e Toxi

Pc

CM

U

vsrmit(flpicdw(stardswrtva

d

Pr

I

aumadttF

AApi((roiF

(a

Abstracts / Reproductiv

20—The toxicokinetics of various perfluorinated alkyl chemi-als in the Harlan Spraque-Dawley rat

had R. Blystone ∗, Veronica G. Robinson, Cynthia S. Smith, Ron L.elnick, Kris A. Thayer, Michael J. DeVito

National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC,nited States

The toxicokinetic properties of perfluorinated alkyl chemicalsary greatly due to differences in elimination rates across species,exes, and chain length, which makes comparative toxicity andisk assessments across the class difficult when using external doseetrics. The National Toxicology Program is undertaking a toxic-

ty evaluation of the perfluorinated chemicals class and conductedoxicokinetic studies of perfluorobutane sulfonate potassium saltPFBS), perfluorohexane sulfonate potassium salt (PFHxS), per-uorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA),erfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)

n male and female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (8–9 wks old) toharacterize the kinetics in this animal model. A single IV or oralose (three concentrations) was administered in deionized waterith 2% Tween 80. At varying time points plasma concentrations

n = 3/time point) were determined by chromatography with masspectroscopy (LC–MS/MS). Data sets were evaluated using one orwo compartmental models (WinNonlin). As expected, the half lifend elimination rates was shorter and faster respectively in femaleats for PFOA. PFHxA, PFBS, and PFHxS also displayed a similar sexifference pattern while PFOS and PFDA did not. In both sexes, thehorter chained PFBS and PFHxS were eliminated quickly (hours)hile PFOS and PFDA had much longer (weeks) half lives. In female

ats, PFHxA displayed biphasic elimination. The bioavailability forhese chemicals was generally around 100%. These data will pro-ide guidance for dose selection in the NTP class toxicity evaluationnd assist the risk assessment for this chemical class.

oi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.054

21—Assessment, remediation and risk assessment of perfluo-inated chemicals at 2 former fire training areas

an Chatwell

Transport Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Transport Canada historically operated two former fire trainingreas (FTAs) in central British Columbia, Canada. FTAs 1 and 2 weresed for fire-fighter training between 1972 and 1992. Each FTA for-erly included an aircraft mockup (comprised culvert sections),fuelling station (above ground fuel storage and pump) and fuelistribution lines. The fire training exercises consisted of floodinghe aircraft mockups with fuel, igniting the fuel and conducting fireraining exercises using fire suppression products such as Aqueousilm Forming Foam (AFFF), Super K and Purple K.

It has been estimated that at least 2000 litres (L) and 2700 L ofFFF were consumed annually at FTA 1 and FTA 2, respectively.ccording to various Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), AFFFroducts are reported to contain a variety of substances includ-

ng water (65–85%), urea (3–7%), diethylene glycol butyl ether10–20%), alkyl sulphate salts (1–5%), perfluoroalkyl sulfonate salts0.1–1%), triethanolamine (0.1–1%), fluoroalkylamides (2%) andesidual organic fluorochemicals (<1%). Assuming that at least 1%f the applied AFFF consists of PFCs (Hekster et al., 2002), it is antic-pated that at least 470 L of PFCs may have been deposited at the

TAs over the periods of the fire training activities.

Environmental investigations of perfluorinated chemicalsPFCs) at the FTAs commenced in 2006. Between November 2006nd July 2009, samples of soil, groundwater, soil invertebrate and

cology 33 (2012) 1–29 9

plant tissue, and small mammal tissue were collected from the Siteand analyzed for PFCs. In addition to characterizing and delineatingPFCs contamination, site-specific risk based soil and groundwa-ter remedial targets were derived for PFOS and other PFCs. A soilleaching study was completed in 2009. A Vacuum Enhanced Multi-phase Extraction System has been operating at the site since 2005 toremove free-phase hydrocarbons, the effectiveness of the system toremediate PFCs has been evaluated. The poster would summarizefindings of our work.

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.055

P22—Comparative pharmacokinetics of perfluorohexanesul-fonate (PFHxS) in rats and monkeys

Maria Sundström 1,∗, Shu-Ching Chang 2, David J. Ehresman 2,Patricia E. Noker 3, Geary W. Olsen 2, Gregory S. Gorman 3, Jill A.Hart 2, Trina N. John 4, Åke Bergman 1, John L. Butenhoff 2

1 Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University,Stockholm, Sweden2 3M Company, St. Paul, MN, United States3 Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL, United States4 Pace Analytical Services, Minneapolis, MN, United States

Perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) has been found in biologicalsamples from wildlife and humans. The geometric mean half-lifeof serum elimination of PFHxS in humans has been estimated to be7.3 years (95% CI 5.8–9.2 years). A series of studies was undertakento establish pharmacokinetic parameters in non-human species.Male (M) and female (F) monkeys were given a single intravenous(IV) dose of K+PFHxS and serum and urine PFHxS concentrationswere followed for 171 d. M and F rats were given single oral dosesof 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg K+PFHxS and urine and feces were collectedover 96 h and serum and liver collected at 96 h. Jugular-cannulatedM and F rats were given either IV or oral single 10 mg/kg dosesof K+PFHxS and serum concentrations of PFHxS were followedfor 24 h. M and F rats were given a single IV dose of 10 mg/kg,and serum, feces, and urine were collected weekly for 10 weeks.All PFHxS analyses utilized LC–MS\MS methods. Pharmacokineticparameters were determined by WinNonlin® software. Volumesof distribution indicated predominant extracellular distribution.Mean serum elimination half-lives were 141 and 87 d for M andF monkeys and ca. 30 and 1.5 d for M and F rats.

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.11.056

P23—Investigation of waste incineration of fluorotelomer-based polymers and fluoropolymers as a potential source ofPFOA in the environment

P.H. Taylor 1,∗, T. Yamada 1, R.C. Striebich 1, J.L. Graham 1, R.J.Giraud 2

1 University of Dayton Research Institute, Environmental EngineeringGroup, Dayton, OH, United States2 DuPont Engineering Research and Technology, Wilmington, DE,United States

In light of the widespread presence of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) in the environment, two comprehensive laboratory-scalestudies have developed data requested by U.S. EPA to determinewhether municipal and/or medical waste incineration of eithercommercial fluorotelomer-based polymers or commercial fluo-

ropolymers at end of life is a potential source of PFOA that maycontribute to environmental and human exposures. Each studywas divided into two phases (I and II) and conducted in accordancewith U.S. EPA Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) as described in