DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY

It is the totality of the person

and not merely external looks,

but character, behavioral traits

and attitude towards life.

A man is identified by his

personality – public image.

It is the totality of the person

and not merely external looks,

but character, behavioral traits

and attitude towards life.

WHAT IS PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT?

Personality development – is the

improvement of behavioral traits

such as communication skills,

interpersonal relationships,

attitude towards life and

restoring our ethics.

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

• is enhancing and dressing one’s outer and inner self or the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive.

• Every one of us has a distinct character that can be developed, polished and refined.

• This process includes 1.boosting one’s confidence, 2.improving communication skills,3.broadening ones knowledge,4.developing skills, 5.learning fine etiquettes and manners, 6.adding style and grace to the way one

looks, talks and walks and 7.overall imbibing oneself with positiveness,

liveliness and peacefulness.

RECAP

• What is Personality Development?• What are the processes involved in developing one’s personality?

THEORIES

JEAN PIAGET

a Swiss psychologist, made the most intensive study of children’s cognitive development. He came up with a series of distinct stages as children mature.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT1. Sensorimotor stage – during this period, infants are busy discovering that relationships between their actions and the consequences of these actions.

2. Preoperational stage – between two to seven years, at this stage, the child learn to use language to represent objects by using words.

3. Concrete Operational stage – seven to twelve years, by now the child can think logically about objects and events.

4. Formal Operational stage – ages twelve years and up, the child now thinks logically and becomes concerned with the hypothetical, the future and ideological problems.

ADAM SFERRA

• In Adam Sferra’s Personality Development and Public Relation book, intelligent behavior defines the general capacity of the individual to think reasonably and to act with good judgment. It has five factors:

FACTORS1. The capacity to learn is determine by heredity and environment.2. Capacity for abstract thinking is he capacity to think in terms of concepts.3. Mental alertness is quickness of observation, understanding and action.4. Sound judgment is the result of wisdom, common sense.5. General adaptability is the all around ability to fit successfully into the variety of situations.

ERIK ERIKSON

• a noted psychologist calls development as a continuous process extending from birth through adulthood.  

• He calls them psychosocial stages. They range from the first year of life, second year, third through fifth years, six year to puberty, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and the aging years.

• Aging years, beginning 65, brings new problems.

• Middle adulthood, ages 40-65, these years constitute the most productive period.

SIGMUND FREUD• Sigmund Freud, developed the psychoanalytic

theory that our actions are determined by inner forces and impulses that often operate at an unconscious level.

Freud’s Structural Model of Personality• According to Freud, three elements of

personality—known as the id, the ego, and the superego—work together to create complex human behaviors.

ID • The id is the only part of personality that is present at

birth.

• The id acts as the driving force behind personality.

• It not only strives to fulfill our most basic urges, many of which are tied directly to survival, it also provides all of the energy necessary to drive personality.

• During infancy, before the other components of personality begin to form, children are ruled entirely by the id.

• Satisfying basic needs for food, drink, and comfort are of the utmost importance. As we grow older, it would obviously be quite problematic if we acted out to satisfy the needs of the id whenever we felt an urge, need, or desire

EGO

• The ego is part of personality that mediates the demands of the id, the superego and reality. The ego prevents us from acting on our basic urges (created by the id), but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).

• While the ego operates in both the preconscious and conscious, it's strong ties to the id means that it also operates in the unconscious.

• The ego operates based on the reality principle, which works to satisfy the id's desires in a manner that is realistic and socially appropriate.

SUPEREGO• The superego is the component of personality

composed of our internalized ideals that we have acquired from our parents and from society.

• The superego works to suppress the urges of the id and tries to make the ego behave morally, rather than realistically.

• The ideals that contribute to the formation of the superego include not just the morals and values that we have learned from our parents, but also the ideas about right and wrong that we acquire from society and the culture in which we live.

SUPEREGO• Two components: the ego ideal and the conscience

• The ego ideal is made up of all of our rules for good behavior.

• The conscience is composed of the rules for which behaviors are considered bad.

• When we engage in actions that conform to the ego ideal, we feel good about ourselves or proud of our accomplishments. When we do things that our conscience considers bad, we experience feelings of guilt.

• The primary action of the superego is to entirely suppress any urges or desires of the id that are considered wrong or socially unacceptable. It also tries to force the ego to act morally rather than realistically. Finally, the superego strives for moral perfections, without taking reality into account.

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• Abraham Maslow, is a leader in the development of humanistic psychology, classified motives and constructed a hierarchy of needs, ascending from the basic biological needs to the most complex psychological motives.

GOOD PERSONALITY

Attributes of a person with “Good personality”?Good physiquePleasing mannersPersonal and Professional integrityTrustworthiness and reliability

• Good control over body and mind

HEALTHY BODY

HEALTHY BODYNutrition

Personal Hygiene

ExercisingTraditional methods (Yoga)Modern methods (Gym, aerobics, etc.)Walking and jogging

Disciplining of daily routines is a must!Mind control is essential for a healthy

body.

WHEN IS MIND UNHEALTHY?

Agitated mind is unhealthyWhat agitates human mind?

Not getting what one desiresGetting what one dislikesUncontrolled emotions in the mind

Continuous accumulation of such likes and dislikes stresses the mind out.Stress agitates the mind

• Stressed mind is unhealthy

HEALTHY MIND

Stress-free mind is healthy and calmSuch calm mind can be controlled more easily

• De-stressing the mind is needed: Prevention of accumulation of day-to-day complexesClearing the stockpile of stored complexities

HOW?

CULTIVATING A HEALTHY MIND

Documented human experience of the past:Non-reactive observation of oneself mitigates the strength of these complexesContinuous awareness makes this a continuous process: results in clearing the stockpile

Different paths for removal of accumulated complexes:

Path of servicePath of intellectual analysisPath of devotionPath of meditation

SUMMARYGood Personality arises from a healthy body and healthy mindHealthy body needs a healthy mindHealthy mind can be achieved by preventing accumulation of complexes in mindNon-reactive self-observation de-stresses the mindThis is possible through several paths: paths of service, intellectual analysis, devotion or meditation

Know your personality

Character traits

Behavioral traits

Attitudinal Change

Integrity Interpersonal Skills

Positive Attitude

AcceptanceCommunication

SkillsWin-win situation

DisciplineLeadership Qualities

Keep the end in mind

Dedication

Stress and Time management Synergies

TYPES OF PERSONALITY

PerfectionistsHelpersRomanticsAchieversAssertersQuestionersAdventurersObservers and Peacemakers.

CONT..

Perfectionists – are realistic, conscientious and principled Ex: Narayan Murthy – Infosys.

Helpers – are warn, concerned, nurturing and sensitive to other people’s needs

Ex: Mother Teresa.

Achievers – are eneagetic, optimistic, self assured and goal oriented

Ex: Sachin Tendulkar

Romantics – have sensitive feelings and are warm and perceptive

Ex: M. F. Hussain – great Indian Painter

Observers – have a need for knowledge and are introverted, curious, analytical and insightful.

Ex: Amartya Sen - Great economist

CONT..

Questioners – are responsible and trustworthy.Ex: Shabana Azmi

Adventurers – are energetic, lively and optimistic. They want to contribute to the world

Ex: Vijay Mallya - NRI businessman.

Asserters – are direct, self-reliant, self confident and protective.

Ex: T. N. Seshan - Chief Election Commissioner.

Peacemakers – are receptive, good-natured and supportive. They seek union with others and the world around them

Ex: Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

IT CAN HELP IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS

• To learn the business etiquette of exchanging cards, wishing on first meeting, bowing when you are visiting Japan and the like.

• Voice modulation, diction, communication skills, phone etiquette, hygiene, empowerment skills, time management and positive thinking.

• To cultivate a friendly, interactive manner. Essentials like giving a speech, voice development and modulation of voice.

• It enhances the sense of confidence and self-worth.

PERSONALITY TEST

This can identify:Value systemEmotional reaction to a critical situationMoods and characteristic behaviour traits.Maturity in handling a crisis.Ability to adjust himself to the stress of day-to-day

executive lifestyle.Self-confidence, personal ambition, emotional control

and sociability etc. 

BODY LANGUAGE

Body language communicates much more than words. Body language signals are called ‘leakages’ because you may try to tell something, but the truth will leak out visually.

AVOID SUCH BODY LANGUAGE

• Crossed arms or legs

• Carrying books or papers across your chest

• Slumped posture

• Sitting perched on the edge of the chair

• Wringing hands

• Tapping foot

• Rocking legs

• Drumming fingers

• Biting nails

CONT..

• Fiddling with the jewelry or hair

• Covering your mouth with your hand while talking

• Rocking in your chair

• Scratching a lot

• Clearing your throat too much

• Straightening your tie

• Playing with watch or cufflinks

• Hands in the pocket

LOOKING AGGRESSIVE

• Arms folded across the chest

• Staring

• Pointing

• Making a fist

• Leaning over someone

BEHAVING RUDELY

Working when someone is talking to youPuffing SmirkingWhisperingCracking knucklesGrooming yourself’Standing too closePacking up folders and papers well before the

meeting is overShaking hands too hard or limp handshakes

CONT..

Yawning when the meeting is in progressLooking at your watch repeatedlyBlinking a lotFiddling with rings, watches, earrings and chainsTapping or clicking pensPlaying with paper clipsJingling money in pocketPicking at fingernailsTwiddling bits of hairSmoking

LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

CourageSelf-controlA keen sense of justice and fairnessDefiniteness of plansThe habit of doing more than being paid forA pleasing personalitySympathy and understandingMastery of detailsWillingness to assume full responsibilityCo-operation

PERSONAL QUALITIES

• accurate

• adaptable

• astute

• can work under pressure

• careful

• committed

• competent

• cooperative

• courteous

CONT..

• decisive

• dedicated

• energetic

• methodical

• meticulous

• orderly

• organized

• positive

• practical

CONT..

• extrovert• flexible• friendly• get on well with other people• good communicator• good sense of humour • good time-keeper• hard working• imaginative

CONT..

• independent worker• lively• logical• loyal• self confident• self motivated• sensitive• thorough• thoughtful• vigilant• work well with others

Determinants of personality

Biological factorsFamily &

Social factorsCultural factors Situational factors

1. Heredity

2. Brain

3. Physical features

1.Socialisation process(Behaviour from family & social group)

2. Identification process ( Selecting ideal person)

3. Home environment(Brought up)

4.Social Group.

1. Independence- Australia

2. Aggression- North Korea

3. Competition- India

4. Co-operation- Japan

1.Positive behaviour

2.Negative behaviour

TYPE A AND B

Type A Personality

•Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly.

•Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place.

•Strive to think or do two or more things at once.•Cannot cope with leisure time.

•Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.

Type B Personality

•Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience.

•Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements or accomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation.

•Play for fun & relaxation, instead of exhibit their superiority at any cost.

Can relax without guilt.

BIG 5 IN SHORT…

Personality Factors Characters

1. Conscientiousness

2. Agreeableness

3. Neuroticism

4. Openness

5. Extroversion

Careful, dependable and self disciplined

Courteous, good natured, empathic and caring.

Poised, secure and calm.

Sensitive, flexible, creative and curious.

Outgoing and cautious.

THANK YOUProf. Sneh Anand, Dr. P.V.M. Rao and Dr. M.R.Ravi National Resource Centre for

Value Education in Engineering (NRCVEE), IIT Delhi

http://psychology.about.com/od/personalitydevelopment/a/personality-dev.htm