Download - Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal

Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal

Submitted By:Faculty of ManagementPublic Youth Campus Tribhuvan University

A Field Work Report

Submitted To:

Suman Babu PantaBBS IIIrd year

Class Roll No:1664

Exam Roll No: 16004

T.U. Registration No:7-2-31-1000-2005(2062)

In the partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Business Studies

Dhobichower, KathmanduAugust, 2008

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Faculty of Management

Tribhuvan University

RECOMMENDATION

This is to certify that the field work assignment report:

Submitted by:

Suman Babu PantaT.U. Registration No.: 7-2-31-100-2005(2062)

Class Roll No:1664Exam Roll No:16004

BBS IIIrd year

Entitled

A case study on Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal

Has been prepared as approved by this Department.This field work report is forwarded for examination.

Date:……………….. ……………………………

Head of the DepartmentPublic Youth Campus

Dhobichour Kathmandu

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Acknowledgement

This field work report entitled 'Prospects of Mountaineering and Trekking Tourism in Nepal' has been prepared under Tourism Management as partial fulfill requirement of Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS) Programs of faculty of Management T.U.

A detailed list of authors, books and other sources which were used as references and sources in the course of preparation of this report has been included in Bibliography.

I would heartily like to thanks to my respected lecture Dr.Hari Prashad Shresta and Mr. Ramchandra sedai and all other respected lectures of the campus. I am also grateful to the staff of Nepal Tourism Board, who provided information and cordial support to complete this study.

Lastly, I would like to extend sincere gratitude to the known and unknown writer of the books and references that has been taken during the preparation of this field report. Also my thanks goes to all of my friends for their regular motivation, support and help to make this report possible.

Thank you!Suman Babu Panta

Public youth campus

Dhobichour,Kathmandu

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Table of Contents

Chapter-I 1 Introduction 1-15

1.1 Background 11.1.1 Evolution of tourism in Nepal 2

1.2 Major tourist attractions in Nepal 31.3 Concept of trekking tourism 5

1.3.1 Prospects of trekking in Nepal 61.3.2 Importance of trekking tourism in Nepal 61.3.3 Major trekking area 71.3.4 Season for trekking 71.3.5 Possible trekking tourism activities in Nepal 71.3.6 Problem of trekking management 8

1.4 Concept of mountain tourism 81.4.1 Prospects of mountaineering in Nepal 91.4.2 Importance of mountaineering expedition 101.4.3 Existing management problem in mountaineering …. 121.4.4 Season of mountaineering 12

1.5 Scope of tourism in Nepal 131.6 Problem of tourism in Nepal 131.7 Prospectus of tourism in Nepal 131.8 Statement of the problem 141.9 Objective of the study 151.10 Significance of the study 151.11 Limitation of the study 15

Chapter-II Research Methodology 16-16

2.1 Source of data collection 162.2 Research design 162.3 Data analysis tools 16

Chapter –III Data presentation & Analysis 17-22

3.1 Data Presentation 173.1.1 Total tourist arrival and tourist arrival for Trekking 173.2 Data Analysis 213.3 Findings 22

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Chapter IV Summary and conclusion & Recommendation 23-24

4.1 Summary 234.2 Conclusion 234.3 Recommendation 24

Bibliography 25

List of tables and Figures

Title of tables page no. 1. Arrival of total Tourist and Tourist arrival for trekking….. 172. mountaineering from MOCTCA 183. Trekking peaks 194. Gross foreign exchange earning in convertible Currencies by fiscal year(2059/60-2063/64) 195. Tourism income in convertible currency by monthly (2063/64)20

List of Figures

Title of tables Page no.

1. Arrival of total tourist and tourist arrival for mountaineering and trekking 18

2. Tourism income convertible currency by monthly 21

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Abbreviation

& : And

FY : Fiscal year

Govt. : Government

HAN : Hotel Association of Nepal

HMG : His Majesty’s Government

MoCTCA : Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation

MMTC : Manpower trained by training centers

NATA : Nepal Association of Travel Agents

No. : Number

NTB : Nepal Tourism Board

URL : Universal Resource Locator

T&M : Trekking and Mountaineering

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CHAPTER I

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

‘Tourism’ in the present world is a very fast growing industry all over the world. It has been

accepted in many countries as lucrative industry and this respect Nepal is not exception.

Specially all land locked country like ours it is more than appropriate to have declared

‘Tourism’ as number one industry. It has been proved past few years that Tourism is the

only field in which Nepal is comparatively less dependent on other countries. We have

seen other industries coming to a stand still but Tourism continued relatively undisturbed to

the surprise of all. That’s why there is a need to carryout study to promote mountaineering

and trekking in Nepal.

Nepal is situated in the lap of Himalayas. Nepal is located between the latitude the latitude

26022‘N to 30027‘North and Longitude 8004‘ E to 88012‘ East and elevation ranges from 90

to 8848 meters. The average length being 885 Km east west and 193 north south which

area is 147181 sq. Km. The country is bordering between the most populous countries of

the world. India in the east, south, west and China in the North. That’s why it is also known

as land locked country and home place of natural beauty with traces of artifacts. Nepal is a

very beautiful country. Where nature has poured all the colors of rainbow. The northern

range(Himalayan) is covered with snow over the years where the highest peak of the world,

the Mount Everest, stands. The middle range(hill) is captured by gorgeous mountains, high

peaks, hills, vallys and lakes. The southern range(Terai) is the plain of alluvial soil and con-

sists of dense forest area with anstonding untamed wild life reserves and conservation

areas.

It is a very old country with many rich cultural heritages temples dedicated to various deit-

ies, the breath taking monasteries, the age less monuments all these combine to make it

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wonder museum beneath the blue dome of the sky. The graceful, sloping caves of those

masterly creations are so healthy land scrapped with the undulation of the surrounding hills

and mountains that they make perfect blend. The Stupas, Temples and Pagoda style of ar-

chitectures of Shiva Durga and Bishnu lures the visitors. The religious, customs and fest-

ivals of Nepal are famous all over the world. The Hinduism and Buddhism is the complex

blending of Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal and all the deities are worshipped by Hindu

and Buddhist alike. A remarkable features of this country is the religious momegeneity ex-

isting particularly between the Buddist and Hindu communities who for centuries have cher-

ished mutual regard and respect for one another. The people of Nepal are religious. The

traditional shrines of Stupas preserving unique patterns of wood carving and stone sculp-

ture adds glory and grandeur to artistic and cultural scene of Nepal.

Being the god gifted natural beauties Nepal has many places and to visit and water. There

are many tourists attractions. Nepal is the variety of adventure tourist. Mountaineering,

trekking, mountain biking, nature tours, culture tours, pilgrim tours, white water rafting,

kayaking, jungle safari, bird watching, fishing hang-gliding, ultra light aircraft ride etc. Nepal

is ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast offering myriad of possibilities from the

short and easy to demanding challenges of the snow peaks. Nepal has aptly been called ‘A

trekkers paradise’ as her terrain-mountains hills and the Terai.

The friendliness and hospitality of the people of Nepal, where guests are treated as God;

the variety of exciting adventure activities including trekking, mountaineering, rafting and

jungle safari combined with culture that epitomizes peace and harmony art and craft; songs

and dances make a visit to Nepal a memorable experience.

1.1.1 Evolution of Tourism in Nepal

• Tourism before 1950s

• Tourism after 1950s (after the ascending of Mt. Everest)

• Adventure tourism (Mountaineering, Trekking, rafting, …)

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Tourism in the part was limited to those who could travel on foot or trek, in the face of great

natural hazards because of the lack of facilities such as road, communication network and

crude means of tourism existed in some way or other. The development of arts, architec-

ture, culture and religion drew the attention of foreign travelers, mostly scholars and people

with missionary zeal.

Tourism in Nepal is said to be initiated during the Gopas, the ruling dynasty in Nepal. Being

impressed by Nepalese arts and architecture, many famous people visited Nepal during the

ruling period of Lichhivis, Mallas and Ranas, but practically, tourism in Nepal was initiated

after the revolution of 1951. The people were liberated and the gates of Nepal were opened

still winder for all foreign visitors. With the establishment of Royal Nepal Airlines Corpora-

tion, the tourist inflow has increased considerably. New hotels, travel agencies and restaur-

ants were opened to promote tourism.

From the point of view of tourism, the great revolution of 1951 was a boon for Nepal. In

realization of this fact, Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation was established, in order to de-

velop tourism by government sector. Also, NATA(Nepal Association of Travelers Agents)

and HAN(Hotel Association of Nepal played a vital role in development of tourism from its

initial stage to the present stage.

In the present contest, the government and private sector jointly trying to develop the in-

fracture for the tourism, Nepal tourism board was established, many international chain of

hotel were entered and organized different tourism promotional activities such as visit

Nepal 98, Pokhara Mahastab food festivals, which represent ‘Nepal as world of its own’.

1.2 Major Tourist Attractions in Nepal

Few destinations in the world can match Nepal in the variety of world class experience be it

mountaineering, trekking, mountain biking, nature tours, culture tours, pilgrim tours, white-

water-rafting, canyoning (cascading), kayaking, canoeing, mountain flights, hot air balloon-

ing, pony trekking, jungle safaris, bird watching, fishing, hang-gliding, ultra –light aircraft

ride, bungy jumping etc. In addition, we have several special interest tours like orchid tours,

culture trek, honey hunting, village tours, fossil hunting, meditation courses. Shamanism-

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Panimism tour, cave tours, snow leopard and blue sheep trek and many more that take

throughout the year.

Trekking

Nepal is the ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast-offering a myriad of possibilities

from the short and easy to the demanding challenges of the snowy peaks. Easy, moderate

or rigorous-there is something for every one. Nepal has aptly been called “A Trekkers’ para-

dise” as her terrain mountains, hills and the Tarai-offers some of the most spectacular

trekking routes in the world. The immense contrasts in altitudes and climates found here

support an equally spectacular mix of lifestyles, vegetation and wildlife. Trekking in Nepal is

as much a cultural experience as a Himalaya, one passes picturesque charming village in-

habited by diverse ethnic groups treks vary from expedition, high altitude treks to simple

easy paced walks.

Mountaineering

With eight of the highest peaks in the world, including Mt. Everest, it is hardly surprising

that Nepal has been the stage for some of the most outstanding achievements in the world

of mountaineering. The dauntless icy peaks have since decades challenged the bodies and

spirits of those daring enough to want to conquer the hulks. All inquiries and arrangements

for expeditions have to be made well in advance at the ministry of culture, tourism and civil

aviation, mountaineering section, Bhirkutimandap(Tel. 4256231\2,fax: 4227281,www.tour-

ism. gov.np) where the guidelines have been laid down.

River Rafting/kayaking /Canyoning

Few rafting rivers in the world can match the thundering course of the rivers of Nepal ori-

ginating from the snow meltdown of the Himalayan terrain. The rivers gush through the

twisted canyons, winding through out only as they spill out into the Indian plains to merge

with the Gangas. A river- trip is one of the best ways to explore the typical heritage with

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massive doses of adrenaline buzz on our world caliber white- water thrills. An extreme

sport popular in Europe, canyoning is now available in Nepal. Canyoning gives you the

freedom to explore some of the most ruggedly beautiful, yet forbidden places in the world.

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Jungle Safari

Royal Chitwan and Bardiya National Parks and Royal Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve offer

exciting safari holidays. Jungle activities here include venturing into deep jungle on ele-

phant back or four wheel drive to view wild animals in their natural habitat, canoe rides on

the jungle rivers, nature walks, bird watching and village tour excursions.

Village Tours

Village tours allow visitors to experience a stay in a typical Nepali village. This gives visitors

an opportunity to observe the rich Nepalese cultural tradition from the closest quarter and

intermingle with the locals. Besides, any expenses made at that level directly contribute to

the welfare of the local community, hence giving the visitor a sense of satisfaction. Village

tours and conducted in Sirubari, Bridim, Ghale Gaon, Llam and other places.

Other activities

For those who cannot withstand the rigorousness of mountain climbing there are mountain

flights which fly around Mt. Everest and other summits providing a close-up view of the top

of the world. On a clear day, the hill resorts of Dhulidhel(32Km from Kathmandu) afford

magnificent views of Mt. Everest and the enkless opportunities for fishing, swimming, ca-

noeing and boating along Phewa lake with majestic panoramic views in its background.

A rich natural heritage

Thanks to Nepal’s extensive and effective parks and reserves system, the country has

managed to preserve more endangered species of flora and fauna than any other area in

Asia. Nepal has a network of 9 national parks, 3 Wildlife Reserves, 3 Conservation Areas, 1

Hunting Reserve including 9 Buffer zones around national parks, covering a total 28585.67

Sq. Km. or 19.42% of the country’s total land.

1.3 Concepts of Trekking Tourism

The Kingdom of Nepal is well known as one of the best destinations in the world for enjoy-ing the real beauty of nature through trekking. The trail into the interior parts of the country

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follows ancient foot-trails which meander through scenic river-banks, intricately terraced fields and the forested ridges connecting picturesque hamlets and mountain villages. Trek-kers can walk along the rough but beautiful trails or virgin tracks in the lap of green and friendly looking hills. The rhododendron-filled, green, dark and deep forests with different seasonal flowers blossoming can catch anyone's eye as can the scattered residential cot-tages, domestic and forest animals, variety of birds, both Hindus and Buddhist temples, mountains, breath-taking landscape, and above all warm greeting from smiling local people. The highly developed and well-defined trails have been used for centuries. Trekking in Nepal is an all season activity. It is possible at any time of the year depending on where one wishes to go. However, the most popular season are spring (February - May ) and autumn (September-November). Even during the monsoon season (June- Au-gust), you can trek in the rain- shadow areas north of the Himalaya like Mustang, Upper Manang and Dolpo.

1.3.1 Prospects of Trekking in Nepal

• Rich biodiversity• Mesmerizing landscape• Friendly, hospitable people• Rich and colorful culture• Panoramic mountain peaks/ranges• Glacier and rivers• Rich biodiversity• Mild climate • Relatively less expensive• Diversified product, package and activities• Opportunity for bird watching • Relatively safe destination• Relatively chief destination

1.3.2 Importance of Trekking Tourism in Nepal

• Source of foreign exchange earning• Employment generation• Business creation at local, regional and national level• Development of physical infrastructure• development of rural economy• Awareness and education• Culture preservation and renovation• Regional development/balance• Support for Conservation of nature and Protected Areas (PAs)• Development of agricultural product• Conservation of natural resources

Tourist by purpose (Nepal Tourism Statistics 2006)

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1.3.3 Major Trekking Area

• Everest Trek • Annapurna Trek • Langtang Trek • Manaslu Trek • Dhaulagiri Trek • Dolpo Trek • Mustang Trek • Kanchanjunga Trek • Rara Lake Trek • Ganesh Himal Trek • Rolwaling Trek • Makalu Trek

1.3.4 Seasons for Trekking

• Rain shadow areas: May to Early September• Other areas: Late September to May

SN Season Month Specialty1 Autumn/Sarad September to Novem-

berCrystal clear views, paddy fields

2 Winter/Shisir December to February Snowfall3 Spring/Basanta March to May Flowering, hunting4 Summer/Grism

aJune to August Rain shadow areas, blossomed

meadows, botanical studies

1.3.5 Possible trekking tourism activities in Nepal

• Sight seeing• Nature/village walking• Photography• Ethno-botanical study• Cultural study• Spritual/meditation• Shamanic performance• Cultural performance• Wilderness trek/walking• Bird watching• Glacier walk

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• Playing with the snow• Flower study• Rock climbing• Pony trekking• Honey hunting• Monastery walk/visit• Sun bathing• Fresh air taking/bath• Linking with water related tourism activities (rafting, canoying, kayaking, boating)• Mountain biking• Marathon

1.3.6 Problems of Trekking Management

• Environmental problemso Deforestation (for firewood, camp firing, heating)o Habitat destructiono Landscape fragmentation by camping, accommodation facilitieso Trail degradationo Pollution of campsiteso Illegal hunting of wildlife/plant trophy

• Pollution (water, air and soil)• Garbage problems: degradable and non-degradable waste Cultural changes:

o Cultural commoditizationo Cultural commercializationo Loss of language, customs and folks

• Social problemso Inflationo Transmission of diseaseso Women drawzaryo Crowding

• Regional imbalance (Only some limited areas have been developed for trekking)

• Road construction : road construction in Annapurna region and other areas has re-duced the importance of the area

• Poor participation of local community due to poor benefits to the local communities• Lack of trained and sensitive human resources• Poor infrastructure condition in the trekking destination• Unhealthy competition• Poor service and quality and standard

1.4 Concept of mountain tourism

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Mountaineering is adventure tourism. Climbing the mountain is very risky. It is an expedi-

tion in which only the courageous people can include. Expedition is a long, hard and risky

journey. Mountaineering expedition is started from base camp up to the peak of the particu-

lar mountain. It includes trekking as well. It includes not only the trekking and mountaineer-

ing but also study of culture, social and economic aspects of the mountain community.

Mountain has its unique importance that provides the knowledge, skills and unique culture

identity to the visitors. To trek in the Himalayas is to take a comprehensive walk along re-

cognized paths with remarkable scenery and traditional village life on the rooftop of the

world.

1.4.1 Prospects of Mountaineering in Nepal

Nepal Peaks

Longest and largest mountain range in the world, the Himalaya is crowded together by hun-

dreds of sky soaring mountains. Nepal comprises about 500 miles continuous range of

these giant mounts from Kanchanjungha in the East to Saipal in the West. There are more

than 1300 peaks which are identified and given names by survey of tourism ministry, gov-

ernment of Nepal. Among them, 319 peaks are opened for climbing activities for the moun-

taineers from all over the world. Most of the peaks opened for mountaineering expeditions

are above 6500 meter /2100ft which are considered as large scale mountaineering. Expedi-

tions in large scale need planning and preparation of huge expenses and time consuming.

Despite this, the government of Nepal collaborating with Nepal Mountaineering Association

(NMA) has opened some of the middle range peaks for short time expeditions. These small

peaks ranging from 5600 mtr (18300ft) to 6500mtr (21000ft) are 33 in total. They are pop-

ularly known as trekking peaks The term trekking peak is not a suitable definition as any of

these peaks are still higher than highest mountains in Europe and in America. Some of

them are pretty challenging and need well planned full board Expeditions. Somehow, these

are comparatively easy in terms of technical ability, permit procedure and royalty paying to

the government. NMA has sole authority to allow permits in these peaks. Trekking peaks

are selected from various parts of the Himalayan ranges; some situated in popular trekking

sectors like in Everest and in Annapurna and some are in off the main tourist area like in

Ganesh Himal, Rolwaling and Damodar ranges.

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Trekking peaks give pleasure of ever exhilarating experience of mountaineering. These are

easily accessible and affordable. Most of the Expeditions are completed within 3 to 4

weeks starting and ending in Kathmandu. Any trekkers or mountaineers willing to have les-

son of mountaineering or experience of climbing, can find trekking peaks as a primer play

ground of exciting adventure.

Highest mountain ecosystem in the world

1. One third of Hindu Kush region (of about 2500 km) lies in Nepal Himalayas (from Byas

Rishi to Kanchanjunga Himal)

2. 8 out of 10 highest peaks of the world lies in Nepal

3. 8 out of 14 peaks above 8000m lies in Nepal

a. Mt. Everest 8848m

b. Mt. Kanchanjunga 8516m

c. Mt. Makalu 8463m

d. Mt. Cho-Yo 8201m

e. Mt. Dhaulagiri 8167m

f. Mt. Manaslu 8163m

g. Mt. Annapurna 8091m

Second highest Mt. K2 in Pakistan and 9th highest Mt. Nanga Parbat in Pakistan

4. The highest mountain of the world Mr. Everest lies in Nepal

5. So far 326 peaks has been opened for mountaineering in Nepal

6. 1310 peaks over 6000 m has been opened for mountaineering

7. Nepal's mountains are extremely young and geographically active

8. Association of following other attraction and activities

• Rich biodiversity

• Mesmerizing landscape

• Friendly people

• Colorful culture

• Glacier and rivers

Mountaineering Expedition teams approached in 2006

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1.4.2 Importance of Mountaineering Expedition

1. Source of foreign exchange earning

a. Main source of convertible currency for the nation

b. In 2006, the royalty from mountaineering expedition was US$ 190,5700 whereas the

total expenditure of the team was NRs. 423895000.

c. Likewise the the Fees collected by NMA for the trekking peaks was US$ 26573668

2. Employment generation:

a. 674 high altitude workers employed for MoCTCA managed mountain expedition in

2006.

b. Use of larger amount of porter and Guides

3. Business creation at local, regional and national level

a. Creation of agriculture, forest and livestock based local products

b. Sale of local handicrafts

c. Establishment of services and facilities related industries and business like hotel, lodge,

restaurants, teahouse, camp site, cyber, telephone etc.

4. Development of rural economy

5. Development of rural physical infrastructure

a. Development of access and transportation facilities (Trail, road, bridge)

b. Development of communication and interpretation facilities

c. Development of health facilities

d. Drinking water, resting places, structures for safety measures

e. Development of power and energy

6. Opportunity to utilize traditional skill and knowledge

7. Regional and local development:

a. 30% revenue plough back to the concerned District development Committee (DDC)

which can be used in the further development of tourism and community welfare

8. Nature conservation: Opportunity to conserve and protect nature, natural resources and

Protected Areas through the

a. Increased awareness

b. Increased revenue to the government

c. Incentive to the surrounding community

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9. Culture preservation and recognition: Opportunity to preserve the culture and cultural

heritage through the:

a. Increased awareness

b. Increased revenue to the government

c. Incentive to the surrounding community

10.Exposure to international arena

11. Awareness and education

a. Opportunity to provide awareness

b. Opportunity for school

c. Sponsorship for the children

12.National image/prestige building

13.Research and study

a. Exploration of landscape and geology

b. Climate change related data

1.4.3 Existing management problems in Mountaineering Expedition in Nepal

1. Higher Royalty fee/Royalty : In comparison to China

2. Heavy pressure in some particular areas

3. Regional imbalance in distribution of mountaineering expedition permit

4. Poor supervision and monitoring mechanism

5. Environment management

a. Deforestation

b. Land degradation

c. Crowding

d. habitat destruction

e. Campsite pollution

6. Waste management

a. Irregular disposal of waste

b. Contamination of glacier and rivers

7. Socio cultural impacts

8. Protection and conservation of landscape

9. Equitable distribution of benefits

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10.Very poor benefits to the locals communities

11. Use of firewood as a source of energy

1.4.4 Seasons of Mountaineering

1. Spring : March to May

2. Summer: June to August

3. Autumn: September to November

4. Winter: December to February

1.5 Scope of Tourism in Nepal

In Nepal, tourism is important not only because it is an important source of foreign ex-

change but also a major employment generator. Directly and indirectly Nepalese people

are getting benefits from the tourism, many people are getting employment from this sector.

As a part of the cultural role of tourism, the incentive to local crafts and industries and

artistic skills of the people is increased because of the demand for local products. Folk-

lores, traditional ceremonies, art and industry are revived because tourists are interested in

them. By the medium of tourism we can exchange knowledge and create understanding

among the people of the world. Tourism provided us an opportunity to understand the cul-

turally, it is a product which encourages intellectual curiosity amongst and nations and de-

velops a healthy respect for another’s beliefs and customs.

1.6 Problem of Tourism in Nepal

In spite of tremendous importance and huge potentialities of developing tourist in the coun-

try, it could not be developed rapidly on the account of the following problems.

- The lack of attention paid by HMG to maintain standard in tourism industry.

- Government steps towards individual are still unsatisfactory.

- Basic requirements needed for the development of tourism are still inadequate.

- The lack of clear cut and comprehensive National policy.

- Manpower trained by training center MMTTC are still unsatisfactory.

- The lack of personal security.

- The problems of Hawkers and Brokers

- The one of great problem is pollution

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- Unstable political situation of nation.

1.7 Prospectus of Tourism in Nepal

Nepal is probably one of the most fascinating and beautiful countries in the world. Tourists

visited Nepal to experience the world’s famous Himalayan peaks, unique architecture re-

served in ancient towns and the warm welcome of ever smiling people. It posses numerous

possibilities of developing tourist traffic because there are in the country unique geograph-

ical features and cultural charms. The main features of tourist possibilities in the country

may be outlined under following points.

- Because of unique situation on the southern side of the mighty Himalayan or Mountain,

there are numerous scenic beauties in various sector of the country. There snow

capped mountain peaks with grand glaciers sliding down through narrow valleys. Some

parts are bare rocky ranges with splendid landscape, some parts forested ranges with

charming scenery, some parts are spotted with pleasant lakes, springs and falls, some

parts are carved by several winding rivers and river lets jumping down through steep

mountain valley and Georges. These and many others are the alluring grandeurs of

nature in various mountainous parts of Nepal.

- There are many famous temples, stapes, holy centers and durbar squares in various

zones of Nepal. The temples of Katmandu valley are of great religious and cultural im-

portance, because their walls and windows have been so carved and painted as to

present various arts culture and beliefs of the ancient people in Nepal. There are places

of early kings in which are manifested several cultural and architectural glories of an-

cient Nepal.

- The main center of great tourist importance are Kathmandu, Patan, Bhaktapur, Kritipur,

Pokhara, Lumbini, Manang, Jomsom, Dhulikhel, Helambu, Gosaikunda, Namchey and

so on.

- Forth more, Nepal is a country where land route follower tourist feels tremendous relief

to be here and find peaceful surrounding and good environment. Perhaps, it may be

due to the friendly Nepalese people and hospitable by nature, the tourist will have no

difficulty in adjusting in general. These all are great attraction to tourist.

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1.8 Statement of Problem

• Tourism is the backbone of the country

• Mountaineering and trekking tourism is the major component of tourism in Nepal

• However, mountaineering and trekking tourism has not been developed in an expected

level.

• Still, there are so many gaps including information gaps, infrastructures gaps, human

resources gaps, policy gaps and promotional gaps that are needed to be improved for

the better promotion of mountaineering and trekking tourism in Nepal

• This study report will try to analyze the present status of mountaineering and trekking

tourism in Nepal and try to find out the ways for the better development of mountaineer-

ing and trekking tourism in Nepal.

1.9 Objective of the Study

(I) To explore and examine the potentials of mountaineering and trekking tourism in

Nepal

(II) To examine the present state of mountaineering and trekking tourism in Nepal

(III) To examine the contribution of mountaineering and trekking tourism in Nepal

(IV) To assess the major problems faced by mountaineering and trekking tourism in

Nepal

(V) To recommend the activities for the improvement of mountaineering and trekking

tourism in Nepal.

(VI) To analyze the problem of trekking and mountaineering tourism in Nepal.

1.10Significance of the Study

This fieldwork report is prepared as a partial requirement of BBS 3rd year. So it is significant

for me to fulfill the requirement for the BBS 3rd year. Also the mountaineering and trekking

in Nepal is very much important to promote. So there is a need to study. In this field work

the list of books and authors studied to prepare this work are include in the bibliography

and the detailed methodology to carryout this study is also explained. So it will be helpful

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for the researcher who wants to study about the tourism especially for the arrival of tourist

for mountaineering and trekking in the future.

1.11Limitation of The Study

1. This study is mainly carried out to attain the partial fulfillment of BBS III year, which is

also a limitation of the study.

2. The study is only focused on number of tourist arrival for mountaineering and trekking.

3. The study is only based on the secondary data.

4. The study includes only five years data from 2003/2007

5. The study has time and economy bond.

CHAPTER II

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

To perform this study only secondary data were collected. The object of this study is to find

the share of tourist for mountaineering and trekking to the arrival of total tourist, tendency of

the tourist by purpose of trekking and to trace out the problems and prospects of tourism in

Nepal. To fulfill the objective of the study the data collected are presented by using both de-

scriptive and analytical method. The data collected are presented and described and the

quantitative data are also analyzed to carryout the study. The detail methodology used to

carryout this study are explained below.

2.1 Source of Data Collection

This study is mainly based on the secondary data. The data which are already collected by

some one which are either in the printed or non printed form of called secondary data. All

the necessary data required to carryout this study are collected from the following sources.

1. Summary of tourism statistics, 2005

2. Personal interaction with the concerned officials of tourism boards.

3. Various booklets and journals and

4. Annual reports and bulletin of Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation

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2.2 Research design

Descriptive and analytical research design for the study has been applied as it gets two as-

pects. At first, it has the description of the situation and secondly, it has the interpretation of

data.

2.3 Data analysis tools

Presentation of data : The collected data were presented with the help of simple bar dia-

grams, Multiple bar diagrams etc.

Analysis of Data :The analysis tools used in this study are trend analysis and coefficient of

correlation analysis.

CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS OF DATA

3.1Data Presentation

3.1.1 Total tourist arrivals and tourist arrival for trekking and mountaineering

The following table shows the figure relating to arrival of total tourist and tourist arrival for

mountaineering and trekking for the five years from FY 2003 to 2007:

Table No. 1: Arrival of Total Tourist and tourist arrival for mountaineering and trekking

Year Total tourist ar-

rival

Tourist arrival for

mountaineering and

trekking

Percentage

2003 338132 65721 19

2004 385297 69442 18

2005 375398 61488 16

2006 383926 66931 17

2007 526705 101320 19

Source: Nepal Tourism Board

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Figure No. 1: Arrival of total tourist and tourist arrival for mountaineering and

trekking .

Arrival of total tourist and mountaineeing and trekking

0100000200000300000

400000500000600000

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Sourc

e:

Nepal

Year

No

. o

f to

uris

t

Total tourist arrival

Tourist arrival formountaineeringand trekking

According to the above table and figure the total tourist arrival for mountaineering and trekking in 2003 is 65721 out of 338132, which is 19% of the total. In the 2004 the arrival of mountaineering and trekking is 669442 out of total 385297, which is 18% of the total tourist arrival. Also in 2005 the arrival tourist for mountaineering and trekking out of total tourist is 16% i.e. 61488 out of 375398. similarly the arrival of mountaineering and trekking in 2006 is 66931 out of 383926, which is 17% of the total tourist. At last the no of moun-taineering and trekking tourist in 2007 is 101320 out of 526705, which is 19%.

3.1.2 Mountaineering from MoCTCA

Table No. 2:

Particulars Season TotalJanuary to June July to December

Team 53 80 133Members 415 574 989Success team 36 42 78High altitude workers 264 410 674Casualty 7 11 18Royalty (US$) 1496200 409500 1905700Team expenditure NRs. 423,895,000

Source: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2006

Above table shows the seasonal and total of team, members, success team, high altitude

workers, casualty, Royalty and team expenditure NRs. 423895000.

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3.1.3 NMA/Trekking Peaks

Table No. 3:

Particulars Season TotalJanuary to June July to December

Team 274 603 877Members 1260 2910 4170Royalty (US$) 8199956 18373712

Source: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2006

Above table shows the team and members and royalty at the different season and total.

3.1.4 Gross foreign exchange earning in convertible currencies by fiscal year (2059/60-

2063/64)

Table No. 4:

FY Total earnings(Rs.

(000))

Total earnings($(000) % change in US$

2059/60 10369409 134245 32.12060/61 12337977 168163 25.32061/62 11814853 164408 -2.22062/63 11710893 162086 -3.62063/64 12645761 181242 10.2Source: Nepal Rastra Bank

The total earnings of different fiscal year is shows the different percentage change. First

two years is decreasing positive earning percentage and then two year is increasing neg-

ative percentage and last year in 2063/64 is increasing percentage. Here, now a days tour-

ism sector is improved.

Table No. 5 Tourism income in convertible currency by sectors (FY 2063/64)

Months Total tourism income(Rs. 000)Sharwan 744748Bhadra 1037067Aswin 1147310Kartik 1130380Marga 1013745

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Poush 1032499Magh 1003267Falgun 1054408Chaitra 1222586Baisakh 1190615Jestha 1041160Asadh 1027976

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Figure No. 2:Tourism income convertible currency by Monthly (FY 2060/064)

Total tourism income(Rs. 000)

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

Sharw

an

Bhadr

a

Aswin

Kartik

Mar

ga

Poush

Mag

h

Falgun

Chaitra

Baisakh

Jesth

a

Asadh

Month

Am

ou

nt

s Total tourism income(Rs.000)

{

According to the above table and figure the total tourism income fluctuating monthly. It

shows that tourist is seasonable industry. It gives the income seasonably, because of that

tourism industry has problem of educated manpower at the sufficient quantity .

3.2Data Analysis

The data can be analyzed through SWOT method.

SWOT Method:The full form of SWOT is strength, weakness, opportunity and threats.

Strength: Mountaineering and trekking tourism is must attractive sector of tourist. It develop the ruler area and community, community and develop and Preservative of protected area and nat-ural resources. Weakness:Due to various reason, mountaineering and trekking tourism doesn’t develop and protect. Problem of Garbage, environmental, rules and regulation, decrease in culture, lack of ob-servation and life style of mountain areas people. Unhealthy competition, time table of tak-ing permission and cost is most of weakness of Mountaineering and trekking tourism.Opportunity:Mountaineering and trekking tourism has got many opportunities to develop tourism in-dustry. It has got an opportunity to establish Nepal as an attractive tourist destination in the international market place. It is importance to earn the foreign currency. Now a days, total tourist and mountaineering tourist increase rapidly.

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Threat:The arrival of total tourist and mountaineering and trekking tourist was fluctuating year by year. This was due to various reasons but one of the reasons was lack of quality services, also no giving attention in the development of tourism industry, unstable political situation and change of the tourism policy in the change of the government different parties.

3.3Findings:

• It brings to a close that in peak season the trend flow of tourist arrival to Nepal goes on

decrease because of various reason like maoist, strike, Nepal bandh etc.

• In this analysis mountaineering and trekking tourism management problem is creation

i.e. environmental, Garbage management, preservation of culture and arts.

• Tourism income is fluctuate because of problem of tourism industry and decline the

value of dollar.

• Monthly income of tourism is fluctuate because of seasonal effect and decline the value

of dollar.

• It point out that tourist arrivals to Nepal in 2007 is increase compare to 2003 and also

increase mountaineering and trekking tourist etc.

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CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

4.1 Summary

Tourism is a major sector in Nepal to earn foreign currencies, Tourism is the industry of which output is the tourist. Tourism is the combined activities of the tourists and those who cater them such travel agencies airlines, transport compares, guides banks etc. Tourism is the result of technical evolution is the transport and communicates to one another.

Being the god gifted natural beauties Nepal has many places and to visit water. There are may tourist attractions. Nepal is the variety of adventures tourism. Mountaineering, trekking, mountain biking, nature tours, culture tours, pilgrim tours, white water rafting, kayaking, jungle safari, bird watching, fishing hang-gliding, ultra light aircraft ride etc. So Nepal is ultimate destination for the trekking enthusiast offering myriad of possibilities from the shour and easy to demanding challenges of the snow peaks. Nepal has aptly been called ‘A Trekkers paradise’ as her terrain-mountains hiss and the Terai. In Nepal tourism is important not only because it is an important source of foreign exchange but also a major employment generator. Directly and indirectly Nepalese people are getting benefit from the tourism.

In this study the share of mountaineering and trekkers in the total tourist arrival is compar-atively studied. In the report the data relating the arrival of total tourist and arrival of moun-taineers and trekkers during five years horizon starting from 2003 to year 2007 are presen-ted and analyzed and also plotted in diagrams to make data presented in cardinal number clear. following are the summary of the report:

• The study shows that tourist arrival is decrease at the one percentage every years and increase the total tourist and mountaineering and trekking by the two percentage in 2007.

• The study shows that as the income of nation monthly is fluctuate.

• The study shows that the yearly gross foreign earning is positively decrease in two years, and two years is negatively decrease and then two percent increase.

The data has been presented to analyze by the using SWOT methods.

4.2 Conclusions

From the analysis it is known that the arrival of total tourist and tourist for the purpose of mountaineering and trekking both are in falling trend. Conclusion are the following point:

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• Nepal, a Hindu Kingdom, country of lord Buddha and world’s highest peak, full of natur-al beauty and adventures, rich in cultural heritage and history, lies between two huge countries china and India.

• The instable govt. after restoration of multiparty democracy, political conflict, corrosion of ideology, excursion of people etc. has downsized the tourism business.

• In spite of badly affected tourism business environment of Nepal, the no. of tourist visit-ing to Nepal was decreasing as compared to last few years.

Recommendations

In order to improve these problems there are some major steps to be taken by government for the development of tourism in Nepal, they are:

1. Trekking is getting popular undoubtedly in Nepal. But due to lack of reliable information and other necessary requirements, tourist industry could not be developed in a satis-factory way. Also due to the Maoist insurgency the there is no secure condition to tour-ist. And also suggest categorizing various new destination places for different groups.

2. The effort should be taken to advertise the nations places which are important for trekking.

3. To improve the mountaineering and trekking or overall tourism sector of Nepal, air ser-vice should be improved. As our national carriers air flight is not in new conditions and lack of proper management, tourist prefer to travel with other airlines rather than our na-tional carriers. To buy new aircraft is almost impossible for the present situation. However, it can be improved with proper management and regular flight in resort area.

4. Mountaineering expedition fee is higher than other so, nowadays people are search the cheapest tourism destination.

5. Trekking routes are becoming shorter and more polluting due to the construction of ac-cess road to the major trekking areas. So, today for trekking tourist , create new trekking routes for developed and promote.

6. Improve sanitation and hygienic conditions in the urban areas like Kathmandu and newly developed rural areas

7. Tourism industry is unique. Now, increase of tourist, culture, life style and art is de-crease and commercializes and Garbage problem is increase. For develop the tourism industry; we can preservative the culture, natural beauty, arts and life style. Because, tourist comes to observe the that’s types of unique of new activities and situation.

8. Total tourist and trekking and mountaineering tourist is related. So, we should promote all tourism product.

9. creation of various attractive destinations. For instance Annapurna Trekking Route is very famous as a short- trekking route in Nepal. This route should be given proper high-

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light and actually advertised in global media. This will help in portraying Nepal by not actually advertising Nepal.

Bibliography

Agrwal, G.R. (2003) Project Management in Nepal, M.K. Publishers and distributors, Kath-mandu, Nepal.

Bajracharya, B.C. (2057), Business statistics and mathematics, M.K. publishers and Dis-tributors, Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal.

HMG Ministry of Culture Tourism and Civil Aviation(2005), Nepal Tourism Statistics, Kath-mandu, Nepal.

Kunwar Ramesh Raj, Tourism Development

Nepal Tourism Board(2005), Destination Nepal, Travel Manual, Kathmandu, Nepal.

URL: www.welcomenepal.com

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http://www.welcomenepal.com/

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