warships started to venture into the Mediterranean on aregular basis. In 1770, Grigoriy Spiridov’s squadron gained supremacy in the Aegean Sea by destroying the Turkishfleet in the Battle of Chesma. After having advanced to the Danube, the Russians formed the Danube MilitaryFlotilla for the purpose of guarding the Danube estuary from the Turks and they came in 1771 as guests toDubrovnik in the Republic of Ragusa.[9] The Beluga caviar from the Danube was famous and the merchants from theRepublic of Ragusa dominated the import-export business in Serbia with the Habsburg Monarchy.[10] The RussianNavy captured in 1780 two British cargo vessels, their cargo were hemp and iron.[11] The Republic of Ragusabecame one of the chief carriers of the Mediterranean in 1783 with the help of the USA, when Britain acknowledgesthe United States independence, although the Americans agreed to allow Dubrovnik's ships free passage in theirports.During the Mediterranean expedition of 1799, Fyodor Ushakov single-handedly carved out the Greek Republic ofSeven Islands, proceeding to clear from the French Corfu and all the Ionian islands. His squadron then blocked theFrench bases in Italy, notably Genoa and Ancona, and successfully assaulted Naples and Rome. Ushakov,proclaimed a patron saint of the Russian Navy in the 21st century, was succeeded in command by Dmitriy Senyavinwho reasserted Russian control of the southern Adriatic, disrupted Dubrovnik's sea trade, and destroyed the OttomanFleet in the Battle of Athos (1807). Between 1803 and 1855, Russian sailors undertook over 40 circumnavigationsand distant voyages, which played an important role in exploration of the Far East and culminated in Fabian Gottliebvon Bellingshausen's discovery of Antarctica.

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The Russian Admiralty in St. Petersburg is famedfor a gilded steeple topped by a golden

weather-vane in the shape of a sailing ship.

Notwithstanding these triumphs, Russia’s slow technical and economicdevelopment in the first half of the 19th century caused her to fallbehind other world powers in the field of steamboat construction. Itwas in 1826 that the Russians built their first armed steamboat Izhora.At the outbreak of the Crimean War in 1853, steamships were few andsailing ships heavily predominated. The Battle of Sinope, won byPavel Nakhimov, is remembered in history as the last significant navalbattle involving sailing ships. During the Siege of Sevastopol in1854-1855, Russian sailors set an example of using all means possiblefor defending their base from land and sea. Although the Russiansintroduced modern naval mining in the Baltic and repelled the Siege ofPetropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy in the Pacific, Sevastopol was finallysurrendered on honourable terms but only after the Russians sank theirships to prevent outside use of the harbor. In accordance with theTreaty of Paris, Russia lost its right to have a military fleet in the BlackSea.

As a consequence, the Russian sailing fleet lost its significance andwas rapidly replaced by steamboats, including the first steel armored

gunship Opyt and one of the first seafaring ironclads Pyotr Velikiy. On 16 January 1877 Admiral Stepan Makarovbecame the first to launch torpedoes from a boat in combat. He also proposed the idea and oversaw the constructionof the world's first ocean-going icebreaker "Yermak", commanding it in two Arctic expeditions in 1899 and 1901. Atabout the same time, Aleksey Krylov elaborated the modern floodability theory.

The Russian Navy was considered the third strongest in the world on the eve of the Russo-Japanese War, whichturned to be a catastrophe for the Russian military in general and the Russian Navy in particular. Although neitherparty lacked courage, the Russians were defeated by the Japanese in the Battle of Port Arthur, which was the firsttime in warfare that mines were used for offensive purposes. The warships of the Baltic Fleet sent to the Far Eastwere lost in the Battle of Tsushima.Soon after the war Russia devoted a significant portion of its military spending to an ambitious shipbuilding programaimed at replacing lost warships with modern dreadnoughts. During World War I, the fleets played a limited role inthe Eastern Front, due to heavy defensive and offensive mining on both sides. Characteristically, the Black Sea Fleetsucceeded in mining the Bosporus, thus preventing the Ottoman Fleet from entering the Black Sea. After therevolution forced Russia to quit the war, the Baltic Fleet was evacuated from Helsinki and Tallinn to Kronshtadtduring the Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet and many of the ships of the Black Sea Fleet found their last refuge inBizerte.

Soviet NavyMain article: Soviet NavyFor the most part, Russian sailors welcomed the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which they participated. Earlier, in1905, sailors of the Imperial Russian battleship Potemkin in the Black Sea Navy revolted. In 1906 rebellious soldiersgained control of some Helsinki coastal fortifications during events known as the Viapori Rebellion, which wassubsequently put down, following bombardments from ships of the Baltic Fleet which remained loyal to the Tsaristgovernment. The first ship of the Soviet Navy could be considered to be the rebellious Imperial Russian cruiserAvrora, whose blank shot from its forecastle gun signaled the October Revolution according to Soviet narratives. InMarch 1921, the sailors of Kronshtadt rebelled against the Bolsheviks, demanding freedom of speech and closing ofconcentration camps, but this belated revolt was ruthlessly suppressed by Leon Trotsky.

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After the Revolution, the Navy's restoration was slow, and only with the beginning of industrialisation in 1930 was alarge shipbuilding program developed, but not accomplished before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, theSoviet Union's portion of World War II. As a result, the Soviet Navy during World War II consisted of some oldWorld War I-era ships, some modern pre-war built cruisers and destroyers, and a number of torpedo boats.Unfortunately, much of the Soviet fleet on the Baltic Sea was blocked in Leningrad and Kronshtadt by Finnish andGerman minefields during 1941–1944 and maimed by mines and air attacks, nevertheless numerous sorties by attackboats and submarines actions were conducted. On the Black Sea with the loss of the main naval base - Sevastopol,and effective actions of axis aviation as well as minefields the effectiveness of large surface ships was limited. TheNorthern Fleet, composed mostly of destroyers (World War I Novik-class and more modern design 7 and 7Uvessels), played a major role in anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defence of allied convoys heading to Murmansk.During the Cold War, the Soviets gave their navy a number of missions, in addition to its role as one of the legs ofthe nuclear triad, the navy was supposed to destroy American SSBNs and carrier groups, interdict NATO lines ofcommunications, and assist the ground forces in continental theatre offensives.[12] They were quick to equip theirsurface fleet with missiles of various sorts. In fact, it became a hallmark of Soviet design to place large anti-shipmissiles onto relatively small and fast missile boats. The Soviet Navy also possessed several very large guidedmissile cruisers with great firepower, such as those of the Kirov class and the Slava class cruisers. In the 1980s theSoviet Navy acquired its first true aircraft carrier, Tbilisi (subsequently renamed Admiral Kuznetsov).[13]

In some respects, including speed and reactor technology later Soviet submarines were, and remain, some of theworld's best. Their primary shortcomings were insufficient noise damping (American boats were quieter) and sonartechnology. The Soviets possessed numerous purpose-built guided missile submarines, such as the Oscar-classsubmarine, as well as many ballistic missile submarines, such as the Delta class submarines, and attack submarines,such as the Victor and Akula-class submarines. The Soviet Navy's Typhoon class ballistic missile boats are theworld's largest submarines. The Soviet attack submarine force was, like the rest of the navy, geared towards theinterception of NATO convoys, but also targeted American aircraft carrier battle groups.

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Modern Russian Navy

Russian Navy workuniform

The 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union led to a severe decline in the Russian Navy.Defense expenditures were severely reduced. Many ships were scrapped or laid up asaccommodation ships at naval bases, and the building program was essentially stopped.Sergey Gorshkov's buildup during the Soviet period had emphasised ships over supportfacilities, but Gorshkov had also retained ships in service beyond their effectivelifetimes, so a reduction had been inevitable in any event.[14] The situation wasexacerbated by the impractical range of vessel types which the Soviet military-industrialcomplex, with the support of the leadership, had forced on the navy - takingmodifications into account, the Soviet Navy in the mid-1980s had nearly 250 differentclasses of ship.[15] The Kiev class aircraft carrying cruisers and many other ships wereprematurely retired, and the incomplete second Admiral Kuznetsov class aircraft carrierVaryag was eventually sold to the People's Republic of China by Ukraine. Funds wereonly allocated for the completion of ships ordered prior to the collapse of the USSR, aswell as for refits and repairs on fleet ships taken out of service since. However, theconstruction times for these ships tended to stretch out extensively: in 2003 it wasreported that the Akula-class submarine SSN Nerpa had been under construction forfifteen years.[16] Storage of decommissioned nuclear submarines in ports near Murmanskbecame a significant issue, with the Bellona Foundation reporting details of loweredreadiness. Naval support bases outside Russia, such as Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam, weregradually closed, with the exception of the modest technical support base in Tartus, Syriato support ships deployed to the Mediterranean. Naval Aviation declined as well from itsheight as Soviet Naval Aviation, dropping from an estimated 60,000 personnel withsome 1,100 combat aircraft in 1992 to 35,000 personnel with around 270 combat aircraftin 2006.[17] In 2002, out of 584 naval aviation crews only 156 were combat ready, and 77 ready for night flying.Average annual flying time was 21.7 hours, compared to 24 hours in 1999.[18] However since 2002 these figuresmay have improved.Wikipedia:Citation needed

Training and readiness also suffered severely. In 1995, only two missile submarines at a time were being maintainedon station, from the Northern and Pacific Fleets.[19] The decline culminated in the loss of the Oscar II class Kursksubmarine during the Northern Fleet summer exercise that was intended to back up the publication of a new navaldoctrine.[20] The exercise was to have culminated with the deployment of the Admiral Kuznetsov task group to theMediterranean.Wikipedia:Citation neededAs of 2006, The Russian Navy had 50 nuclear submarines with only 26 operational compared to 170 in 1991. TheNavy planned to reduce the number to 20 submarines, including ten strategic missile submarines and tenmulti-purpose (attack) submarines, according to unofficial reports.[21]

As of February 2008, The Russian Navy had 44 nuclear submarines with 24 operational; 19 diesel-electricsubmarines - 16 operational; and 56 first and second rank surface combatants - 37 operational.[22] Despite thisimprovement, the November 2008 accident on board the Akula-class submarine attack boat Nerpa during sea trialsbefore lease to India represents a concern for the future.[23]

In 2009, Admiral Popov (Ret.), former commander of the Russian Northern Fleet, said that the Russian Navy wouldgreatly decline in combat capabilities by 2015 if the current rate of new ship construction remained unchanged, dueto the retirement of ocean going ships.[24]

In 2012, President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to build 51 modern ships and 24 submarines by 2020. Of the 24 submarines, 16 will be nuclear-powered. On 10 January 2013, the Russian Navy finally accepted its first new Borei class SSBN (Yury Dolgorukiy) for service.[25] A second Borei (Aleksandr Nevskiy) was undergoing sea trials and

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entered service in 21 December 2013.[26] A third Borei class boat (Vladimir Monomakh) was launched and begantrials in early 2013, and is expected to be commissioned in 2014.[27]

Flagship of the navy,"Admiral Kuznetsov".

Kirov-classbattlecruiser.

Akula-class submarine Vepr. Sovremenniy classdestroyer

Bezuprechnyy.

Steregushchy-class corvette.

Leadership

ADM Viktor Viktorovich Chirkov

•• 1991-1992 FADM Chernavin, Vladimir Nikolayevich•• 1992-Nov 1997 FADM Gromov, Felix Nikolayevich•• Nov 1997-Sep 2005 FADM Kuroyedov, Vladimir Ivanovich•• Sep 2005-Sep 2007 FADM Masorin, Vladimir Vasilyevich•• Sep 2007-May 2012 ADM Vysotskiy, Vladimir Sergeyevich• May 2012 – present ADM Chirkov, Viktor Viktorovich

Structure

Since 2012 the headquarters of the Russian Navy (Russian Navy MainStaff) is once again located in the Admiralty in Saint Petersburg.Russian naval manpower is a mixture of conscripts serving one-yearterms and volunteers (Officers and Ratings). In 2006 the IISS assessedthere were 142,000 personnel in the Russian Navy. As of 2008 theconscription term was reduced to one year and a major downsizing andreorganization were underway. In 2008, plans were announced to movethe headquarters to the Admiralty building in St. Petersburg, thehistoric location of the headquarters of the Imperial Russian Navy. TheNavy staff finally relocated there on November 2012.[28]

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Naval InfantryMain article: Naval Infantry (Russia)

Russian Naval Infantrymen during the VostokStrategic Exercise in Vladivostok, 2010.

The Russian Naval Infantry are the amphibious force of the RussianNavy and can trace their origins back to 1705, when Peter I issued adecree for an infantry regiment "of naval equipage". Since itsformation it has seen action in the Napoleonic Wars, the Crimean War,the Russo-Japanese War, the First and Second World Wars, and theChechen and Georgian conflicts. Under the leadership of AdmiralGorshkov during the Cold War, the Soviet Navy expanded the reach ofthe Naval Infantry and deployed it worldwide on numerous occasions,but since the dissolution of the Soviet Union its role has been greatlyreduced.

The Naval Infantry and Coastal Troops are led by the Deputy Commander for Naval Infantry/Commandant of theNaval Infantry of the Russian Navy, Major General (NI) Aleksandr Kolpatsenko. Their motto: "Where We Are,There is Victory!"

Naval AviationMain article: Russian Naval Aviation

A Sukhoi Su-33 from the 279th ShipborneFighter Aviation Regiment, on Admiral

Kuznetsov's flight deck.

The first naval aviation units in Russia were formed in 1912–1914 as apart of the Soviet Baltic Fleet and the Soviet Black Sea Fleet. Since itsformation, it has participated in the Russian Civil War, World War IIand in many other conflicts throughout Europe, the Middle East andAsia. During the Cold War the naval aviation pursued a policy ofdeploying large numbers of bombers in maritime strike roles to counterthe U.S. Navys extensive fleet of aircraft carriers, by 1989 it operatedover 1,000 fixed-wing aircraft with the majority being bombers such asthe Tu-22M "Backfire" and the Tu-16 "Badger".[29] Since the fall ofthe Soviet Union however, it has been significantly reduced in size.

As of 2007, the Russian Naval Aviation consists of the followingcomponents:[30]

•• Naval missile-carrying aviation;• Shore-based ASW aviation;• Attack (Shturmovik) Aviation;• Shore-based fighter aviation;• Reconnaissance aviation;•• Shipborne aviation (fighters and ASW aircraft);•• Auxiliary air units.

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Equipment

Ships and SubmarinesMain article: List of active Russian Navy ships

Military Districts and FleetsThe Russian Navy consists of four fleets and one flotilla subordinated to 3 of 4 of the newly formed JointOperational Strategic Commands.

Western Military District - Western Joint Strategic Command

Northern Fleet

The Northern Fleet, showing major bases andheadquarters.

Main article: Russian Northern FleetThe Russian Northern Fleet, established as a modern formation in1933, is headquartered at Severomorsk and spread around variousbases in the greater Murmansk area. This is the main fleet of theRussian Navy and currently comprises:

• Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier or "heavy aircraft-carryingcruiser”(1)

• Kirov class nuclear-powered cruiser (2)• Slava class cruiser (1)• Udaloy class destroyer (4)• Udaloy II class destroyer (1)• Sovremennyy class destroyer (1)

• Delta IV class submarine (6)• Typhoon class submarine (1)• Oscar-class submarine (2)• Sierra class submarine (2)• Akula-class submarine (5)• Victor class submarine (4)• Kilo class submarine (4)• Borei class submarine(1)[31]2 in sea trials• Yasen-class submarine 1 in sea trials

The Fleet also includes many corvettes, patrol ships, light amphibious ships and support and logistic ships.

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Baltic Fleet

Baltic Fleet HQ building in Kaliningrad.

Main article: Baltic FleetThe Baltic Fleet, established on 18 May 1703, is based in Baltiysk andKronshtadt, with its headquarters in the city of Kaliningrad,Kaliningrad Oblast. The Fleet consists of;[]

• Sovremennyy class destroyer (2)• Neustrashimy class frigate (2)• Steregushchy class corvette(3)• Kilo class submarine (2)• Lada class submarine (1)

The Baltic Fleet also includes many corvettes, patrol ships, minehunters, light amphibious ships and support vessels.

Southern Military District - Southern Joint Strategic Command

The Black Sea Fleet

Main article: Black Sea FleetThe Black Sea Fleet, established on 2 May 1783 and is based at the Sevastopol, Karantinnaya, and Streletskaya Baysin Sevastopol which is also the location of its headquarters, and at Novorossiysk in Krasnodar Kray. The fleet alsohas various other facilities on the Crimean Peninsula and facilities in Krasnodar Kray. The Fleet consists of;• Slava class cruiser (1)• Kara class cruiser (1)• Kashin class destroyer (1)• Burevestnik (Krivak) class frigate (2)• Kilo class submarine (1)The Fleet also includes a small number of corvettes, patrol and coastal protection ships, light amphibious ships, andsupport vessels.

Caspian Flotilla

Main article: Caspian FlotillaThe Caspian Flotilla, established on 4 November 1722, is based in Astrakhan and Makhachkala with its headquartersin Astrakhan. The Fleet consists of;• Tartarstan/Gepard class frigate (2)The Fleet also includes a 4 artillery and 3 rocket corvettes and some patrol ships.

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Eastern Military District - Eastern Joint Strategic Command

Pacific Fleet

Main article: Pacific Fleet (Russia)The Pacific Fleet, established on 10 May 1731 and is headquartered in Vladivostok and based around Vladivostokand Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy. The Fleet consists of;• Kirov class battlecruiser (1) - in conservation• Slava class cruiser (1)• Sovremennyy class destroyer (1)• Udaloy class destroyer (4)• Delta III class submarine (3)• Oscar-class submarine (2)• Akula-class submarine (5)• Kilo class submarine (7)The Pacific Fleet also includes coastal combatants such as corvettes, patrol ships, mine warfare ships, lightamphibious ships, and support vessels. There are also naval aviation and coastal troops and naval infantrycomponents.

Future and modernisationFurther information: Future of the Russian NavyThe recent improvement in the Russian economy has led to a significant rise in defence expenditure and an increasein numbers of ships under construction, focusing on submarines, such as the conventional Petersburg (Lada) classand nuclear Severodvinsk (Yasen) class. Some older ships have been refitted as well. Jane's Fighting Shipscommented in 2004 that the construction programme was too focused on Cold War scenarios, given the submarineemphasis.[32] The Steregushchiy class corvettes, the lead ship of which was laid down on 21 December 2001, is thefirst new surface construction since the collapse of the Soviet Union,[33] while the new Admiral Sergei Gorshkovclass frigates marks the first attempt of the Navy to return to the construction of large blue water capable vessels.[34]

Additionally, the Russian Navy also has plans to procure a new class of destroyer, the Project 21956.On 28 April 2010, the Ukrainian parliament ratified an agreement to extend Russia's lease of Crimean base facilitiesto 2042 with an option for five more years, through 2047.[35] Subsequent to the recent Russian annexation of Crimea,this agreement has been officially invalidated by the Russian Federation State Duma.The Russian Navy has also revealed that the Russia's Black Sea Fleet will receive 30 new ships by 2020 and willbecome self-sufficient with its own infrastructure in the Crimean peninsula. The fleet will be updated with newwarships, submarines, and auxiliary vessels within the next six years.The new ships being built for the Black Sea Fleet include six Admiral Grigorovich-class frigates and sixVarshavyanka-class (Improved Kilo-class) diesel-electric submarines.[36]

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Deployments and increase in activity

Missile cruiser Peter the Great during theexercise.

In the last years of the 1990s naval activity was very low. Even at theheight of the Kosovo war crisis a planned task group deployment to theMediterranean was reduced to the dispatch of the intelligence shipLiman. 2003 saw a major increase in activity, including several majorexercises. A May joint exercise with the Indian Navy saw two PacificFleet destroyers and four vessels from the Black Sea Fleet, led by theSlava-class cruiser Moskva, deployed for three months into the IndianOcean. The largest out-of-area deployment for a decade, the INDRA2003 exercise, was highlighted by a series of missile launches by twoTu-160s and four Tu-95s, which made a 5,400-mile (8,700 km) roundtrip flight from Engels-2 air base near Saratov to the exercise area.[37]

In August 2003 the Navy also participated in the Far Eastern exercise Vostok-2003, which saw the Slava-classcruiser Varyag and the Sovremennyy class destroyer Bystryy active, as well as an amphibious landing carried out bythree Pacific Fleet Ropucha class LSTs. Warships and helicopters from the Japanese and South Korean navies alsotook part. The Northern Fleet followed in January 2004 when thirteen ships and seven submarines took part inexercises in the Barents Sea. The involvement of Admiral Kuznetsov and Kirov-class battlecruiser nuclear-poweredcruiser Petr Velikiy was overshadowed however by two ballistic missile launch failures, made more embarrassingbecause President Vladimir Putin was afloat aboard the Typhoon-class SSBN Arkhangelsk to witness the tests.Neither of the Delta IV-class Novomoskovsk nor Kareliya were able to successfully launch what were apparentlyRSM-54 SLBMs.[38] Former Navy Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Kuroyedov's early dismissal may have resultedfrom these gaffes. He was replaced by Admiral Vladimir Masorin in September 2005.

Embarrassment for the Navy had continued, with a mine accident during rehearsals for the Baltic Fleet's celebrationof Navy Day in St. Petersburg in July 2005 and the Priz class mini-submarine AS-28 having to be rescued by a jointBritish/U.S. effort using a Royal Navy unmanned submersible in the Far East in early August 2005. Howeverexercises and operations continued - Peace Mission 2005 in August 2005 involved a new level of cooperationbetween Russia and the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy. Two months later the Slava-class cruiser Varyagled Russian participation in INDRA 2005, held off Vishakapatnam between 14 and 20 October 2005. It includedsurface firings, air defence, and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) exercises.[39]

Admiral Vladimir Vysotskiy became Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy on September 11, 2007, havingmoved up from the Northern Fleet, which he had commanded since September 2005.[40]

On October 16, 2008, the speaker of Russia's upper house of parliament did not preclude Russia asking for aresumption of a naval presence in Yemen. Authorities in the Middle East country had been calling on Moscow tohelp fight piracy and possible terrorist threats. The U.S.S.R. had a major naval support base on Socotra Island of theformer socialist state of South Yemen, which merged with North Yemen in 1990 to form the present-day Yemen.Speaking to journalists in Sana, the capital of Yemen, Federation Council Speaker Sergey Mironov said the newdirection of Russia's foreign and defense policies and an increase in its naval missions would be taken intoconsideration when making a decision on the request. "It's possible that the aspects of using Yemen ports not onlyfor visits by Russian warships, but also for more strategic goals will be considered," he said. Mironov also said avisit to Russia by the president of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, could take place in the near future and that the issueof military technical cooperation could be raised during his visit.[41] Security Council chief Nikolay Patrushev saidon 6 August 2012 that Russia will build a string of naval bases along its northern coast in the Arctic zone to serve asresupply bases for Russian warships and border guard vessels.

Russian Navy 15

Western Atlantic and U.S. eastern seaboard• In August 2009, the news media reported that two Akula-class submarines operated off the East Coast of the

United States, with one of the submarines being identified as a Project 971 Shchuka-B type. U.S. military sourcesnoted that this was first known Russian submarine deployment to the western Atlantic since the end of the ColdWar, raising concerns within U.S. military and intelligence communities.[42] The U.S. Northern Commandconfirmed that this 2009 Akula-class submarine deployment did occur.

• In August 2012, the news media reported that another Akula-class submarine operated in the Gulf of Mexicopurportedly undetected for over a month, sparking controversy within U.S. military and political circles, with U.S.Senator John Cornyn of the Senate Armed Services Committee demanding details of this deployment fromAdmiral Jonathan W. Greenert, the Chief of Naval Operations.[43] ADM Greenert stated that no Russiansubmarine had operated in the Gulf of Mexico.

North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea• In February 2008 a Russian naval task force completed a two-month deployment in the Mediterranean Sea and

the North Atlantic which started on December 4, 2007. The operation was the first large-scale Russian Navydeployment to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean in 15 years. The task force included the Kuznetsov-Classaircraft carrier Kuznetsov, the Udaloy-Class destroyers Admiral Levchenko and Admiral Chabanenko, and theSlava-Class guided missile cruiser Moskva, as well as auxiliary vessels. During the operation the navy practicedrescue and counter-terror operations, reconnaissance, and missile and bomb strikes on the (theoretical) enemy'snaval task force. Over 40 Russian Air Force aircraft took part in joint exercises with the navy as well.[44]

Vice-Admiral Nikolay Maksimov, the Northern Fleet commander, said during the operations that the deploymentwas aimed at ensuring Russia's naval presence "in key operational areas of the world's oceans" and establishingconditions for secure Russian maritime navigation. "After this visit to the Mediterranean and France, the first in15 years, we will establish a permanent presence in the region" he said.[][] Admiral Vladimir Vysotskiy summedup the results in February saying: "What is important is that we have appeared [in the Atlantic and theMediterranean] at a scheduled time and not just that we appeared there. We'll do all we can to build up ourpresence where Russia has strategic interests", adding that Russia intended to carry out similar missions onceevery six months.[45]

• In October, 2008, a naval task group from the Northern Fleet, comprising the nuclear-powered missile cruiserPyotr Velikiy, the large ASW ship Admiral Chabanenko, and support ships, left their homeport of Severomorsk innorthern Russia on September 22 and is currently in the northern Atlantic, having covered a distance of 1,000nautical miles (2,000 km) in a week. "Having some spare time before a joint exercise with the Venezuelan navy,which is planned for November 2008, the warships will perform a number of tasks in the Mediterranean Sea andvisit several Mediterranean ports, including Tripoli," the Navy's press service said in a statement. Russianwarships are scheduled to participate in joint naval exercises with the Venezuelan navy in the Caribbean onNovember 10–14, in line with the 2008 training program, and in order to expand military cooperation withforeign navies.[46] These exercises actually took place on 1 December.

• October 11, 2008, Russian warships bound for Venezuela, including the nuclear-powered cruiser Pyotr Veliky(Peter the Great), put in Saturday at the Libyan port of Tripoli for resupply.[47]

• From Venezuela the Petr Velikiy proceeded to a port call in Cape Town, South Africa, then participated in theINDRA-2009 exercise off western India, briefly engaged in counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, andreturned to its homeport of Severomorsk in March 2009.

• A group of Pacific Fleet ships arrived in the Mediterranean Sea on 15 May 2013 having sailed from Vladivostock on 19 March 2013.[48] The Udaloy class destroyer Admiral Panteleyev, the Ropucha class landing ships Peresvet and Admiral Nevelskoy, the Pechenga tanker and the Fotiy Krylov rescue tug will augment the Russian Navy's grouping there, and will carrying out tasks in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The Pacific Fleet ships will

Russian Navy 16

practise activities jointly with forces from other Russian navy fleets and make a number of business calls at portsin the region, including a call at Limassol, Cyprus, on 17 May 13.[49]

• The Baltic Fleet Ropucha class landing ships Kaliningrad, Aleksandr Shabalin and Azov arrived at Novorossiysknaval base on 14 May 13 having completed their duties in the Mediterranean. The Baltic Fleet ships will spendseveral weeks at Novorossiysk undergoing checks and maintenance and replenishing supplies before resumingtheir duties in the Mediterranean.[50]

• The Northern Fleet's Udaloy class destroyer Vitse-Admiral Kulakov was reported to be heading for the Atlantic on20 May 13 after completing a visit to Norway. The ship had been taking part in the Russian-NorwegianPomor-2013 exercise and is expected to take on supplies from the tanker Vyazma while at anchor in the North Seabefore undertaking a lengthy voyage in the north eastern regions of the Atlantic Ocean.[51]

• On 1 June 2013, Navy Commander Adm Viktor Chirkov said that the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier is"expected to put out and perform a number of missions in an offshore oceanic zone as part of a group. NorthernFleet naval pilots will perform a number of missions on board this cruiser during the long-range mission." He alsostated that the ship's deployment might be as part of a permanent operational group in the Mediterranean. Inpreparing for the deployment the ships' airwing would not be using the NITKA pilot training facility located inUkraine.[52]

SyriaMain article: Russian naval base in Tartus• In September 2008, it was reported that Russia and Syria conducted talks about permitting Russia to develop and

enlarge its Russian naval base in Syria in order to establish a stronger naval presence in the Mediterranean,[53] andamidst the deteriorating Russia relations with the west in conjunction with the 2008 South Ossetia war and theplans to deploy US missile defense shield in Poland, it has even been asserted that president Assad has agreed toTartus port’s conversion into a permanent Middle East base for Russia’s nuclear-armed warships. Moscow andDamascus additionally announced that it would be renovating the port, although there was no mention in theSyrian press.[54]

• On September 22, 2008, Russian Navy spokesman Igor Dygalo said the nuclear-powered Peter the Great cruiser,accompanied by three other ships, sailed from the Northern Fleet's base of Severomorsk. The ships will coverabout 15,000 nautical miles (28,000 km) to conduct joint maneuvers with the Venezuelan navy. Dygalo refused tocomment on Monday's report in the daily Izvestia claiming that the ships were to make a stopover in the Syrianport of Tartus on their way to Venezuela. Russian officials said the Soviet-era base there was being renovated toserve as a foothold for a permanent Russian navy presence in the Mediterranean.

• In late November 2011, Pravda and Reuters wrote that a naval flotilla led by the aircraft carrier Kuznetsov wouldsail to its naval base in Tartus as a show of support for the al-Assad regime. Such a visit is not possible becausethe lengths of all of Russia's current modern warships exceed the size of the two 100 meter piers located at theRussian leasehold in Tartus. (see next paragraph)

• On 29 November 2011, Army General Nikolay Makarov, Chief of the Russian General Staff, said that sendingships of the Russian Navy to the Mediterranean Sea is linked to exercises and not to the situation in Syria. "In theevent of necessity, namely to carry out repairs, to take water and food on board and to allow rest for the crews,Russian ships may visit Tartus but in this case this has not been included in the plan of the trip," the Interfaxsource said. He also noted that the size of Admiral Kuznetsov does not allow it to moor in Tartus because the portdoes not have suitable infrastructure, i.e. large enough mooring.[55]

Russian Navy 17

Caribbean Sea• On September 8, 2008, it was announced that the Pyotr Velikiy would sail to the Caribbean Sea in order to

participate in naval exercises with the Venezuelan Navy. This action would represent the first major Russianshow of force in that sea since the end of the Cold War.[56] On 22 September the Kirov class nuclear missilecruiser Petr Velikiy and the Udaloy class large anti-submarine ship Admiral Chabanenko, accompanied bysupport vessels, left their homeport of Severomorsk for naval exercises with Venezuela scheduled for earlyNovember 2008.[57]

• On November 25, 2008, a group of warships from Russia's Northern Fleet arrived at the Venezuelan port of LaGuaira. "The Udaloy class destroyer Admiral Chabanenko has docked in port, while the Pyotr Veliky missilecruiser has dropped anchor off La Guaira," said Capt. 1st Rank Igor Dygalo[58]

• It was reported on 13 May 2013 that the Russian Navy is planning a foray into the Atlantic and as far as LatinAmerica during the summer. Navy Deputy Commander-in-Chief Vice-Adm Aleksandr Fedotenkov stated thatships of the Black Sea Fleet, led by the Slava-class cruiser Moskva will join vessels from the Baltic and NorthernFleets in conducting training in the Atlantic, including visits to unidentified Latin American ports. Thedeployment is planned for late summer to early autumn and will be completed in October.[59]

East Africa: Somali Coast• On September 24, 2008, the Russian Neustrashimyy left its home base at Baltiysk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, for

counter-piracy operations near the Somali coast, said Russian Navy spokesman Captain 1st Rank IgorDygalo.[60][61]

•• On November 19, 2008, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral Vysotskiy, speaking to the officialnews agency, RIA Novosti, stated that the Russian Navy would send additional vessels to the area.

• From January 11 through 17 March 2009, the Admiral Vinogradov took up the counter-piracy mission from theNeustrashimyy and upon completion took a course home to Vladivostok by way of a port visit to Jakarta,Indonesia 24–28 March 2009.[62][63]

• From 26 April through 7 June 2009, the Pacific Fleet destroyer Admiral Panteleyev took up counter-piracy dutiesin the Gulf of Aden, having left Vladivostok at the end of March 2009 to relieve the Admiral Vinogradov. Itreturned to Vladivostok on 1 July.[64]

• On 29 June 2009, the Pacific Fleet destroyer Admiral Tributs was preparing to depart Vladivostok to relieveAdmiral Panteleyev for counter-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden. Depending on the situation, thedeployment could last from two to six months.[65]

Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea• On 11 January 2009, Army General Makarov - Chief of the Russian General Staff - announced that the Kirov

class nuclear-powered cruiser Petr Velikiy and five other ships would take part in exercises with the Indian Navyin late January 2009 [66]

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Russian Navy 18

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[13] " The Self-Designing High-Reliability Organization: Aircraft Carrier Flight Operations at Sea (http:/ / www. nwc. navy. mil/ press/ review/1998/ summer/ art7su98. htm)." Rochlin, G. I.; La Porte, T. R.; Roberts, K. H. Footnote 39. Naval War College Review. Autumn, 1987, Vol.LI, No. 3.

[14][14] CSRC B58[15] Captain First Rank S Topichev, 'What Fleet we had and how it should be reformed today', Morskoy sbornik (in Russian), No.12, 1996, p.13,

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B58, December 2002[19] IISS Military Balance 1997/98, p.102[20] Foreword to Jane's Fighting Ships 2001-02, p.80[21] 3rd Atomic Submarine of the 4th Generation to be Ready in 5 years (http:/ / www. commersant. com/ p658895/

3rd_Atomic_Submarine_of_the_4th_Generation_to_be_Ready_in_5_years/ ) (Kommersant)[22][22] Kommersant VLAST No.7(760) 25 February 2008[23] The Next Arms Race (http:/ / apac2020. the-diplomat. com/ feature/ the-next-arms-race/ )[24] Russian Navy could be in dire straits by 2015 - expert (http:/ / www. globalsecurity. org/ wmd/ library/ news/ russia/ 2009/

russia-091127-rianovosti04. htm)[25] http:/ / rt. com/ news/ yury-dolgoruky-submarine-ceremony-678/[26] New Russian Ballistic Missile Sub To Join Fleet (http:/ / idrw. org/ ?p=31047)[27] http:/ / en. ria. ru/ military_news/ 20130610/ 181601631/ Russias-Third-Borey-Class-Sub-Blessed-for-Sea-Trials. html[28] "Russian Navy HQ Moves to St. Petersburg", RIA Novosti, October 31, 2012 (http:/ / en. ria. ru/ mlitary_news/ 20121031/ 177077223.

html)[29] Aviatsiya Voyenno-Morskoyo Flota AV-MF (http:/ / www. globalsecurity. org/ military/ world/ russia/ av_mf. htm)[30][30] Air Forces Monthly, p. 65[31] Borei submarine ceremony (http:/ / rt. com/ news/ yury-dolgoruky-submarine-ceremony-678/ )[32] Foreword to Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005, p.30[33] Foreword to Jane's Fighting Ships, 2002-2003, p.79[34] Project 22350 Admiral Sergei Gorshkov (http:/ / www. globalsecurity. org/ military/ world/ russia/ 22350. htm). Globalsecurity.org.

Retrieved on 2010-09-09.[35] YouTube (http:/ / www. youtube. com/ watchv=35vpFAE4n08)[36] http:/ / rt. com/ news/ 158772-black-sea-fleet-ships/[37][37] Foreword to Jane's Fighting Ships, 2004-05, p.29[38][38] Jane's Fighting Ships, 2004-05, p.29[39][39] Jane's Fighting Ships , 2006-7, p.33[40] Russian Ministry of Defence, Navy Commander-in-Chief (http:/ / www. mil. ru/ eng/ 1862/ 12068/ 12088/ 12222/ 12373/ index. shtml).

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(2008-10-16). Retrieved on 2010-09-09.[42][42] ; ; and[43][43] ; ; ; and[44] Russian Mediterranean Naval Build-Up Challenges NATO Sixth Fleet Domination - Defense Update News Analysis (http:/ / www.

defense-update. com/ analysis/ analysis_091207_navy. htm)[45] Russia to build up presence in global ocean - navy commander (http:/ / en. rian. ru/ russia/ 20080203/ 98261888. html), RIA Novosti,

Retrieved on April 11, 2008[46] Russian warships head to Mediterranean | Russia|RIA Novosti (http:/ / en. rian. ru/ russia/ 20081001/ 117367978. html). En.rian.ru.

Retrieved on 2010-09-09.

Russian Navy 19

[47] Russian naval task force to visit Libya on Saturday | Russia|RIA Novosti (http:/ / en. rian. ru/ russia/ 20081008/ 117590763. html).En.rian.ru. Retrieved on 2010-09-09.

[48] UPI Arabic News Service, 0924 GMT 16 May 2013 (http:/ / docs. newsbank. com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39. 88-2004& rft_id=info:sid/ iw.newsbank. com:AWNB:null& rft_val_format=info:ofi/ fmt:kev:mtx:ctx& rft_dat=146578920250F0F8& svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggdocs&req_dat=787B728BE4FF4EEE919E134595DD9ADE)

[49][49] Interfax, Moscow 1031 GMT 08 May 13[50][50] Interfax-AVN, Moscow 0905 GMT 14 May 13[51] Interfax-AVN, Moscow, 0745 GMT 20 May 13 (http:/ / docs. newsbank. com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39. 88-2004& rft_id=info:sid/ iw.

newsbank. com:AWNB:BBAB& rft_val_format=info:ofi/ fmt:kev:mtx:ctx& rft_dat=146684337345CF08& svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggdocs&req_dat=787B728BE4FF4EEE919E134595DD9ADE)

[52] Interfax-AVN military news agency, Moscow, in English 0620 gmt 3 Jun 13; Interfax-AVN military news agency, Moscow, in Russian0805, 0617 gmt 3 Jun 13/BBC Monitoring © British Broadcasting Corporation 2013 (http:/ / docs. newsbank. com/ openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004& rft_id=info:sid/ iw. newsbank. com:AWNB:BBAB& rft_val_format=info:ofi/ fmt:kev:mtx:ctx& rft_dat=146B216AD9F9DB48&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggdocs& req_dat=787B728BE4FF4EEE919E134595DD9ADE)

[53] David R. Sands, "Russia Expanding Navy into Mediterranean Sea", The Washington Times, August 7, 2007.[54] “Syria and Russia strengthen naval cooperation” (http:/ / www. haaretz. com/ hasen/ spages/ 1020643. html) Itar-Tass news agency via

Haaretz. Retrieved September 12, 2008.[55][55] Interfax, Moscow 1250 GMT 29 Nov 11[56] Reuters: Russia says to send battleship to Caribbean Sea (http:/ / news. yahoo. com/ story/ / nm/ 20080908/ wl_nm/

russia_venezuela_navy_dc)[57][57] [ITAR-TASS 1007GMT 22 Sep 2008][58] Russian naval task force starts Venezuela visit - 2 | World|RIA Novosti (http:/ / en. rian. ru/ world/ 20081125/ 118521168. html). En.rian.ru

(2008-11-25). Retrieved on 2010-09-09.[59][59] Interfax-AVN military news agency, Moscow, in Russian 1410 GMT 13 May 1[60][60] Moscow Interfax-Agenstvo Voyennykh Novostey 24 Sep 2008[61] (The Ukrainian merchant vessel Faina was seized by Somali pirates on 25 September. The deployment of the Neustrashimyy was not in

response to the seizure of the Faina.)[62][62] Moscow ITAR-TASS 1754 GMT 11 Jan 2008, Moscow INTERFAX 1641 GMT 11 Jan 2008[63] Морская коллегия. - Новости. Отряд кораблей Тихоокеанского флота в составе большого противолодочного корабля «Адмирал

Виноградов» и танкера «Борис Бутома» закончил патрулирование в районе Африканского рога (http:/ / www. morskayakollegiya. ru/news/ obshchie_novosti/ 2009/ 03/ 30/ 394). Morskayakollegiya.ru (2010-08-30). Retrieved on 2010-09-09.

[64] "Адмирал Пантелеев" вернулся во Владивосток после успешно выполненной миссии -Русское зарубежье, российскиесоотечественники, русские за границей, русские за рубежом, соотечественники, русскоязычное население, русские общины, диаспора,эмиграция (http:/ / www. russkie. org/ index. php?module=fullitem& id=15942). Russkie.org. Retrieved on 2010-09-09.

[65] Телеканал "Звезда" (http:/ / www. tvzvezda. ru/ ?id=311552). Tvzvezda.ru. Retrieved on 2010-09-09.[66][66] Moscow ITAR-TASS 1125 GMT 11 Jan 09

Further reading• Reuben Johnson, 'Russian Navy 'faces irreversible collapse,' Jane's Defence Weekly, 15 July 2009, and link to

original Russian article at ВМФ умрет в ближайшие годы (http:/ / nvo. ng. ru/ realty/ 2009-07-03/ 1_vmf. html).Nvo.ng.ru (2009-07-03). Retrieved on 2010-09-09.

• "Russia Will Not Build Aircraft Carriers Till 2010." RIA Novosti. May 16, 2005. (Via Lexis-Nexis, July 27,2005).

External links• Kommersant-Vlast, Translation of 'The Entire Russian Fleet' (http:/ / www. militaryphotos. net/ forums/

showthread. php?t=131413), 2008• Russian Navy (http:/ / rusnavy. com/ )• Lists of Russian Naval Vessels (World Navies Today) (http:/ / www. hazegray. org/ worldnav/ ): This site has not

been updated since 2003.• Russian Navy Weapons (http:/ / milit. ru/ )• Ships of Russia (http:/ / navalstory. com/ )• Russian Navy History (http:/ / www. neva. ru/ EXPO96/ contents. html)

Russian Navy 20

• A Brief Guide to the Russian Navy (http:/ / www. aeronautics. ru/ archive/ fleet/ russian/ )Wikipedia:Link rot• Video: Russia’s naval task force exercises in the Atlantic. (http:/ / en. rian. ru/ video/ 20080128/ 97826161. html)• Official web site of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (http:/ / www. mil. ru/ ) In Russian• (English) Russian Navy 2011 - Complete Ship List (http:/ / russian-ships. info/ eng/ today/ )

Article Sources and Contributors 21

Article Sources and ContributorsRussian Navy  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=610477029  Contributors: 23 editor, 2812, 6789qwr, Accurizer, Adnan bogi, AktiNo, Ala.foum, Aldis90, AlexPU,Alexkvaskov, Altenmann, Amble, Angusmclellan, Antiochus the Great, Appraiser, ArmadilloFromHell, Atchom, Attilios, BD2412, Balcer, Belligero, Benvogel, Blahdumb, Bobo192, Bobrayner,Bonewah, Boreas74, Brandmeister, Brandmeister (old), BrightStarSky, BrokenSphere, Btphelps, Buckshot06, CIL86, Canis Lupus, Chris the speller, Ckatz, Commecicommeça,CommonsDelinker, CraigWyllie, Dale101usa, Darlene4, Darz Mol, Davbad1, David Biddulph, Dendirrek, Derim Hunt, Dewritech, DimaY2K, DmitryKo, DonkeyKong876, Doru001, Dourios,DragonHawk, Dricherby, Dthomsen8, Durova, Edward, Elfguy, ElinorD, Encyclopedist, Eurocopter, F-kun, F.desert, Fdutil, Fedoroff, Fisenko, Fnlayson, Fry1989, G PViB, Gabriel Kielland,Ghirlandajo, GiW, Giraffedata, Glcm1, Grafikm fr, Green Giant, Greyhood, Guest2625, Guinness man, HHaeckel, HarDNox, Haryana-shakti, Haus, Hcobb, Hemlock Martinis, Hibernian,Hmains, Homan05, Hornet24, Hu12, Illegitimate Barrister, Ilya1166, JMRAMOS0109, JamesAM, Jezzabr, Jno, John, John Fader, John Smith's, Jonathan.s.kt, KNewman, KaizenIT, Kallemax,Kapnisma, Kevincollins1012, Khazar2, Kimdino, Klemen Kocjancic, Kommandant45, Koov, Kouber, Krawndawg, Lacrimosus, Lamro, Lamzhiliang, Leonid Kharitonov, Lightmouse, LionelShionel, LokiiT, LuK3, Lugnuthemvar, Luke519, Lyulkov, MA1988, Malick78, Marcd30319, Mark Schierbecker, Materialscientist, Mathieu121, Mboverload, Mcarling, Meco, Mikko Paananen,Miyokan, Mogism, Morven, Moryak, Mrg3105, Mschiffler, Mykey1304, N328KF, Nanobear, Niceguyedc, Nigel Ish, Nightstallion, Noclador, Nohomers48, OOODDD, ObscureReality,Oceanhahn, Octane, Onopearls, Opalamy, Optimist on the run, Oytun 73, Panarjedde, Papastis, Parsecboy, Pavel Vozenilek, PepeEscobar, Petri Krohn, Polylerus, Q43, QX100, R'n'B, R530,Rademire, Rangoon11, Raoulduke47, Reenem, Rettetast, Rif Winfield, Risingthunder, Rjwilmsi, Rlandmann, Rohan nog, Sean Clark, Secretlondon, Sp33dyphil, SpigotMap, Squiddy, Ssolbergj,StAnselm, Stanislav-1969, Starcraftmazter, Steve Sheehy, Strong-russia, Subman941, Superzohar, Suwa, Sv1xv, TAnthony, Tatrgel, Tawoo, Thk777, Tijuana Brass, TimBentley, Titoxd,Toodybeer, Topbanana, Toyokuni3, Travisyoung, U5K0, Ugen64, Ukrained, Veyklevar, ViriiK, VivaEmilyDavies, Vonrenouard, Walle83, Welsh, Wiki Mateo, WilliamJE, Wodrow, WooteleF,Yachthunter, Yattum, Yegor Chernyshev, Yuriybrisk, Zasiay, Zscout370, Олег73рус, Федоров, 329 ,زرشک anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Emblem of the Военно-Морской Флот Российской Федерации.svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Emblem_of_the_Военно-Морской_Флот_Российской_Федерации.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: F l an k e rFile:Flag of Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Anomie, Zscout370File:Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(obverse).svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: F l a n k e rImage:Naval Ensign of Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Naval_Ensign_of_Russia.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:SeNeKa, User:Zscout370Image:Naval Jack of Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Naval_Jack_of_Russia.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: User:Zscout370Image:Flag_of_Russia.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Russia.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Anomie, Zscout370Image:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: A1, Ahmadi, AlexSmotrov, Alvis Jean, Art-top, BagnoHax, Beetsyres34, Brandmeister, Cathy Richards, Counny, Cycn, Denniss, Dynamicwork, ELeschev, Endless-tripper, Ericmetro, EugeneZelenko, F l a n k e r,Fred J, Fry1989, G.dallorto, Garynysmon, Herbythyme, Homo lupus, Illegitimate Barrister, Jake Wartenberg, MaggotMaster, MrAustin390, Ms2ger, Nightstallion, Palosirkka, Patrickpedia,PeaceKeeper97, Pianist, R-41, Rainforest tropicana, Sebyugez, Skeezix1000, Solbris, Storkk, Str4nd, Tabasco, ThomasPusch, Toben, Twilight Chill, Xgeorg, Zscout370, Полиционер, Серп,Тоны4, 65 anonymous editsImage:Medium emblem of the Вооружённые Силы Российской Федерации.svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Medium_emblem_of_the_Вооружённые_Силы_Российской_Федерации.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: F l a n k e rImage:The Russian Federation Defence Ministry Apparatus Big Emblem.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:The_Russian_Federation_Defence_Ministry_Apparatus_Big_Emblem.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Araneus, Courcelles, Kjetil r, Kwasura,Mikhail Ryazanov, Scriber en, ShadowxfoxImage:Banner of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (obverse).svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Banner_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Russian_Federation_(obverse).svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0  Contributors: F l a n k e rImage:Medium emblem of the Сухопутные войска Российской Федерации.svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Medium_emblem_of_the_Сухопутные_войска_Российской_Федерации.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: F l a n k e rImage:Emblem of the Военно-Морской Флот Российской Федерации.svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Emblem_of_the_Военно-Морской_Флот_Российской_Федерации.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: F l an k e rImage:Medium emblem of the Космические войска Российской Федерации.svg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Medium_emblem_of_the_Космические_войска_Российской_Федерации.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: F l a n k e rFile:Big Emblem of Navy of the Russian Federation.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Big_Emblem_of_Navy_of_the_Russian_Federation.JPG  License: PublicDomain  Contributors: Original uploader was Zasiay at en.wikipediaFile:Lansereships.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lansereships.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Eugene Lanceray (painter). Original uploader wasGhirlandajo at en.wikipediaFile:Admiralty.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Admiralty.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Ghirlandajo, Kaganer, Peterburg23, Sergey kudryavtsev, TomAltFile:RussianNavyWorkUniform.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RussianNavyWorkUniform.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: KeiFile:Russian aircraft carrier Kuznetsov.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Russian_aircraft_carrier_Kuznetsov.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Not stated.File:Kirov-class battlecruiser.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kirov-class_battlecruiser.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Camera Operator: MITSUOSHIBATAFile:Submarine Vepr by Ilya Kurganov crop.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Submarine_Vepr_by_Ilya_Kurganov_crop.jpg  License: Creative CommonsAttribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: ru:User:Курганов Илья Сергеевич, cropped by ru:User:VlsergeyFile:Bezuprechnyy.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bezuprechnyy.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Jeff HiltonFile:Corvette Steregushchiy.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Corvette_Steregushchiy.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: TungstenFile:Victor Tchirkov 21 feb 2011.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Victor_Tchirkov_21_feb_2011.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Contributors: Presidential Press and Information OfficeFile:RIAN archive 711423 Vostok 2010 Strategic Exercise in Vladivostok.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:RIAN_archive_711423_Vostok_2010_Strategic_Exercise_in_Vladivostok.jpg  License: unknown  Contributors: Vitaliy Ankov / Виталий АньковImage:Su27K (Su33) DD-SD-99-06153.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Su27K_(Su33)_DD-SD-99-06153.jpg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Ardfern,Dammit, Droni4ch, High Contrast, Joshbaumgartner, Megapixie, Nockson, PibwlFile:Map of Northern Fleet bases.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Map_of_Northern_Fleet_bases.png  License: Public domain  Contributors: Original uploader wasKallemax at en.wikipediaFile:Baltic fleet headquarters.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Baltic_fleet_headquarters.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike  Contributors:TtracyFile:Tactical exercises of the Russian Navy.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Tactical_exercises_of_the_Russian_Navy.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution3.0 Unported  Contributors: Igor Zarembo, Presidential Press and Information Office

License 22

LicenseCreative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/