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RELI 2750 A

SIKHISMCollege of the Humanities

Carleton University

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OUTLINE OF THE COURSE

1. Lives of the Sikh Gurus

2 – GURU GRANH SAH!" # Sikh S$ri%ture

&. ea$hings of Sikhism' (ay of Life' Sikh !nstitutions

). Sikhs in Cana*a+ Arrival' Settlement' !ssues , Con$erns' -omagata aru

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EXAMINATIONS/TERM PAPER

1. !n Class /0amination – 1. Hours 3

2. !n Class /0amination – 1. Hours3

&. 4inal /0am – 1. Hours3

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GURU NANAK[1469-1539 -70 !RS

THE FOUN"ER OF SIKHISM

"orn+ al5an*i Rai "hoi – NAN-ANA SAH!" # !n*ia 6no5 7akistan8 4AH/R+ ehta -alu 69. 1)):8 "e*i; 7at5ari 6Lan* A$$ountant8 <H/R+ ata ri%ta Sister+ "i9i Nanaki ". 1)=); arrie* in 1)> to ?airam of Sultan%ur

arrie* in 1)@> to ata SULA-HN! 5o Sons+ "a9a Sri Chan* 61))#1=128 an* "a9a Lakhmi *as 61)@>#18

/*u$ation+ Rukh#e*#Bin+ Ara9i$' 7ersian an* Religion Go%al 7an*it+ Arithmeti$' "ook kee%ing 7t. "rinath+ Sanskrit' usi$ ' Religion

/arly Life 4armer 1)@#1:)8 – 9egins to ask Duestions a9out Life> – 7an*it tea$hes for a *ay – aivi tea$hes for a *ay – HR/AB Ceremony – Be$line*12 – arrie*1 – (ife oins in Sultan%ur1:)#> Stays in Sutan%ur

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GURU NANAK ######

Calling River "ein in$i*ent August' 1:> No 6ko8 Hin*u na usalman

?ourneys of Guru Nanak1:>#1211st U*assi+ 1:>#11: – /ast' S. !n*ia an* Ceylon

2n* U**asi+ 11:#11

&r* U*assi+ 11#1>+ Himalayas' i9et)th U**asi+ 11>#121 – 5est' e$$a an* e*ina

-ARAR7UR for 1> Eears 4oun*e* in 121

1st Gur*5ara 6Bharmsala' Nanak%anthis8' 1st Langar' 1st S$hool.

Hymns $om%ose*+ >) in 1 raags aor hymns+ ?a%i' Asa *i Far' "ara ah' Si*h Gost

(rote in 7una9i' Sanskrit' 7ersian an* Len*hi

B!/B in -artar%ur in 1&; a%%ointe* "hai Lehna – Guru Anga* as su$$essor.

R/AB+ Cole , Sam9hi %. @#1@ an* Sutantar Singh %. &#=

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U"ASIS OF GURU NANAK

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MOOLMANTAR

1:

/k onkar; Sat nam;Carta %urakh; Nir9hau; Nir vair; Akalmurat; Ani sai9hang;Gur%rasa*.

!l est un' Son Nom est Frit'!l est le $rteur *e tous.!l est sans %eur' sans inimiti'!! est immortel' ternel'!l e0iste %ar lui#mIme' 7ar sa gra$e.

here is <ne Go*.He is the su%reme truth.He' the Creator'!s 5ithout fear an* 5ithout hate.He' the <mni%resent'7erva*es the universe.He is not 9orn'Nor *oes He *ie to 9e 9orn again."y His gra$e shalt thou 5orshi% Him.

Guru Granth Sahib, G.G.S. p.1

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oolmantar

hese @ 5or*s are the Sikh Cree*;

<%ening 5or* of the Sikh s$ri%ture

(ritten 9y Guru Nanak

1st $om%osition of the Sikh Religion

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FAMIL! TREE OF GURU NANAK

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TEACHINGS OF GURU NANAK

oolmantar+ Rea*+ Singh' 7. )@#1

# (orshi% <N/ Go*

4atherhoo* of Go*

"rotherhoo* of ankin*

e*itate on Nam; Cole# %.@ Share your earnings – "e $harita9le

7erform No9le *ee*s –se5a; Singh#%.=)

Shun $aste' rituals' su%erstitions

So$ial 7illars of Sikhism JN$% &$'() *$+, .$( ) $ $( Singh – %.=&

Rules of Con*u$t+ Su9mission to Go* – "hana' 4amily Life – Grist' Humility' Charity '$om%assion' ?usti$e

/vils to Shun+ -am' -ro*h' Lo9h' oh Hankar; Singh#%.=@#=

S<URC/S 4<R H/ SUBE <4 GURU NANA-

?anam sakhis' Guru Granth Sahi9' "hai Gur*as' "hagat Ratanvali' ehma 7arkash'Ba9istan

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GURU ANGA" SAHI

1504-1552 [351348NANAK II

PROPHET OF "EOTION

"efore $oming to Guru Nanak 5as kno5n as "hai Lehna 4ather + "a9a 7heru other+ ata Sa9ri 6ata Baya -aur8 "orn at atae *i Saraai' 4eroK%ur' move* to Harike an* then settle* in -HABUR'Amritsar

"usinessman 9y tra*e; Guru at the age of &

Stu*ie*+ Languages' Religion' Arithmeti$ an* Sanskrit Bis$i%le of ata an* visite* ?5alamukhi tem%le every year. arriage+ ata -hivi in 11 Chil*ren + "a9a Basu 612)8' "a9a Battu 61&>8' "i9i Amro 61&28 an* "i9i Anokhi 61&8 eeting 5ith Guru Nanak# Hear* ?oga singing Guru Nanaks hymn in 1&2 an* never lefthim

A%%ointe* su$$essor in 1& 9y Guru Nanak an* $alle* himself Nanak !!

C<NR!"U!<N Authore* =& sholaks !nvente* the Gurmukhi s$ri%t an* grammar 4inaliKe* ?a%i 5ith Guru Nanak an* re5rote Guru Nanaks hymns !nstitute* Langar Fisite* 9y Hamayun B!/B+ in 12 after 1& years of Gurushi%

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FAMIL! OF GURU ANGA"

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GURU AMAR"AS SAHI

1479-1574 [732295

NANAK III

4ather+ "a9a e "han other+ ata Lakho "orn in 1)> at "aserke

arrie* to ata ansa Bevi in 1:2 Chil*ren+ ohan 61218' ohri 61228 "i9i Bani 6M18 an* "i9i "hani 61&)8

"usiness+ er$hant an* 4armer

et Guru Anga* after hearing "i9i Amro sing Guru Nanaks hymn.

Live* in Goin*5al an* 9e$ame Guru in 12 C<NR!"U!<N+:> Hymns in 1> Raags

"anis+ Anan* Sahi9 !nter $aste marriages' (i*o5 arriage' No %ur*aha' no *o5ry' no satti' eDuality

of men an* 5omen' Sikh festivals 6Bi5ali , Fasakhi melas8' /sta9lishment ofanis –masan*s' $olle$tion of authenti$ hymns of %revious t5o Gurus an*a**e* his o5n

"uilt "aoli # @) ste%s et /m%eror Ak9ar

1>

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/sta9lishe* .....2 anis

A ani is a $entre of A*ministration an* %rea$hing

he hea* of a ani is $alle* a asan* – $olle$ts *as5an*

61O1:8 of in$ome 5hi$h a Sikh is su%%ose* to *onate forCharity an* 9rings it to the Guru

4ormaliKe* the gathering of the Sikhs at Amritsar at Fasakhian* Be5ali

Colle$te* hymnsof %revious Gurs an* together 5ith his o5n5rote Pohan 7othisQ – so $alle* 9e$ause his son ohan$laime* these an* %roe$te* himself as the fourth guru ofthe Sikhs.

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FAMIL! OF GURU AMAR"AS

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GURU RAM"AS1534-1581 [40747

NANAK I

"orn in 1&) at Choona an*i' Lahore an* 5as kno5n as "hai ?ethi

4ather+ "a9a Hari*as other+ ata Baya -aur

arrie* to "!"! "HAN! in 1& hree $hil*ren+ 7rithi Chan* 61@8' aha*ev 61=:8 an* Aran 6 1=&8 /*u$ation+ religion an* usi$

Sol*+ "oile* Grams for a living until he $ame to meet Guru Amar*as in 1)=

"e$ame Guru in1>) C<NR!"U!<NS+ 4oun*e* the $ity of Amritsar 61>>8' intro*u$e* Bas5an*. (rote => hyms in 2 Raags' intro*u$e* Lavans Bug Sarovars of Amritsar an* Santokhsar

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FAMIL! OF GURU RAM"AS

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GURU AR&AN SAHI1563-1606 [182543

NANAK

7arentage+ Eoungest son of Guru Amar*as an* ata "hani Baughter' 5ife'other' Gran* other an* Great Gran* other of a Guru

4irst Sikh Guru' "orn in Goin*5al in 1=& He ha* t5o ol*er 9rothers + 7rithi Chan* an* aha*ev

/*u$ation+ Languages' Religion' History an* usi$

arrie* ata Ganga in 1> at the age of 1=. His only $hil* 5as Hargo9in*69orn in 18

"e$ame Guru 1@1+ a s$holar' a*ministrator' an ar$hite$t an* a *ivine

C<NR!"U!<N+ Com%ose* 221@ hymns in &: Raags in 7una9i' Sanskrit' Sin*hi an* Lehn*i

Author of Sukhmani – hymn of 7ea$e 6s%iritual8

(rote the Sikh sa$re* S$ri%ture in 1)&: %ages' $onstru$te* manyGur*5aras in$lu*ing the 6Gol*en em%le8 Harman*ir' Amritsar

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artyr*om+ 4irst artyr of Sikhism also the 4irst Guru to9e martyre* 6se$on* 5as Nanak !8

# /nemity of 7rithi Chan* # Chan*u Shaha

# Suahi -han 69e$ause uslims 5ere $onverting toSikhism8

# Sheikh Sirha*i 6Be$lare* the Guru a -afir an*5ante* him to 9e$ome a uslim or *eath8 *in illahi

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GURU AR&AN SAHI#####

ells "a9a "u**ha to let Hargo9in* 9e arme*

Guru "lesse* 7ri$e -husrau 69rother of ?ahangir8

Guru 5as visite* 9y Ak9ar an* ian ir – a Sufi Saint

he fourth ugal em%eror of !n*ia' ?ahangir' ha* Guru Aran torture* an*%ut to Beath see uKuk –i – ?hangiri also $alle* the uKuk3

R/AB+ Cole+ %. 2&#2

S. Singh %. #11

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EXTRACT FROM :HEELER M#

THACKSTON THE JAHANGIRNAMA

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ROGERS AN" EERI"GE)TUZUK-I-JAHANGIRI, OL 1) P# 72-3

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FAMIL! TREE OF GURU AR&AN

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GURU HARGOIN" SAHI1595-1644 [113849

NANAK I

"orn+ 1 at (a*ali' Amritsar

4ather+ Guru Aran

other+ ata Ganga

Un$le 7rithi Chan* an* aunt -armo trie* to kill him several times

raine* in religious %hiloso%hy' languages' horse ri*ing an* 5ea%onry

"attles+ S/F/N 9attles 1=2@#1=&3 5ith ?ahangir an* Shah ?ahan

Confine* for a9out 2 years in G5alior fort

"uilt the Akal hakat – 7oliti$al $a%ital of the Sikhs – 5ith "a9a "u**haan* "hai Gur*as

Gave the $on$e%t of !R!#7!R! iri means tem%oral' 7iri means s%iritual3 4oun*e* -irat%ur

7erio* of Gurushi% &@ years

Last Eears of his life in -irat

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LIFE OF NANAK I

Guru 9orn in 1; marrie* in 1=:); 9e$ame Guru in 1=:=; 9uilt the Akalhakat in 1=:@; still un*er ?ahangirs arrest or*er 9ut nothing *one; Guru$onsoli*ates 6raises army' gathers arms' 9uil*s fort' %lanning militarystrength8; re%orts of the in$reasing might rea$he* ?ahangir' Guruarreste*' aile* in G5alior 4ort for a9out 2 years; release* 5ith 2 other$hiefs; arrives ASR an* lives Duietly until *eath of ?ahangir 61=#1=2>8

ravels in 7una9 an* -ashmir' 9uil*s -irat%ur

Shah?ahan6 12#1===8 9e$omes em%eror in 1=2>

"attles of the Guru+ Amritsar' 61=2@8' Hargo9in*%ur 61=28' Lahira 61=&:8'Gurusar 61=&18' -artar%ur 61=&)8 an* -irat%ur 6T8 an* one other skirmish61=218

ove* to -irat%ur in 1=&) Buring the last years of his life lost & sons 5ante* to a%%oint Gur*itta

as the su$$essor 9ut he *ie* in 1=&@

A%%ointe* HAR RA! – younger gran* son as Nanak F!!

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FAMIL! TREE GURU HARGOIN" SAHI

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GURU HAR RAI1630-1666 [141731

NANAK II

4ather+ Gur*itta other+ ata Nihal -aur

"orn in -irat%ur' younger of t5o 9rothers ol*er 9rotherBhirmal 5ho took %ossession of Guru Granth Sahi9 an**e$lare* himself as the guru3

arrie* ata -rishan -aur; t5o sons Ramrai an*HAR-R!SHAN

4ollo5ing $om%laints of Bhirmal an* Ulma summone* 9yAurangKe9 61=1@#1>:>8 – Guru sent his son Ramrai 5ho*istorte* the s$ri%ture; Guru never again met him;

AurangKe9 kee%s Ramrai in $ourt <%ens me*i$al fa$ilities free for all; o%ens missionary

$entres an* $onsoli*ate* Sikh %rea$hings.

&&

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FAMIL! OF GURU HARRAI

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GURU TEGH AHA"UR 1621 ; 1675 [431154

NANAK IX

4ather+ Guru Hargo9in* other+ ata Nanaki

7la$e of "irth+ Amritsar – 1=21

arrie* + arrie* ata Guri in 1=&1; <ne son – Go9in* Singh 9orn in7atna in 1===

ravels+ /ast !n*ia 6"engal an* Assam /*u$ation+ 7una9i' Religion' Sanskrit' Arithmeti$' usi$' Horse ri*ing an*

S5or*smanshi%

Resi*e* in -irat%ur 61=&#1==)8' "akala 61=))#1==)8 an* Anan*%ur 61==#1=>8

(rote+ 11= Hymns in 1 Raags

akhan Shah foun* the Guru; travelle* to ASR – *oors of Bar9ar Sahi9$lose*;

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NANAK IX#######

Summons issue* from Belhi

Summons serve* in Anan*%ur 9ut $oul* not fin* the Guru

(arrant for Arrest

A%%rehen*e* 5ith follo5ers an* 9rought to Belhi

Senten$e* to Beath an* after torture martyre* in 1=> at Chan*niCho5k' Belhi

"o*y stolen an* $remate* at Raka9 Gan 9y Lakhi Shah

Severe* hea* $remate* in Anan*%ur 9y Guru Go9in* Singh – "hai ?aita

7an*its arrive from -ashmir

Guru a%%oints Go9in* Singh su$$essor an* %ro$ee*s to Belhi

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FAMIL! OF GURU TEGH

A"A"UR

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FAMIL! OF GURU TEGH AHA"UR

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GURU GOIN" SINGH1666-1708[93342

NANAK X

4ather+ Guru egh "aha*ur

other+ ata Guri

"orn in 1=== at 7atna – Guru at the age of

arrie* to ?itoOSun*ri 6m. 1=>>' *. 1>::8; Sahi9 Bevan 6m. 1>@:' *. 1>)8

Chil*ren + Ait Singh 61=@>#1>:)8 ?uar Singh 61=: – 1>:)8' Vora5ar Singh

61== #1>:)8' 4ateh Singh 6 1= #1>:) 8 /*u$ation+ 7una9i' religions' Sanskrit' 7ersian' "ri "hasha' Hin*i'

Arithmeti$' Horse ri*ing' 5ea%onry.

"attles+ 2: 9attles+ some are # "hangani 61=@=8; Na*aun 61=@>8; HussainiEu*h 61=8' Anan*%ur Sahi9 61>::8; Chamkaur 61>:&8 an* uktsar 61>:&8

"uilt 4our 4orts+ Anan*garh' Lohgarh' -eshgarh an* fateh garh

Re5rote GURU GRANH SAH!"' some %arts of Basam Granth

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NANAK X######

Go9in* Rai 5as 5hen he 9e$ame Guru

Guru an* family move* from Anan*%ur to 7aonta

4ormulate* the 9asis of his res%onsi9ilities #am yu*h – 9attle ofrighteousness; mission of life $larifie* u%hol* right an* *estroy sinOevil3

eans of a$hievement+ 5hen all means have faile* ' it is %ermissi9le to *ra5the s5or* –

Cu kar az hama hilate dar guzast

Halal ast urda! a samsir dast

Lo$al raas turn against Guru – they 5ere afrai* that he may atta$k them.Aske* hel% form the em%eror

Fi$tory of Guru allo5e* him to return to Anan*%ur – 12 years %ea$eful 9utintelle$tually %ro*u$tive – 2 9ar*s in the Gurus $ourt'

4orts 9uilt an* Anan*%ur an* fortifie*

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NANAK X ##### Stu*ie* the gro5th of Sikhism# 7ro9lems lay in su$$ession an* masan*

system

asan* system a9olishe* – no 9rokers allo5e*' $orru%tion en*e*

!n 1= Sikhs 5ere aske* to atten* Anan*%ur at "asakhi festival

4!F/ "/L<F/B <N/S' Amrit' 4oun*ation of the -HALSA' %an %iaray

All $astes 5ere for ever mingle*; S!NGHO-AUR institute*

FIE "ELIERANCES Nas T.<(=

Bhram – Superstitions

Kul#no family ties Dharam – no %revious $ree*

Karm – no ritualism

?anam –*eliveran$e from $aste

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CREATION OF THE KHALSA &: ar$h' 1= – Fasakhi Bay

W "elove* <nes+ Baya Singh' Bharam Singh' okham Singh' Sahi9 Singhan* Himat Singh

-s+ -anga' ka$h' kara ' kesh an* kir%an

Amrit for every Sikh a ne$essity

Chief reDuirement is the kesh

Nanak %ro%agate* goo*ness; Go9in* $on*emne* evil

Love your neigh9our'%unish transgressors Nanaks Go* love* saints' Go9in** *estroye* His enemies

@:'::: took Amrit in a fe5 *ays – 2:'::: in Anan*%ur

Nishani Sikhi –e- haruf panj kaf

Hargi na basha! –e-panj maf,Kara, kar!o, ka"h, kangha bi!an,

Bila kesh, he"h ast jumle nishan.

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NANAK X####

At Anan*%ur' the raas 5ere against the Guru an* 5ante* him to leaveAnan*%ur – they %etitione* the /m%eror for hel%

Guru 5as surroun*e* 9y the Hill Chiefs an* ugal Army. he Guru 5asoffere* safe %assage.

Chamkaur+ he Guru 5as se%arate* from his mother' 5ife an* t5o$hil*ren an* 5ith only ): men ma*e it to Chamkaur.

!n the 9attle t5o el*est sons of the guru 5ere kille* an* so 5ere his$om%anions. Guru 5as or*er to eva$uate.

Guru 5as follo5e* an* after some time $onsoli*ate* an* fought his%ursuers an* *efeate* them.

All Duiet' the Guru Granth Sahi9 5as re5ritten' a lot of literary a$tivity5as un*ertaken

Vafarnama sent to AurangKe9

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FAMIL! TREE OF GURU GOIN" SINGH

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GENEALOG! OF THE SIKH GURUS

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