OPEN OCEAN
EARTH’S SURFACE
75%
OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE IS COVERED BY OCEAN WATER
7 OCEANS • NORTH ATLANTIC
• SOUTH ATLANTIC
• NORTH PACIFIC
• SOUTH PACIFIC
• INDIAN
• ARCTIC
• ANTARCTIC
CURRENTS • MOVEMENT OF WATER AROUND THE
GLOBE
• SURFACE CURRENTS CAUSED BY WIND
• DEEP CURRENTS CAUSED BY
DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE AND
SALINITY
GYRE
A LARGE CIRCULAR CURRENT WHICH FLOWS BETWEEN CONTINENTS.
North Atlantic Current
Canary Current
Equatorial Current
Gulf Stream
NORTH ATLANTIC GYRE
TYPES OF ORGANISMS
1. PLANKTON –
MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS
WHICH DRIFT AND ARE CARRIED BY CURRENTS
PHYTOPLANKTON
ONE-CELLED PLANTS
ALGAE DIATOMS
ZOOPLANKTON ANIMALS THAT CAN NOT SWIM
EGGS, LARVA, BABY FISH, JELLIES
TYPES OF ORGANISMS
2. NEKTON –
ANIMALS THAT CAN SWIM
HAVE FINS, FLIPPERS ETC.
FISH, SEAL,
TURTLE, WHALE
TYPES OF ORGANISMS
3. BENTHOS –
ANIMALS THAT LIVE ON THE BOTTOM – CAN NOT SWIM
CLAM, WORM
CRAB, SPONGE
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
1. OVERFISHING –CATCH TOO MANY FISH & OTHER ANIMALS THAT ARE NOT WANTED BY THE FISHERMEN
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
2. POLLUTION – SEWAGE, GARBAGE,
OIL SPILLS & AIR POLLUTANTS END UP IN THE OCEAN.
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
POLLUTION – FLOATABLE WASTES
ARE EATEN BY MANY ANIMALS
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
3. GLOBAL WARMING –
AS SEA LEVEL RISES COASTAL ANIMALS/PLANTS MUST ADAPT
ICE MELTING WILL LOWER SALINITY WHICH WILL CHANGE THE GLOBAL CURRENTS
O Z C O E N A E N S
• SUNLIGHT CAN PENETRATE UP TO 600 FEET DEEP
• ALL PLANTS (SEAWEEDS, ALGAE)
PLANKTON, MOST FISH, MAMMALS,
• PREDATORY ANIMALS THAT COME TO THE SURFACE AT NIGHT TO FEED
• SQUID & SHARKS
• MANY ORGANISMS HAVE BIOLUMINESCENCE – THEY GLOW!
• PRODUCE LIGHT TO ATTRACT A MATE OR ATTRACT PREY
• ADAPTATIONS TO EXTREME HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE.
(250X NORMAL AIR PRESSURE)
FISH HAVE
SMALL SKELETONS
& LACK COLOR
SUMMARY • Organisms live at different depths
• Pollution and overfishing are two big threats to the ocean
• Organisms float, swim or crawl to more around.
