Transcript
Page 1: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

THE RENAISSANCE

Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

Page 2: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

NEED TO DO: 1. Why the Renaissance started in Italy 2. Importance of patrons and examples 3. Developments in painting 4. Renaissance Artist in Italy: Da Vinci 5. Renaissance Artist OUTSIDE Italy: Bruegel 6. Renaissance Sculptor: Michelangelo 7. Changes to Renaissance architecture 8. Importance of the Printing Press 9. Renaissance Writer: Shakespeare 10. Renaissance Scientist: Galileo 11. Results of the Renaissance

Page 3: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

Why did the

Renaissance start in

Italy?

The ruins of the Roman Empire

inspired people to restore Rome to its former glory

Greek scholars that came to Italy

brought manuscripts with them. This made

the Romans interested in Greek

ideas.

Wealthy Italian merchants that

brought silks and spices from Asia had money to spend on buildings and art

Italian merchants also brought new ideas and became

critical of old ways of doing

things

Italy was divided into city-states.

These were open to new ideas and very competitive

The invention of the printing press meant books were cheaper and ideas

spread quicker

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LORENZO THE MAGNIFICANT Lorenzo de Medici was a famous patron of the arts

during the Renaissance. He ruled the city-state of Florence. The Medicis were extremely wealthy bankers. Their family loaned money even to kings and popes.

Lorenzo became the ruler of Florence at the young age of 20. He was extremely talented as a ruler and banker but also as a poet and an athlete.

He was known as ‘Lorenzo the Magnificant’ because he invited great painters and sculptors to his palaces and paid them to produce great works of art.

One Italian artist under Lorenzo was Michelangelo who produced the famous statue of David.

Lorenzo also paid people to buy or copy manuscripts abroad and then stored these manuscripts in his library which became the first public library in Europe

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PATRONS Why were patrons important?

These were wealthy people who were willing to pay for artists/sculptors to create works of art

Cosimo de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent are examples of patrons

Julius II and Leo X are example of popes who were patrons

Page 6: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

HOW WAS RENAISSANCE ART DIFFERENT FROM MEDIEVAL ART 1.

Medieval paintings were usually flat and lifeless

Renaissance artists created very lifelike paintings because:- They used perspective to make background objects seem far away. This gave depth to paintings- They studied anatomy (human body) and so could paint people with better accuracy

Page 7: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

2.

Medieval art usually dealt with religious subjects

only

Renaissance artists often painted ordinary people, scenes from nature, or classical themes from ancient Greece or Rome

3.Medieval

artists used egg-

whites to bind their paintings

Renaissance artists used oils instead of egg-white to bind their paints. Oil dries more slowly than egg-whites, which meant artists could improve their paintings by making changes to them

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SUMMARY: NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PAINTING Anatomy: artists cut up dead bodies to find out

about bones and muscles. Painting were made more real as a result

Perspective: adding depth to a painting. It made some objects small (far away) and other objects big (closer)

Portraits: these became popular e.g. Mona Lisa Sfumato: adding shading to a painting. Made

realistic shadows and skin tones Oil Paintings: used oil paint instead of egg whites to

mix their colours. This dried slower so mistakes could be fixed.

Canvas: paint dried more slowly on these so were less likely to crack

Frescos: paintings on wet plaster.

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KEYWORDS What is a fresco?A fresco is a painting done on damp plaster so that the painting became part of the plaster e.g. Michelangelo’s ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

http://vatican.com/tour/sistine_chapel_3D

Page 10: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

WHAT IS SFUMATO? Stumato is a painting technique which

Leonardo used to blur the outlines of figures and blend them into their surroundings

E.g. Leonardo’s Mona Lisa

Page 11: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

MAIN DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE RENAISSANCE 1. Art: 2. Architecture: 3.Sculpture: 4. Printing: 5. Science and Medicine:

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LEONARDO DA VINCI http://

stpaulscollege.ie/history/leonardo-da-vinci Renaissance man Master Verrocchio Mona Lisa-Sfumato The Last Supper-experimented with oils Painters Guild Worked for Duke of Sforza Notebooks-5,000 pages Dissected 30 bodies Discoveries-how rocks were formed and

dating of trees

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ARTIST OUTSIDE OF ITALY Pieter Bruegel-Netherlands Son of a poor peasant Pieter Coecke Van Aelst ‘The Gloomy Day’ Ordinary people ‘Children’s Games’

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Page 15: Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

MICHELANGELO Born near Florence in 1475 Apprenticed to Ghirlandaio Sculptured statues in gardens of the Medici family Lorenzo de Medici became his patron Sculptured the Pieta-statue of the dead Christ in his

mother’s arms Sculptured the 5 metre high statue of David in white

marble Hired by Pope Julius II to paints scenes from the Old

Testament on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel-fresco-took him 4 years

The Last Judgement-on the wall behind the alter of the Sistine Chapel

Before he died he designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

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ARCHITECTURE During the Renaissance, Gothic architecture

went out of fashion and there was a return to the old Roman style of building. Large domes, rounded arches and tall pillars became fashionable again

Filippo Brunelleschi, an Italian, designed the largest and most famous dome of all time. This is the dome of the cathedral in Florence, and it still dominates the skyline of that city.

Andrea Palladio, another Italian, was famous for designing large houses called villas. His ‘Palladian style’ was used throughout the world to build houses for wealthy people.

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EMO COURT IS A PALLADIAN STYLE VILLA IN IRELAND

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PRINTING PRESS-JOHANN GUTENGERG Goldsmith from Germany Invented the moveable printing press.The importance of printing: This meant books were more easily

available so more people began to read and write

Books became much cheaper New ideas spread more easily

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MOVEABLE PRINTING PRESS

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RENAISSANCE WRITER: SHAKESPEARE Born Stratford-on-Avon At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway When to London where he became an actor

and writer Formed a theatre group called ‘The King’s

Men’ They performed in the ‘Globe Theatre’ His plays were performed before Queen

Elizabeth I Tragedies=Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth Comedies=Merchant of Venice Wrote 150 sonnets (14 line poems)

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RENAISSANCE SCIENCE:Galileo Professor of Maths in Pisa Discovered that objects of different weights

fell at the same speed Also invented a telescope that was powerful

enough for him to discover the moons of the planet Jupiter

Nicolas Copernicus Copernicus was a Polish priest who discovered

that the Earth turned on its own axis and moved around the sun. He published his beliefs in a book called ‘On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres’

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MEDICINE DURING THE RENAISSNACE William Harvey was an English doctor who

wrote a famous book called ‘On the Motion of the Heart and Blood’. In this book he proved that the heart was a kind of pump that pumped blood around the body.

Andreas Vesalius was the private doctor of the King of Spain. He dissected dead bodies so that he could learn what the human skeleton looked like. His findings were published in a book called ‘On the Fabric of the Human Body’. The book was so famous that Vesalius became known as ‘the father of modern anatomy’

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RESULTS OF THE RENAISSANCE 1. The printing press led to increased education

and literacy. It also spread new ideas. 2. People began to question and old ideas were

no longer accepted without question. 3. This questioning spirit led to the Age of

Exploration, the Reformation and to new scientific discoveries.

4. The result was new knowledge in geography, science, medicine and astronomy.

5. There were also new developments in painting, sculpture and architecture. These included perspective, sfumato and classical architecture.


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