Transcript
Page 1: RENAISSANCE A REBIRTH OF LEARNING IN EUROPE. The word renaissance is a French word which means rebirth

RENAISSANCE

AREBIRTH OF LEARNINGIN

EUROPE

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The word renaissance is a French word which means rebirth

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During the Dark Ages, there was no time for interest in art and literature. People were too busy trying to stay alive

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During the Middle Ages, most art, drama, and serious writing was about religion.

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The Renaissance brought a rebirth of interest in art, learning, and exploration of all sorts.

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The Renaissance is considered to have started in Italy. The dates in England are 1485-1660

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One of the starting points for the Renaissance was the rediscovery of ancient Greek literature that had been lost for centuries.

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A way of thinking called humanism was also part of the Renaissance.

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Humanism emphasized the to make peoples lives better on earth, instead of just telling them things would be better in heaven.

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Humanists also tried to reconcile classical literature and the Bible

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Two famous humanists were Sir Thomas More and Erasmus.

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Sir Thomas More

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Erasmus

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More was eventually beheaded for opposing King Henry VIII

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The biggest change for art and drama was that the subject no longer had to be religion.

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Artists now tried to make humans looked realistic.

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One example is Michelangelo

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Many of his sculptures are amazingly realistic

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Michelangelo’s

Moses

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He is probably best known for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.

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Another famous Italian artist is Leonardo da Vinci

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Leonardo Da Vinci’sMona Lisa

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The Renaissance would not have happened if not for one invention in the middle of the 1400’s. What do you think it was?

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Yes, of course. I am talking about the printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg.

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Suddenly, people could afford books, and literacy rates increased.

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The King James translation of the Bible into English was authorized in 1611, and of course printed on the new printing press.

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Many important discoveries were also made in science during the Renaissance

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For example, in 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published the theory that the earth went around the sun, instead of the other way around.

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Copernicus

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In 1609, Galileo became the first astronomer to study the heavens with a telescope.

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Galileo

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In England, politics and religion were mixed together in a crazy kind of stew.

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The biggest player in this story is King Henry VIII

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King Henry VIII

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More than anything else, Henry wanted a son, to be the heir to the throne

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His first wife was named Catherine of Aragon.

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Her parents were King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain.

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Catherine of Aragon

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Catherine only had one child survive to adulthood, a daughter named Mary Tudor.

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Mary Tudor

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Henry obviously needed a new wife, but the Catholic Church did not permit divorce.

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Henry decided to try to get an annulment, but for this he needed the permission of the Pope.

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Do you know what the difference is between a divorce and an annulment?

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A divorce ends an existing marriage

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An annulment states that no legitimate marriage ever existed

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Henry claimed his marriage was not legal because Catherine had been previously married to his brother Arthur.

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The Pope denied Henry’s request.

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Henry finally broke England away from the Catholic Church

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He made himself head of the Church of England, and granted himself a divorce

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What did he need now?

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That right! A new wife! And he already had one picked out!

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His 2nd wife was named Anne Boleyn

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Anne Boleyn

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Anne’s happiness did not last long, because she had a daughter and miscarried a son.

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The daughter’s name was Elizabeth

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Henry decided to get rid of Anne by accusing her of a terrible crime

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He accused her of having an affair with her brother George

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He had George tortured until he confessed, the used this evidence against Anne

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Anne was beheaded in the Tower of London

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Once again, Henry needed a new wife

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Henry’s 3rd wife was named Jane Seymour

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Jane Seymour

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She gave birth to a son named Edward, but died shortly of complications from childbirth

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Henry’s 4th wife was a German woman named Anne of Cleaves

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Anne of Cleves

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He divorced her because he found her unattractive

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Henry’s 5th wife was named Catherine Howard

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Katherine Howard

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She was caught in an affair with a man named Thomas Culpepper, and was beheaded.

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Henry sixth and last wife was named Catherine Parr

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Catherine Parr

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She outlived him.

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After Henry’s death, his son Edward became king, but died soon after.

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Edward VI

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After Edward’s death, his sister Mary became Queen.

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Her attempt to return England to the Catholic Church earned her the nickname Bloody Mary.

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After Mary’s death, her sister Elizabeth became Queen.

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She also had a nickname, which was The Virgin Queen, because she never married.

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Elizabeth ruled for forty-four years.

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She was an extremely intelligent and strong-willed person.

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She even had her own cousin, Mary Stuart, beheaded for trying to overthrow her.

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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots

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During Elizabeth’s reign, England also began to replace Spain as the most powerful nation in the world

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The key event in this process was the English navy’s defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.

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When Elizabeth died in 1603, she was followed by her cousin, who became King James I

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James I

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An important religious movement also began at this time, called the Protestant Reformation

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Christian denominations other than the Catholic Church began to develop.

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One of the most important people in this movement was a German monk named Martin Luther.

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In 1517, Luther nailed 95 theses, or statements against the Catholic Church, to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany

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Luther was soon excommunicated by the Pope

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He wasn’t arrested because he was protected by powerful local rulers in Germany

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His ideas led to the development of the Lutheran Church

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The Puritans were also an important group of early Protestants

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The Puritans wanted to “purify” religion of anything that resembled the Catholic Church

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Eventually, the Puritans gained control of Parliament in England

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A Civil War began between Parliament and King Charles I

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Parliament and the Puritans won, and Charles I was beheaded

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A Puritan leader named Oliver Cromwell became ruler of England

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Bonus

The most important Jewish character in Renaissance literature is named Shylock

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He appears inTheMerchant of Venice, by Shakespeare


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