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Page 1: Nineteenth century russia

LATE NINETEENTH CENTURYRUSSIAN ART, CULTURE, AND

POLITICSEric Beckman

Anoka HS, MN

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Russian Identities

WesternizersRussia is between East and West, and

should aim to be more Western

SlavophilesRussia is unique and should embrace its distinctive culture

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Westernizing Ideas:Rejecting Russian Uniqueness

Liberal Capitalism

Revolutionary Socialism

Western CultureRussian

Culture as backwards

• Free politics• Constitutional

Democrats• Industrial

development• Marxism: Social

Democrats• Rejected Liberalism

and the Old Regime

• Literature & Languages

• Musical forms

• Orthodoxy• Peasantry

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Slavophile Ideas:Embracing Russia’s Uniqueness

Peasantry

Orthodoxy

Monarchy

Revolutionary Socialism

• Folk tales, songs, and wisdom

• Religious faith• Natural socialists

• True Christianity• Savior to Europe

• Order• Paternalism• Tradition

• Go to the people• Socialist Revolutionaries

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Vasily Ivanovich Surikov,The Morning of the Streltsy’s Execution, 1881

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Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, Boyarina Morozova, 1887

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Pictures at An Exhibition

Pictures by Viktor Hartmann

Piano music by Modest Mussorgsky

Orchestrated by others, most famously by Maurice Ravel

Mussorgsky

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The Great Gate of Kiev

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Hut of Baba Yaga

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Sources of Discontent

Nationalism

Peasantry

Proletariat

Intelligentsia

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Radicalized Intelligentsia:Revolutionaries

Populists• People’s Will• Socialist Revolutionaries

Nihilists

Anarchists

Marxist Socialists•Social Democrats• Menshiviki• Bolsheviki


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