People celebrating independence South Sudan
South Sudan situation
Republic of South Sudan
National Foundation ： 9th July ,2011（ gained independence from Sudan through over 40years civil war ）
Area ： 619,745 K ㎡
Population ： 10.3 million
Ethnic group ： Dinka, Nuer, Murle, others
religion ： Christianity, Others traditional （ Sudan is Arabic ）
language ： English(official) 、 others local language （ Sudan is Arabic ）
●Youngest contry,4years from foundation and 54th independent state in Africa.●Border between Sudan and South Sudan is some in English and Arabic border.
Indirect cause between Sudan ans South Sudan
Capital Juba
Sudan
South SudanChristianEnglish
IslamArabic
Khartoum
Outline
●South Sudan needs to transport crude oil via pipeline to the Red Sea through Sudan. ●Road condition is terrible and under many restrictions during rainy season.
Climatic
●From north to south, steppe,savannah,tropical zone
●Juba is savannah, rainy season from Apl to Oct and dry season from Nov to Mar
Geographical
●Landlocked country bordered by six countries
●Border with Uganda, 2,000m class mountanious club
●White Nile flows from south to north.
From Juba to northern border, Sudd wetland covers.
White Nile
Sudan
DRC
KENYA
ETHIOPIA
UGANDA
Juba
Mountanious
Sudd
wetland
Geo and climatic characteristics
正副 4
Dinka2.4million
Shiluk320,000
Nuer1.4million
Murle110,000
Bari460,000
２００ｋｍ
Azande610,000
Ethnic groups
JubaKapoetaYambio
Wau
RumbekPibor
Nasser
Malakal
Bentiu
Renk
Bor
( 資料源： ReliefWeb)
Roads in rainy season
impossiblepossible （ light vehicle only ）
River line
possible （ main road ）
JubaKapoetaYambio
Wau
RumbekPibor
Nasser
Malakal
Bentiu
Renk
( 資料源： ReliefWeb)
Bor
impossiblepossible （ light vehicle only ）
River line
possible （ main road ）
Roads in dry season
Economic index●Main production ： Oil,Agriculture,Forestry,Fishery●GDP ： $11.79 billion (comparison to the world:144 in 2012)●GDP per capita:$1,100(2012)●GDP real growth rate ： -47.5 ％ （ 2012 ）
Crude oil
●Economy is now highly oil-dependent.
Trade●Main trading partner ・ Export ： China, UAE, Japan, Saudi Arabia,India ・ Import ： China, india, India, UAE, Saudi Arabia●Main products ・ Export ： Crude oil ・ Import ： Machinery,Industrial products
Oil revenueOil revenue
South Sudan:98%Oil accounts for almost of government
revenues Sudan:54%
Oil-related facilities
Infrastructure in undeveloped by a civil war
Economic
On 27 Mar, Government sought the support of international partners to extend loans to ease the financial pressures stemming from the significant decline in national oil production and international oil prices.But international donors rejected,citing the lack of a peace agreement.
SPLA becomes the Government of South Sudan’s national military
Total Army Air Force 海 軍Around 200,000
⇒ UNKcategoly Production country type number
Land
MBT UNK T-72 、 T-55(*1) UNK
Artirelly RUSSIA BM-21 、 122mm D-30 UNK
AA missile RUSSIA, USSR SA-7(MANPADS)(*2) 、 23mm ZU-23-2 UNK
Small Arms UNK AK-47, 12.7mm DshK, RPG-7 UNK
Air
Comuter US Beach craft1900C 1
Transport Heli
RUSSIA Mi-17V-5 、 Mi-172 10
Army Commander
3rd DIVNorthern
Bahr El Ghazal
4th DIVUnity
8thDIVJonglei
5th DIVWestern
Bahr El Ghazal
1st DIVUpper Nile
6th DIVWestern Equatoria
2nd DIVCentral
Equatoria
7th DIVUpper Nile
Sec#2 MalakalSec#1 Wau Sec#3 Torit
Military structure Military structure
②Ethnic and Social problems
Dinka （ 2.3million ）
①Political Squabble
③Military
Former vice-president Eric Machar （ Nuer ）President Salva Kiir （ Dinka ） VS
Nuer （ 1.4million ）VS
Political maneuvering in advance of 2015 presidential election
Simmering ethnic tensions and bitter interpersonal rivalries remains（ the effect of longest civil war ）
Anti-government （ mainly Nuer ）
（ SPLA ｉｎ Opposition ）
SPLA split The fighting between forces loyal to Kiir and forces loyal to Machar
Government Army ： SPLA（ mainly Dinka ）
VS
Behind the Civil War
＜ legend ＞
： Government
： Anti-Government
： Dinka
： Nuer
： Murle
２００ｋｍ
Wau
Malakal
Distribution map with ethnic and political group
Bor
Rumbek
２
Ｊｕｂａ
WARRAP
UPPER NILE
LAKES
JONGLEI
UNITY
On 23 Jan 2014, ceasefire agreement signed
On 9 May 2014, Kiir and Machar signed another ceasefire agreement
On 10 June 2014,both agreed to begin talks on the formation of a transitional government
On 23 June 2014,IGAD announced that the talks postponed indefinitely
A ceasefire agreement on 9 may 2014
PresidentKiir Former vice-president MacharFormer vice-president Machar
※Clashes reported since the agreement signed
On 8 Oct 2014,The talks scheduled to last 60 days,both parties boycotted the talks
On 18 Dec 2014, the talks resume
Now, Both sides seeking to maximize their negotiating position,There is no room for compromise.
Peace talks
On 6 Mar 2015,peace talks adjourned indefinitely without agreement.
Peace talks Could not reached on 1 power sharing ratios in the Council of Ministers2 transitional security arrangements SPLM/A in OP’s proposals for two separate armies during the transition
The crucial issues1 The reinstatement of Machar into the second most powerful position in the government, the potential for Machar to succeed Kiir as President2 Whether SPLA and SPLA in Op will remain separated during the transitional period.
Vice-president status・ Proposing creation of two vice presidents with equal status (Government)・ Request first vice-president(SPLM-IO)
Power sharing ratio・ 60% government, 30% SPLM-IO and 10% Others(Government)・ 45-45% government and SPLM-IO and 10% others(SPLM-IO)
(1st Apr 2015,Sudan tribune )
34,674 IDPs in Juba 52,908 IDPs in Bentiu 21,368 IDPs in Malakal904 IDPs in Melut 2,374 IDPs in Bor 362 IDPs in Wau. Total number of IDPs in UNMISS protection sites was 112,590.
IDP as of 26 March
Yambio
JONGLEIJONGLEI
Bor
Ayod
Security Situation : JongleiTensions flared in fighting between SPLA and SPLA in Op in Ayod. UNMISS has observed increased military heli movement at Bor airport.
Ayod is an important location as it overlooks both the Bor-Malakal and River Nile resupply routes, and can influence the ability to move materials north. The SPLA reportedly have a strong presence in Ayod.
Yambio
JONGLEIJONGLEI
Bor
Fangak
Security Situation : Jonglei
30 March, Fighting took place between SPLA and SPLA-IO in Fangak. According to the Opposition, SPLA attempted to attack their positions to make strategic inroads.
1 April, in Bor, A Nuer county official from Ayod who claimed the recent fighting in Ayod had damaged the Government’s military installations. He claimed the Opposition forces involved in fighting in Ayod were White Army soldiers from the Nuer community. He stated that Opposition forces might push SPLA southwards towards Bor, which would trigger the Government to retaliate by launching an attack on the UNMISS protection site.
UNITYUNITY
Bentiu
Security Situation : UnityUnconfirmed reports indicating SPLA in Op advanced in north of Unity Oil Field. Meanwhile, several clashes were reported around Bentiu.
The value of taking control of the Unity Oil Field is uncertain, given that key elements of oil infrastructure would take several months to re-invigorate. The area of Rubkona and Bentiu remains well-defended by JEM fighting alongside SPLA.
Wadekona
Melut
UPPER NILEUPPER NILE
Following SPLA’s capture of Wadekona from Op forces, An SPLA Commander in Melut informed that Wunyok,located in northern Longochuk County is now under their full control.
Security Situation : Upper Nile
SPLA plans to take both Longochuk and Maiwut counties as part of their end of dry season offensive. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the recent SPLA advances in Longochuck County are aimed at establishing a stronghold in the area, similar to their position in Nassir, or are part of a deliberate attempt to push further south to the SPLM/A in Op stronghold in Pagak County.
MalakalUPPER NILEUPPER NILE
Security Situation : Upper Nile
1 April, Clashes occurred between armed Shilluk and armed Dinka. The fighting is related to a long-standing land dispute. Fighting also took place between Dinka and Shilluk in Malakal. The incident caused an estimated 2,000 civilians to move to UNMISS protection site. The Government dispatched SPLA troops to calm the situation.
NORTHERN BAHR NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZALEL GHAZAL
CENTRAL CENTRAL EQUATORIAEQUATORIA
Aweil マンキエン
In Northern Bahr El Ghazal, UNMISS observed an Antonov flying over Aweil and allegedly dropping bombs in Aweil.
On 1 April, pro-Government of Sudan militias have been deployed in Eastern Darfur, near the border with Aweil in preparation for the upcoming elections in Sudan.
Security Situation : Northern Bahr El-Ghazal
Yambio
WESTERN WESTERN EQUATORIAEQUATORIA
Security Situation : Western Equatoria
31 March, members of the civilian population from Nabiapai Boma, Gangura Payam in Yambio County, who were reportedly abducted by Lord’s Resistance Army on 3 March, have been released.
Yambio
Raja
NORTHERN BAHR NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZALEL GHAZAL
CENTRAL CENTRAL EQUATORIAEQUATORIA
EASTERN EASTERN EQUATORIAEQUATORIA
UNITYUNITYWARRAPWARRAPWau
Aweil
Juba
Renk
Mayom
Maridi
Nasser
モギリ
JONGLEIJONGLEILAKESLAKES
Malakal
Torit
Bentiu
Kapoeta
Gumuruk
ｶﾞｺﾞｸ
Tumbura
WESTERN WESTERN EQUATORIAEQUATORIA
WESTRN BAHR WESTRN BAHR EL GHAZALEL GHAZAL
マペル
マシアング
Yirol
ボマ
Pibor
Bor
Akobo
Rumbek
ポチャラ
Yuai
ポクタプ
Ayod
ファラジャラ
マンキエン
pagak
Yei
マイェンジュア
パジア
Kodok
パユエリ
Paloich
オワチトンガドレイブ･
ヒル
ムンドリ
ティムサハ
ニムレ
Wang Kai
ニャン
ゴンゴコロ
ブオス
ダク
ワート
Melut
パタイ
バリエット
トレ
ブオス
マペル
Kuacjok
ロミチ
ナダパル
Pariang
ｼﾞｬﾏﾑ
Kajo Keji
カナル ニィロル郡
T チュクドゥム
コク
ファンガク
ケート
マンヨｰ郡
ﾊﾟﾆｼﾞｬﾙ
ツラレイ
ナゲロ
ﾌﾞﾝｼﾞ
UPPER NILEUPPER NILE
ガディアング
パニャゴル
トゥイックイースト郡
ﾍﾞﾈｿﾜ
Terekeka
Blue NILE
Leer
Abyei
Wadekona
LAKESLAKES
Security Situation : Lakes
31 March, one person from the Dinka Agar clan was killed during a cattle-raiding incident that led to a clash near Korikori payam between Dinka Agar from Rumbek and Dinka Atuat from Yirol.
Rumbek
Yirol
