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Page 1: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Phylum EchinodermataKingdom Animalia

Page 2: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton
Page 3: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

General CharacteristicsName means “spiny skin”

1. Exclusively marine

2. Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton or internal skeleton (made of calcium carbonate and connected by ligaments)

3. Water vascular system and suction-cup-like structures called tube feet

4. most adult forms exhibit pentaradial symmetry (larva show bilateral symmetry)

5. Regeneration – can re-grow some body parts when lost 6. Separate sexes and reproduction mostly sexual but good powers of regeneration by fragmentation.

Page 4: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

General Characteristics continuedName means “spiny skin”

7. Developed from deuterostome

8. Coelom forms by out-pocketing of the primitive gut--also called enterocoelomates

9. A complete digestive tract but not a real excretory, circulatory or respiratory system.

10. Segmentation

11. Lack Cephalization

Page 5: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Cephalization• Unlike most

bilaterian phyla, echinodermata lack any trace of cephalization and any specialized sense organs

Page 6: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Response• The nervous system is not

highly developed in Echinoderms.

• A nerve ring surrounds the mouth.

• Radial nerves connect the nerve ring with the body sections.

• A variety of scattered sensory cells detect light, gravity, and chemicals released by prey.

Page 7: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

The ring canal in the center of the starfish has five radial canals that branch off

SEGMENTATION

Page 8: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Respiration & Circulation• The water vascular system is

responsible for most respiration and circulation.

• Respiration (in most species) occurs through the thin walls of the tube feet. Few species have small outgrowths called “skin gills”.

• Nutrients and gases are circulated through the water vascular system.

Page 9: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Excretion• Undigested food and digestive wastes (feces) are released

through the anus.

• Cellular wastes are passed through the thin walls of the tube feet and skin gills in the form of ammonia.

Page 10: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Feeding• Method varies from species to

species

• Sea urchins use a five-part jaw-like structure to scrape algae from rocks.

• Sea cucumbers ingest sea floor sediments, digesting out the organic material. (detritus feeders)

• Sea stars feed on bivalves by pushing their stomachs out of their mouths into the shell of the prey, exuding enzymes, and then digesting the resulting “soup”.

Page 11: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Movement• Most move using tube feet (part of the water vascular system)

• The shape and size of the plates of the endoskeleton help determine the range of mobility. Smaller plates mean increased flexibility and mobility.

Page 12: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

General Internal Anatomy

Page 13: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton
Page 14: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Class Asteroidea: Sea stars

Feather Star Basket Star

• Creep along the ocean floor

• Most are carnivorous, eating bivalves.

• If a sea star is pulled into pieces, each piece will grow into a new individual as long as it contains a portion of the central disc.

Page 15: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Class Crinoidea: Sea LiliesThey are filter

feeders, who have over 50 feathery arms.

Sea Lilies are sessile and live on the ocean floor.

Page 16: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Class Holothuroidea:

Ex: Sea CucumberLook like warty moving pickles with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Most sea cucumbers are detritus feeders. Some kinds of sea cucumbers

use a sticky glue like substance to immobilize their predators.

Page 17: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Class Echinoidea: • Ex. disk shaped sand

dollars, oval heart urchins, and sound sea urchins.

• Some are grazers and eat algae, others are detritus feeders

• Sea urchin’s defense is its long sharp spine.

• Some even contain small blue poisonous sacs covering the tips of each spine

Page 18: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Classification & Examples:Class Ophiuroidea - Brittle Stars• Common on coral reefs

• Filter feeders and detritovores

• Hide during the day and feed by night

• Will shed one or two rays to avoid being eaten totally.

Page 19: Phylum Echinodermata Kingdom Animalia. General Characteristics Name means “ spiny skin ” 1.Exclusively marine 2.Possess a semi-flexible endoskeleton

Classification & Examples:Class Holothuroidea Sea Cucumbers

• Detritus feeders – suck up organic matter and remains of other organisms while crawling along the sea floor

• Will regurgitate their internal organs in order to avoid predators – then re-grows organs at a later time.


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