TEEB Implementation: How to implement the results of TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity), especially with regard to

businesses, local players and citizens

Patrick ten BrinkTEEB for Policy Makers Co-ordinator

Head of Brussels Office

Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)

Closing the International Year of Biodiversity 2010:“How to better understand and communicate the socio-economic value of Biodiversity”

A green future and benefits for everyone - Biodiversity and social responsibility14 December 2010,

Bois du Cazier, Charleroi (Marcinelle) – Belgium

1

Presentation overview

Part A: TEEB Overview / Evidence Base & link to the CBD Strategic Plan

Part B: TEEB Implementation / shared responsibility and communication at different levels

• Local/regional

• Business

• Citizens

Part C: Next Steps

TEEB‟s Genesis and steps, communicating the global evidence base to different audiences

TEEB Interim Report @ CBD COP-9, Bonn, May 2008

Brussels

13 Nov 2009

Sweden

Sept. 2009

India, Brazil,

Belgium,

Japan & SA

Sept. 2010

London

July 2009

National

International

Policy MakersBusiness

Local and

regional

authorities /

policy makers

teeb4me

Citizens

All

TEEB “results” / contributions :

• Evidence base and awareness - of urgency/opportunity,

values/costs, solutions - widened audience

•Tools , methods and approaches

• Recommendations for action at all levels

• Engaged global network (ongoing)

Presentation overview

CBD COP 10 Nagoya: Strategic Plan 2011-20

5 strategic goals & 20 headline targets ….extracts…

Value of biodiversity specific focus of some SP targets

Target 1:… people aware of the values of biodiversity …..

Target 2: …. biodiversity values have been integrated ….into strategies… planning … national accounting…. reporting systems.

Evidence on values of biodiversity can also support most other targetse.g. On sustainable fisheries, agriculture, forestry, sustainable use …

“TEEB implementation” should contribute to the `Strategic Plan realisation`

Strategic goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem services

Target 14: … ecosystems that provide essential services…. restored and safeguarded

Target 15: … contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks has been enhanced…

Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization;

Evidence base - Assessing values and actions

Assessing the value of working with natural capital has helped determine where

ecosystems can provide goods and services at lower cost than by man-made

technological alternatives and where they can lead to significant savings

• USA-NY: Catskills-Delaware watershed for NY: PES/working with nature saves money (~5US$bn)

• New Zealand: Te Papanui Park - water supply to hydropower, Dunedin city, farmers (~$136m)

• Mexico: PSAH to forest owners, aquifer recharge, water quality, deforestation, poverty (~US$303m)

• France & Belgium: Priv. Sector: Vittel (Mineral water) PES & Rochefort (Beer) PES for water quality

•Venezuela: PA helps avoid potential replacement costs of hydro dams (~US$90-$134m over 30yr)

• Vietnam restoring/investing in Mangroves - cheaper than dyke maintenance (~US$: 1m to 7m/yr)

• South Africa: WfW public PES to address IAS, avoids costs and provides jobs (~20,000; 52%♀)

• Germany : peatland restoration: avoidance cost of CO2 ~ 8 to 12 €/t CO2 (0-4 alt. land use)

Sources: various. Mainly in TEEB for National and International Policy Makers, TEEB for local and regional policy and TEEB cases

TEEB implementation: assess where working with nature saves money

– for public (city, region, national), private sector, communities and citizens

& who, with which collaboration/partnerships can make it happen

Beneficiaries:

Public sector (e.g. water – national & municipalities),

Public goods (e.g forests, biodiversity, climate),

Private sector (e.g. water, beer, energy, agriculture),

Citizens (e.g. water quantity, quality, price, security) and

Communities (e.g. payments, livelihoods/jobs, ecological assets & “GDP of the poor”)

Decisions: conservation / restoration investment, PES / public programmes, protected areas

Policy synergies: Water – availability/quantity, quality,

Climate - mitigation (green carbon) and (ecosystem based) adaptation to CC

Job creation and livelihoods

Security - natural hazards (e.g. flooding), water, energy

Finances - public sector budget savings (Nat. gov’t, public services, municipalities)

Industrial policy – energy, water, forestry, agriculture...

Consumer affordability

Poverty and in each case : biodiversity.

TEEB implementation: understand beneficiaries, appreciate synergies – build on both

Valuation and policy making:from valuing natural assets to decisions

Part A: Summary

Assessing the value of nature improves the evidence base for decisions – public

(global, multi-country, national, regional, local), private and community/citizen.

Qualitative, quantitative, spatial and monetary analysis each have a role

Has proven to be useful for investment decisions, permit decisions,

encouraging support (political and public) for action, helped in instrument

choice, design, political and legal launch and implementation.

The whole picture of benefits and costs need

to be appreciated – the here and now, the

over there and over time, the private and

public

As do the range of responsibilities, interests

and opportunities of the players

…always better to look at the whole board

and engage the right combination of players for each job

…is this enough to work out what to do

and achieve results ?

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern project 2000-2008

• Restoration of 30,000 ha (10%)

• Emission savings of up to 300,000 t CO2-eq.

• CO2 Avoidance cost of 8 to 12 € / t CO2

• if alternative land use options are realized

(extensive grazing, reed production or alder

forest) costs decrease to 0 to 4 € / t CO2

• drainage of 930,000 ha peatlands in Germany for agriculture cause emissions of 20 Mio. t of CO2-eq. per year

• total damage of these emissions amounts to ~1.4 billion €

• peatland restoration: low cost and biodiversity friendly mitigation option

Global Issues, Regional solutions: Assessing value of nature-based CC mitigation

Source: Federal Environmental Agency 2007; MLUV MV 2009; Schäfer 2009Restored peatland in Trebeltal 2007

Foto: D. Zak, http://www.fv-berlin.de

Ecosystem

Valuation Benefits

Annual Value

(2005, CDN $)

Carbon Values 366 million

Air Protection Values 69 million

Watershed Values 409 million

Pollination Values 360 million

Biodiversity Value 98 million

Recreation Value 95 million

Agricultural Land

Value

329 million

Cities & assessing Multiple Benefits – City of Toronto

Source: Wilson, S. J. (2008)

Map: http://greenbeltalliance.ca/images/Greebelt_2_update.jpg

• Estimating the value of the Greenbelt for the City of Toronto

• The greenbelt around Toronto offers $ 2.7 billion worth of non-market ecological

services with an average value of $ 3, 571 / ha.

→ Implication re: future management of the greater city area ?

Shrimp Farm

private

profits

less

subsidies

Net of public

costs of

restoration

needed

after 5 years

private

profits

Mangroves

0

10000

US$

/ha/yr

private profits

5000

If public wealth is included, the “trade-off”

choice changes completely…..

$584/ha

$1220/ha

$9632/ha

$584/ha

-ve $11,172/ha

$12,392/ha

Source: Barbier et al, 2007

After

Adding

Public

Benefits

From

mangroves

Based only on private gain, the “trade-

off” choice favours conversion…..

Regional/local authorities: taking account of public goods in

land use planning, authorisations

Fishery

nursery

Storm

protection

Presentation overview

What can Business do Today ?

1. Identify impacts & dependence on biodiversity & ecosystem services (BES)

2. Assess the business risks and opportunities associated with these

impacts and dependencies

3. Develop BES information systems, set targets, measure and value

performance, report results

4. Avoid, minimize and mitigate BES risks, using compensation („offsets‟)

where appropriate, based on concept of Net Positive Impact

5. Grasp emerging BES business opportunities, e.g. cost-efficiencies, new

products and new markets

6. Integrate BES actions with wider Corporate Social Responsibility

7. Engage with business peers and other stakeholders to improve BES

guidance and policy

Source: TEEB for Business

Presentation overview

Greening Markets… from niches to mainstream

Market (niches) for products & services demonstrating conservation benefits:

products with reduced direct impacts on biodiversity, due to adoption of more

efficient or low-impact production and processing methods

e.g. for reduced impact forestry - FSC, PESC certified timber - Sales of certified „sustainable‟

forest products quadrupled between 2005 and 2007

e.g. for fisheries, MSC certification - From April 2008 to March 2009, the global market for

eco-labeled fish products grew by over 50%, to a retail value of US$ 1.5 billion

e.g. Organic - Global sales of organic food and drink = US$ 46 billion in 2007 (threefold

increase since 1999)

Major consumer brand owners and retailers added „ecologically-friendly‟

attributes to their products: Mars (Rainforest Alliance cocoa); Cadbury (Fairtrade cocoa);

Kraft (Rainforest Alliance Kenco coffee); Unilever (Rainforest Alliance PG Tips).

products/services based on sustainable use of ecosystem services & biodiversity

e.g. ecotourism or biotrade.

Source : Mixed - thanks toJosh Bishop for some facts and figures

Presentation overview

Business: Commitments & Walking the talk

Meeting Commitments

• Identify impacts & dependence on BES;

• assess the business risks and opportunities

• Develop BES info systems, set targets, measure & value performance, report

results

• grasp BES business opportunities, e.g. cost-efficiencies, new products & markets

• Avoid, minimize & mitigate BES risks, using compensation („offsets‟) where

appropriate

Commitments: towards no net loss and net positive impacts

BC Hydro: “long-term goal of no net incremental environmental impact.”

Rio Tinto: “Our goal is to have a „net positive impact‟ on biodiversity.”

Sony: “strives to achieve a zero environmental footprint throughout the lifecycle of our products and business activities.”

Walmart: “Committed … to permanently conserve at least one acre of priority wildlife habitat for every developed acre.” ~= no net BD loss

Presentation overview

Citizens

Direct and indirect impacts on BD and opportunities to act

Consumption: Diet, Energy, transport, appliances, housing, holidays…

Action: address consumption …e.g. lower meat content diet…

Positive action: carbon neutral (trees…), green infrastructure

Getting the messages across to citizens

• TEEBCase collection: http://www.environmentalatlas.net/

• teeb4me website http://bankofnaturalcapital.com/

• MOfilm : Little Things (Laurence Chen), The Invoice (Karen Erbach) http://www.4shared.com/dir/kmxyk86b/Mofilm.html

• Social media: Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/TEEB4me , Twitter: http://twitter.com/teeb4me

• and of course, policy instruments: labelling (FSC,PEFC, MSC, Organic, white goods, etc), standards

and law (e.g. wood origin); pricing (e.g. water, CO2), measurement (e.g. footprints), and offsets (e.g. carbon)

and enjoyment (Natura 2000)

TEEB Implementation – some post Nagoya steps

TEEB Brazil, TEEB India, TEEB NL ..

World Bank/UNEP et al 10+10 initiative on National accounts …

TEEB for Agriculture; TEEB & Water ….

Rio+20

CBD COP11

SEEA 2012

Parallel track: Similar type work independent of TEEB

Many initiatives that focus on (responding to) the value of nature by range of actors

Support for business and biodiversity (indicators, valuation reporting)

Regional workshops (DGENV/Defra) + CBD collaboration re NBSAPs

Quantitative assessment, social dimension of BD, valuation, Green

infrastructure, accounting, and links BD & ESS

TEEB Country & Regional Studies

Initiatives building on TEEB recommendations

TEEB Integration

Awareness raising / Capacity building (developing countries)

Science / Economics evidence base

SummaryAppreciating the value of biodiversity and ecosystems is increasingly valuable, if not

essential for decision making:for policy makers (city, regional, national and international), for

business, for citizens. It can help implement the CBD Strategic Plan

• e.g. business - appreciating the value of inputs, oft unpriced, and dependence on these

inputs is essential for business - prices / availability may change.

• Taking account of potential risks and liabilities also key for business – we can expect

greater demands for this, and conversion of damages to real liabilities.

• Committing to no net loss, or net positive gain is key, and then walking the talk

• e.g. local authorities: appreciating public good benefits of green infrastructure / nat. capital

can help in planning, authorisations / permitting, investment decisions

• e.g. citizens: help with purchasing and use choices, investment decisions, activities

TEEB aimed to contribute/communicate an increased evidence base on the value of nature,

share experience on measurement/assessment and on (policy) responses, building on a rich

diversity of valuable initiatives past and present and hopefully encouraging more analysis across

the world and greater action for biodiversity, a shared social responsibility and common

interest.

Thank you

TEEB Reports available on http://www.teebweb.org/

& TEEB in Policy Making will come out as an Earthscan book in March 2011

See also www.teeb4me.com

Patrick ten Brink, ptenbrink@ieep.eu

IEEP is an independent, not-for-profit institute dedicated to the analysis, understanding and promotion of policies for a sustainable environment www.ieep.eu

Manual of EU Environmental Policy: http://www.earthscan.co.uk/JournalsHome/MEEP/tabid/102319/Default.aspx