Transcript
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Preparation of Synthetic Fuels by Underground Coal Gasification

Pakistan Engineering Students FestivalSociety of Polymer and Petrochemical Engineers

NED university Karachi

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Faculty IntroductionSupervisor:Engr. Abdul Waheed BhuttoChairman Department of Chemical EngineeringDawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi.

Group Representor:Muhammad Zeeshan

Members:Syed Saqib Ali ZaidiMuhammad Tajmeel FerozeMuhammad Ali MemonMuhammad Yousuf Memon

Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi

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Pakistan Oil Consumption

• Pakistan consumes 371 thousand Bbl. of Oil per day.• 35% of Pakistan's energy Demand provides by Oil.• 90 % is utilized for Transportation.• Its Demand is Growing day by day due to Rapid

Growth in vehicle Ownership.

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Oil Resources• Pakistan has 310 millions Bbl. proven oil

reserves.• Currently produces 67 thousand BPD.• Pakistan's oil and gas reserves are not

enough to achieve self sufficiency in this sector.

• In oil sector Pakistan depends on foreign sources of oil and Imports 80 % oil of its consumption.

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Alternative Liquid FuelsIn current conditions Pakistan need to look forward alternate oilsources. Alternate liquid fuels can be produced from:

Biomass Natural Gas Coal

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Paki

stan

Coa

l Res

erve

s

BALOCHISTAN217

(million tons)

SINDH184,623

(million tons)

PUNJAB235

(million tons)

KPK91

(million tons)

AJK09

(million tons)

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Coal Potential

• Coal reserves of Pakistan can help balance his future dependence of Oil.

• Thar coal contains 175 billion tons of Lignite B to sub-bituminous A, which is most suitable for UCG.

• High quality sulfur free gasoline and low mass olefins can be prepared by Thar coal.

Chemical Analysis of Thar coal

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Coal To Liquid ConversionTh

ar co

al ca

n be c

onve

rted i

nto l

iquid

fuels

by us

ing tw

o com

bine s

teps

:

1)Und

ergro

und G

asific

ation

.

2)Ca

talyti

cal C

onde

nsati

on.

Coal

deriv

ed fu

els ar

e ultr

a clea

n, su

lfur

free w

ith lo

w leve

l of C

O x & N

O x.

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Process

UndergroundGasification

Synthetic gasCleaning &

Conditioning

Fischer – TropschSynthesis

RefiningFinal Product

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Economical Strength

• Capacity(10,000 bpd @ 85% availability)

• Capital cost(750 million dollars)

• Operating + Raw material cost(123 million dollars per year)

• NPV(116 million dollars @ 20% discount rates)

• Consumer profit(~ 500 dollars per year @ average mile age)

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Conclusion

In the current situation of Pakistan as it is facing energy crisis in power sector and depends on foreign sources of oil while having vast amount of coal in its reserves. This technology is a viable option to offset its future dependence on foreign sources of oil and gas.

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Blocks

Weighted Average Chemical Analyses of Thar Coal

As Received values (%) Heating Values (BTU/lb)

Moisture Ash Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon Sulphur As Rcvd Dry

I43.13 6.53 30.11 20.11 0.92 6,398 10,461

II48.89 5.21 26.55 19.37 1..05 5,780 11,353

III45.41 6.14 28.51 19.56 1.12 5,875 10,880

III-B47.72 9.30 24.49 16.79 1.15 4,808 -

IV43.24 6.56 29.04 21.13 1.20 5,971 10,723

V36.82 8.92 38.24 28.22 1.20 4,748 -

VI38.32 7.62 36.22 30.13 1.52 10,514 -

VII48.27 8.03 25.30 19.56 1.16 5,441 -

VII49.57 7.78 24.32 18.10 1.44 5,302 -

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Underground Coal Gasification

• Drilling Technology:Controlled Retractable Injection Point(CRIP)

• Process:Two Phase(Steam & Air) gasification

• Product:Water gas (CO+H2)

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Underground Coal Gasification

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Synthetic Gas Cleaning & Conditioning

• Cleaning:(Removal of steam, solid particles, sulfur and nitrogen

compounds and CO2)

• Conditioning:(Maintain H2:CO ratio for fischer tropsch process. A

H2:CO > 2 is ideal)

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Fischer Tropsch

• Technology(Iron based High Temperature Fischer Tropsch)• Reactor(Fixed Fluidized Bed)• Catalyst(Fused Iron)• Products(Gasoline with low mass Olefins)

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Refining

HTFT reactor mixture contains hydrocarbons ranging C1 to C20 which may be separate out by simple atmospheric pressure fractional distillation.

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Products• Gasoline

• Low mass Olefins

• Fischer Tropsch Wax


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