SST PROJECT ON

POVERTY IN INDIA

Content:1.Introduction POVERTY And POVERTY LINE

2.Social Exclusion

3.Vulnerability

4.Inter-state Disparities

5.Global Poverty

6. Causes Of Poverty and anti poverty programmes

POVERTY AND POVERTY LINE

POVERTY:Every forth person in India is poor.This means, roughly 260 million(or 26 crore) people in India live in poverty.This also means that has the largest single concentration of the poor in the world.This illustration the seriousness of the challenge.

POVERTY LINE:A common method used to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels.A person is considered poor if his/her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfill their basic needs.Poverty line is also below from low line.

Social Exclusion

Poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people, excluded from enjoying social equality of better-off people in better surroundings.Social Exclusion can be both a cause as well as consequence of poverty in usual sense.

Vulnerability

Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of certain communities(Members of a backward caste) or individuals(such as widow or a physically handicapped person)of becoming , or remaining, poor in the coming years.In fact, vulnerability describes the greater probability of being more adversely affected than other people when bad time comes for everybody, whether a flood or an earthquake or simply a fall in the availability of jobs!

Inter-State Disparities

The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. Recent estimate show that in 20 states and union territories the poverty ratio is less than the national average. On the other hand, poverty is still a serious in Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. Along with rural poverty, Urban poverty is also high in Orissa, Madhya Pradesh(MP),Bihar and Uttar Pradesh(UP).

The proportion of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty-has fallen from 28% in 1990 to 21% in 2001.Although there has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with great regional differences .Number of poors in China has come down from 606 million in 1981 to 212 million in 2001.

Global Poverty

POVERTY COMPARISION BETWEEN SOME COUNTRY

COUNTRY % of population below $1 a day

•Nigeria 70.8

•Bangladesh 36.0

•India 35.3

•Pakistan 17.0

•China 16.6

•Brazil 8.2

•Indonesia 7.5

•Sri lanka 5.6

CAUSES OF POVERTY

• British Rule• Rural Economy• Heavy Pressure of Population• Lack of Proper Industrialisation• Social Factors• India economy Policy• Neo-Liberal Policies and Their Effects• Chronic Unemployment and underemployment

Anti-Poverty (Programmes by Government)

The current anti-poverty strategy of the government is based on so many schemes which are formulated to affect poverty directly or indirectly. Some of them are: NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOMENT GUARANTEE ACT NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME PRIME MINISTER ROZGAR YOZANA RURAL EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOGANA MANTRI GRAMODAYA YOGANA

SUMMARY

You have seen in this chapter that poverty has many dimension. normally this is measured through the concept of poverty line. Through this concept we analyzed main global and national trends in poverty. But in recent years, analysis of poverty is becoming rich through a variety of new concept like social exclusion. Similarly the challenge is becoming bigger as scholars are broadening the concept into human poverty.

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made by keshav rawat 9th A