Recognizing & Recognizing & Controlling Workplace Controlling Workplace

HazardsHazards

National Council for Occupational National Council for Occupational Safety and HealthSafety and Health

What is a job hazard?What is a job hazard?

Job HazardsJob HazardsA A job hazard is anything at work that job hazard is anything at work that can hurt you either physically or can hurt you either physically or mentally.mentally. Safety hazards cause immediate injury: Safety hazards cause immediate injury: direct injury or trauma such as a severed direct injury or trauma such as a severed finger, puncture wound, a crushed hand, finger, puncture wound, a crushed hand, broken bones, eye damage.broken bones, eye damage.

Health hazards can cause illness Health hazards can cause illness immediately (acute) or over a longer time immediately (acute) or over a longer time (chronic),(chronic),

Safety hazardsSafety hazards Unguarded Unguarded

machinery/equipmmachinery/equipmentent

Electrical hazards: Electrical hazards: damaged plugs, damaged plugs, outlets, wires.outlets, wires.

Unbalanced Unbalanced walking surfacewalking surface

(Pushing, pulling, (Pushing, pulling, lifting) bulky/heavy lifting) bulky/heavy objectsobjects

Tripping hazards Tripping hazards

Safety hazardsSafety hazards

HeightsHeights Falling objectsFalling objects Slippery floorsSlippery floors Holes in ceiling Holes in ceiling

or flooror floor Blind spots Blind spots

(vehicles)(vehicles) Power toolsPower tools

Health hazardsHealth hazards

Health hazards ChemicalsHealth hazards Chemicals Dusts, gases, Dusts, gases,

vaporsvapors

Acids, solvents, Acids, solvents, cleaning cleaning products, products, pesticidespesticides

Effects:Effects:

FlammableFlammable(fire& explosion)(fire& explosion)

Burn (eyes skin Burn (eyes skin lungs)lungs)

Effect target organs Effect target organs (liver, blood, brain (liver, blood, brain and nervous and nervous system, lungs, system, lungs, skin.)skin.)

Health hazardsHealth hazards

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Biological hazards: Biological hazards: living organisms living organisms

Animals/ Animals/

Insects/ Insects/

blood /blood /

BacteriaBacteria

VirusesViruses

Health hazards- BiologicalHealth hazards- Biological

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

HIVHIV

FluFlu

HepatitisHepatitis

TuberculosisTuberculosis

Insect/animalInsect/animal{Lyme disease,rabies]{Lyme disease,rabies]

Physical hazardsPhysical hazards<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

NoiseNoise

Radiation Radiation

Repetitive motion Repetitive motion

Heat, Cold stressHeat, Cold stress

Physical hazardsPhysical hazards<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<Impacts:Impacts:DeafnessDeafness

Burns, blood disorders,Burns, blood disorders,cancercancer Musculoskeletal injuryMusculoskeletal injury

Heat stroke Heat stroke [hypothermia][hypothermia]

Controlling HazardsControlling Hazards

Removethe Hazard

(e.g., change the process, use safer

chemicals,)

Work Policies and Procedures

(e.g., planning, work in teams, mentor)

Personal Protective Equipment

(e.g., hardhat, goggles, gloves, respirator)

Why does it Why does it matter?matter?

Why does it matter? Why does it matter?

18 year old – Sylvia – Caught Hand in Electric 18 year old – Sylvia – Caught Hand in Electric Cabbage Shredder Permanently Disfigured, 4 Cabbage Shredder Permanently Disfigured, 4 Operations So Far Will Never Have Full Use of Operations So Far Will Never Have Full Use of HandHand

16 year old – Donna –Working alone in Sandwich 16 year old – Donna –Working alone in Sandwich Shop after 11pmSeriously injured when Shop after 11pmSeriously injured when assaulted during an armed robbery assaulted during an armed robbery

17 Year Old – Michael –died of suffocation 17 Year Old – Michael –died of suffocation working at Market for 3 months supervisor told working at Market for 3 months supervisor told him to go operate the cardboard him to go operate the cardboard compactor/baler- While extracting a stuck compactor/baler- While extracting a stuck piece of cardboard, was pulled inside the piece of cardboard, was pulled inside the machine. Hydraulic compressor slowly crushed machine. Hydraulic compressor slowly crushed his chest.his chest.

Why does it matter? Why does it matter?

84,00084,000 <18-year-olds to the ER for <18-year-olds to the ER for work injurieswork injuries

7070 <18-year-olds die each year <18-year-olds die each year 9090 18-19 year-olds die each year 18-19 year-olds die each year

Young workers are injured at a higher rate Young workers are injured at a higher rate than adult workers. than adult workers.

250,000250,000 <18-year-olds injured/year in <18-year-olds injured/year in the USthe US

Finding Hazards: Finding Hazards: Key PointsKey Points Every job has health and safety Every job has health and safety

hazards, and they can be controlled.hazards, and they can be controlled.

You should always be made aware of You should always be made aware of these hazards. And follow safety rules these hazards. And follow safety rules that protect you and coworkers.that protect you and coworkers.

It is the legal responsibility of the It is the legal responsibility of the employer to identify workplace employer to identify workplace hazards and to train you about them hazards and to train you about them and how you are protected from them.and how you are protected from them.

Find the Hazards:Find the Hazards: Food Food ServiceService

Illu

stra

ted

Wo

rkp

lace

s

Food ServiceFood Service

SharpsSharps Slips and fallsSlips and falls ChemicalsChemicals Burns: stove Burns: stove

grill (grease) grill (grease) LiftingLifting ViolenceViolence HeatHeat

Find the Hazards:Find the Hazards: OfficeOffice

OfficeOffice

Posture Posture (work station)(work station)

Tripping Tripping hazardshazards

SharpsSharps Hit byHit by Electrical?Electrical? evacuationevacuation

OSHAOSHA

OSHA has the authority to OSHA has the authority to make rules and standards on make rules and standards on health and safety in the health and safety in the workplace. workplace.

OSHA inspects work sites to OSHA inspects work sites to determine if there are hazards determine if there are hazards and violations of its rules and and violations of its rules and standards. standards.

OSHA responds to complaints OSHA responds to complaints about safety and health. about safety and health.

OSHA issues citations and OSHA issues citations and fines against employers who fines against employers who fail to meet standards or who fail to meet standards or who violate the law. violate the law.

OSHA offers training and OSHA offers training and technical assistance to technical assistance to employers who ask about employers who ask about hazards and methods of hazards and methods of controlling hazards.controlling hazards.

Example of an OSHA ruleExample of an OSHA rule

Employers must have a Employers must have a chemical safety plan called a chemical safety plan called a Hazard Communication Hazard Communication Program. This requires labelsProgram. This requires labels on chemical containers with on chemical containers with information about a product’sinformation about a product’s hazards. hazards.

Workers should be instructed about Workers should be instructed about chemicals hazards, and how to handle and chemicals hazards, and how to handle and use and store these safelyuse and store these safely

Job Safety and Health: Job Safety and Health: Key Key PointsPoints

OSHA requires employers to OSHA requires employers to provide a safe workplace.provide a safe workplace.

It’s best to get rid of a hazard It’s best to get rid of a hazard completely, if possible.completely, if possible.

If your employer can’t get rid of If your employer can’t get rid of the hazard, there are usually the hazard, there are usually many ways to protect you from it.many ways to protect you from it.

Training: Developing a Job Hazard MapTraining: Developing a Job Hazard Map

Draw a map (floor plan) of a work siteDraw a map (floor plan) of a work site

Draw layout of work space, any machinery, equipment, workers, etc

List safety hazards

List any health hazards

The National Council for Occupational Safety and HealthThe National Council for Occupational Safety and Healthcoshnatl@gmail.com

This material was adapted from materials produced by This material was adapted from materials produced by the Rhode Island Committee on Occupational Safety the Rhode Island Committee on Occupational Safety and Health and the US Occupational Safety and Health and Health and the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Administration USDOL/OSHA.USDOL/OSHA.

This material was produced under grant number SH222331160F37 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.