Download - Minolta Flash Meter IV 01

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tr INSTRUCTION MAI{UAL

FLASH METER IV

MINOLTA FLASH METER IVThe Minolta Flash Meter lV is the most advanced exposure meter available for measur-

ing both flash and ambient light sources. By attaching the appropriate receptor, you cantake precise incident-light or ref lected-light readings.

A large LCD data panel shows complete exposure information in both analog anddigital form. A built-in microcomputer and memory function make it easy to calculatethe exposure for highlights, shadows, or an average of two areas.

The Flash Meter lV also features a special "analyze" function that lets you takereadings of flash and ambient light simultaneously. After taking a reading, you can varythe exposure settings to make either light source dominant.

A wide range of accessories are available for your Flash Meter lV, including spot-metering attachments and external receptors for incident-light and reflected-light meter-ing. And if you use a Minolta (Maxxum) 7000 or 9000 camera, the Data Receiver DR-1000 enables remote control of the camera via infrared signals from the Flash Meter lV.With other carneras, the lR Receiver-Trigger can be used to trigger a flash unit by remotecontrol.

Before using the Flash Meter lV, please read this manual carefully to learn about themeter's parts and functions. This way, you can begin to realize the full potential of theFlash Meter lV right from the start.

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CONTENTSNAMESOFPARTS. ......2PREPARATION

fnstallingtheBattery ......4Settingthe FilmSpeed. ........5AttachingaReceptor .,....S

GENERALTNFORMATTON... ......6DATAPANELDISPLAYS .....10

Digital Display ........11AnalogDisplay .....12GuideValueDisplay ........13

AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTSShutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode. ....14Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode . ... .. .. .16

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC COFDShutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode. .......18Aperture-Priority(FNo.l Mode. ...20

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD-shutter-Priority(TIME) Mode. .......22

Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode .

MEMORYFUNCTION. ......26RE F LECTED.LIGHT CALCU LATIONS

HighlightCalculations ......28ShadowCalculations ....29AveragedCalculations .....30Checking Other Areas of the Scene . . . . .31Changing the Highlight and Shadow Values . . . . .32

EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT . . . . . . . . . . .33MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENT LIGHT

Analyze Function ..... .......34Fill-in Flash :.... .......36Comparinglncidentand Reflected-LightMeasurements,........37

MEASUREMENTSFORAMOVIECAMERA .....38LIGHTINGRATIOCALCULATIONS. .....39GUfDENUMBERCALCULATTONS. .....40ILLUMINANCECALCULATIONS. ..,...41

ExposureValueNumbers.... ........41INFRAREDREMOTECONTROL .....42GAL|BRATION.... ...:. .......43ACCESSORfES. . . . .. ... .. .44TECHNICALDETAILS .....46CAREANDSTORAGE .....47

NAMES OF PARTS

Receptor head

Memory clearInfrared (lR)transmitter window (421

Data panel (101

Memory button

Strap eyelet

Shadow key (29)Averaging key (30)

ishlight key (281

Measuring buttonMeasuring-mode switch

Up/down control

Function switch

On/recall button (4)

Sync terminal


Reflected-light attachment (5)

Data-transmission button (42(For use with Data ReceiverD R-1000)

Shutter-release button (4(For use with Data ReceiverD R-1000)

Tripod socket

Battery cover(Measuring-level adjuster andbattery chambers A and B inside)

Accessory-receptor j ack

Analog-display switch ( 14)

Digital-display switch (1 1)

Normal/an dyze switch ( 14)

Single/multi switch

PREPARATION

Installing the BatteryThe Flash Meter lV's memory and measurement

circuits are powered by one AA-size battery that fitsinto battery chamber A. A 1.S-volt alkaline or carbon-zinc or 1.2-volt nickel-cadmium battery can be used.

1. Remove battery coverby sliding it downward.

2. Insert an AA-sizebattery into chamber Awith plus (+) and minus(-) ends as markdd inthe battery chamber.

3. Realign battery cov-er and slide it upwardsuntil it snaps into place.

o The meter will not operate unless a fresh battery isproperly installed.

Infrared Tranrmitter' The Flash Meter lV has a built-in infrared trans-mitter for use with the optional Data ReceiverDR-lOfi) and or lR Receiver-Trigger units. lf you use

either, of these units, a battery must be installed inbattery chamber B. A 6-volt alkaline (4LR44, Eve-ready 537 or equiv.l or 6.2-volt silver-oxide (4SR44,

Eveready il4 or equiv.) battery can be used. Seepage 42 for more information about using these units.

Switching on the Data Panel

The Flash Meter lVdoes not have a powerswitch. Even with powersupplied continuously tothe meter's memory, thepower consumption is

minimal. To conservepower, the Flash Meter lV automatically switch-es off the data panel display 4 minutes after taking a

reading or pressing a key. The most recent display canbe recalled at any time by pressing the On/Recallbutton. The display is illuminated for 8 seconds afterthe key is pressed.

Automatic battery checkWhen battery power is

low, the displays on thedata panel will blink whiletaking a measurement. lfthis occurs, install a new

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ryh-550-battery. When the battery is / | | \ \completely exhausted, the data panel will remainblank even after pressing the On/Recall button.o When replacing the battery, remove the dead

battery, press the On/Recall button to clear the

meter's circuit, then insert a fresh battery.


Setting the Film Speed

1 . Set the functionswitch to "lSO" posi-

tion.

2. Move the up/downcontrol downward to de-crease the ISO settingand, upward to increasethe setting. Each timethe control is moved, theISO setting changes by1/3 stop. The settingchanges continuously ifyou keep pressing theup/down control.

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3. After setting the film speed, set the functionswitch to "TlME" or "FNo." to take a reading.

NOTEo Any speed from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 can be set.o f SO 125 and ISO 125O are displayed as "lSO 12O"

and "lSO 1200", respectively.o After taking a measurement, you can change the

film-speed setting and the shutter-speed/f-numbercombination required for correct exposure willalso change.

Attaching a ReceptorThe Flash Meter is supplied with two receptors: a

spherical diffuser for incident-light measurements and

a reflected-light attachment for reflected-light meas-

urements. An explanation of how to take incident-and ref lected-light measurements appears on thefollowing pages.

Spherical Diffuser for inci-dent light

Ref lected-l i ght attachmentfor reflected light

To attach a receptor:Align the white dot

on the receptor with thereceptor index and insertthe receptor's bayonetinto the socket. Rotatethe receptor clockwise tosecure it.

To remove a receptor:Rotate the receptor

counterclockwise untilits dot aligns with recep-tor index and lift thereceptor out of the sock-et.

AccessoriesThe reflected-light attachment supplied with the

meter has a 40" angle of view. To take "spot" read-ings of smaller areas of a scene, Minolta's 5" View-finder or 10" Viewfinder ll can be used. The Boosterll is available for taking reflected-light readings off a

view camera's groundglass screen or in very low light.Refer to pages 44 and 45 for more information

about these and other accessories for the Flash Meterlv'

5

GENERAL INFORMATION

lncident{ight ReadingsWith incident-light readings, exposure is based on the brightness of the light falling on the subject. The sub-

ject's reflectivity (how light or dark it is) does not influence the reading.Many photographers prefer to make incident-light readings because these readings produce very predictable,

consistent exposures for most average scenes. Furthermore, this method is very quick and simple, and thus is

well-suited to determining the exposure in fast-changing situations.

Taking Incident-light ReadingsAttach the spherical diffuser to the Flash Meter lV. The optional Flat Diffuser, Mini Diffuser, and the 4X and

8X Spherical ND Diffusers can also be used.Move in close to the subiect so that you can measure the same light that is falling on the subject. Aim the

diffuser directly at the camera lens. lf you can't get close to the subject, hold the meter in the opposite directionthat the camera lens is facing.

In "AMBI" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode,press the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.

Incident light metering Light source

Camera


Reflected{ight ReadingsWith reflected-light readings, the Flash Meter lV averages the light reflected from all subjects in the scene. Like

all reflected-light meters, including those used in single-lens reflex cameras, the Flash Meter lV is designed to give

the correct exposure for a medium-gray tone.The assumption is that theaveragereflectance of the various light and dark tones in a scene would be about the

same as a medium-gray tone. In a wide variety of situations, reflected-light readings produce good exposures.A major advantage of taking reflected-light readings is that you can select which tones are most important and

determine the exposure just for these tones. For example, a bright highlight or shadow area can be measured andthe exposure can be calculated to retain detail in that area {see pages 34 and 35).

Taking Reflected-light ReadingsTo take a reflected-light reading, attach the reflected-light attachment. The optional Viewfinder 5o, View-

finder 10o ll can also be used. lf you use the Minolta Booster, Booster ll orSiner Boosterl, the spherical diffusermust be attached to the receptor head.

Hold the meter near the camera lens and aim the meter's receptor at the subiect. The reflected-light attach-ment has a 40o angle of view, so you may need to move closer to the subject so that the reading is not influencedby the background.

To make it easier to aim the meter, the receptor head can be rotated up to 270".In "AMBl" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode, press

the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.

Reflected light metering

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Selecting the Measuring Mode:Ambient and Flash Light Measurements

Ambient Light Mode"AMB l" (ambient

light) mode: Use f ormeasu rements of con-tinuous light sources, in-cl ud i ng day I ight, tu ng-

sten I ights, neon andfluorescent lights, andtelevision screens.o After ta king a read ing, you can change the shutter

speed (in "TlME" mode) or f-number ("FNo."mode) by moving the up/down control. Thenew shutter-speed lt-number combination will be

displayed.

Flash Light Modes"CORD" (sync cord)

mode : I n th is mode, a

sync cord is connectedbetween the flash unitand meter to trigger thef lash un it. Th is modecan be used to take read-ings of electronic flashand f lash bu lbs.

"NON.C" (non-cord)mode: In this mode, a

sync cord is not requ ired;you manually trigger theflash to take a measure-ment. This mode can be

used to take readings ofelectronic f lash.


Selecting the Function"T I M E" Mode: In shut-

ter-priority ("T lM E")mode, you f irst set thedesired shutter speed,then take a measure-ment. The requ ired f-number will be displayedon the data panel.o The shutter speed can

be set f rom 1/8000sec. to 30 m inutes in"AM B l" mode, andf rom 1/1 000 sec. to30 minutes in "CORD'and "NON.C" f lash

modes.

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"FNo" Mode: In aper-ture-priority ("F No.")mode, you can select anyf-number setting fromt lo.7 to t 190.

o Ambient-light meas-

urements: Set the f-nu m ber, then ta ke a

measu rement. The re-qu ired shutter speed

will be dispf ayed onthe data panel.

4h 5.6s

F lash measu rements :

Set the shutter speedfor proper X-sync,then set the f-number.After taking a meas-

urement, the GuideValue (GV) numberwill indicate how toadjust the flash powerf or correct exposu re.

lf you do not want to change the f lash's powerlevel, you can use the up/down control to set theGuide Value number to zero. The new f-numbersetting required for correct exposure will be

d isplayed .

lf the ambient-light level is too h igh for theshutter-speed lf-number combination you have set,the shutter speed will be changed automatically todisplay the correct exposure settings.

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DATA PANEL DISPLAYS

1. Pointers

Shadow calculation mark

Analog displaysContrast scalF-number scale

3. Shutter speed(TIME)/frame rate(crN E)

4. ISO film speed

5. Number of exposures/Guide Value (GV)

1. PointercPointers above analog displays indicate the mostrecent measurement and any memorized read-ings and calculated reading.

2. Analog displaysWhen f-number scale is displayed, the pointersindicate the f-number setting. When the contrastscale is displayed, the pointers indicate the differ-ence in exposure for up to three readings.

3. Shutter speedfframo rateShutter speed can be set in full-stops from1/8000 sec. to 30 min. in ambient-light (AMBI)mode and from 1/1000 to 30 min. in flash(CORD or NON.C) modes. Frame rate (filmingrate) for movie cameras can be set at 8, 12, 16,18,24,32, or 64 frames per second in ambient-light (AMBI) mode.

4. ISO film speedWhen function switch is set to "lSO", film speedcan be adjusted from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 in1/3-stop increments.

5. Number of exposures/Guide ValueWhen "MULTl" is displayed, number of ex-posures required is indicated. Display shows from"O" to "9", then changes back to "O" andcontinues counting if additional measurementsare taken. When "GV" is displayed, the amountof adjustment to flash power is indicated.

6. Reflected-light calculation modes"l!1" for highlight calculation, "El" for shadowcalculation, and "El" for an average of twomeasurements.

6. Reflected-light calculation modes

Highlight calculation mark

7. Analyze functionindicator

8. Memory indicators

9. Under/over rangeindicators

10. Measuring modes

11. Multiple measurementindicator

12. F-numbers (FNo.)/Aperture Valuenumbers (ExlN)

7. Analyze function indicator"AN." blinks when normal/analyze switch is set

to "ANALYZE".8. Memory indicators

A dot appears when a measurement is stored inthe memory. Up to two measurements can be

stored and recalled.9. Over/under range indicators

lf brightness is under the meter's measurementrange, "V" blinks; if over the meter's range,tt @tt blinks.

o ff "U" or "4" blink together with "T|ME","FNo.", "ExlN", "GV", or "MULTl", thgmeasurement is outside of the meter's displayrange. Usable reading or indications can be

displayed by moving the up/down control.10. Measuring modes

"AMBI" for ambient light, "CORD" for flashmeasurements using a sync cord, "NON.C" forflash measurements without using sync cord.

1 1. Multiple measurement indicator"MULTl" is displayed when single/multi switchis set to "MULTl" position for multiple measure-ments.

12. F-numbers/Aperture Value numbenMeasurements appear on display with 0.1 stopaccuracy. F-number ("FNo.") range is f/0.7 tof l9O +0.9 stop. Aperture Value ("ExlN")numbers range is -15.9 to 45.6.

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DIGITAL DISPLAYS

F-numbers ("FNo." settinglWhen the digital-

display ("FNo./ExlN")switch is set to "FNo.",the Flash Meter [V showsthe f-number setting indigital form. The smallnumber next to the f-number is a one-tenthstop display and indi-cates how much thef-number or shutterspeed should be changedfor correct exposure.

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Adjustments for tenth-stop indications

Tenth-stop Adjustmenr

o-2 Set f-number to full stop setting

3-7 Close aperture 1/2 stop. E.9., set aper-

ture haffway between tl8 and tl11if dispfay shows " f l8.B t".

8-9 Close aperture 1 stop. E.9., set apertureto f 111 if display shows "llfl.Bg".

Shuttsr SpeedThe shutter speed is indicated next to the 'TlME"

mark. The indication for 11125 sec. is displayed as

" i?s ". All other speeds are displayed in the usual

way.

Aperture Value Numberr ("ExlN" settingl

When the digital-display switch is set to"ExlN", apertur€ valuenumbers are displayed onthe data panel. Thesenumbers cgn be used todetermine the lightingratio of a scene or tocompare readings takenin ambient ("AMBl"lmode with readingstaken a flash ("CORD"or "NON.C"l mode.

The "ExlN" setting can also be used to displayExposure Value ("EV") numbers which are usOd todetermine the illuminance of an ambient light source(see page 41).

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11

ANALOG DISPLAYS

When the function switch is at "TlME" or "GV",either the f-number scale or the contrast scale can bedisplayed by setting the anafog-display switch to"FNo." or "CONTRAST" position. When the func-tion switch is set to "F N o." , the contrast scale is

displayed even if the anafog-display switch is set to"FN o.".

Contrast scale

The contrast scale has a range from -4 to +4 stops.Pointers indicate the differences in exposure betweenup to three readings. Readings are indicated with1 /4-stop accu racy f rom -3 to +3 stops, and w ith'll2-stop accuracy from -4 to -3 and +3 to +4 stops.

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ffh'*5.8,r"''When a single reeding has been stored in the

memory, a pointer appears above the "O" in thecenter of the display.Pointers appear above thecontrast sca le on ly when a read ing is stored in thememory.

When a shadow cal-cufation is made, a

pointer will appear abovethe small "S" mark "tr, I iEl

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In exposure.

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which indicates a 2.7 -stop decrease in exposure.

Likewise, highlightcafculations are shownby a pointer above thesmall "H" mark whichindicates a 2.3-stop increase

When us ing the ana-lyze function to takeread i ngs of m ixed f lashand am bient light, thepointers on the contrast scale indicate the relativeintensity of f lash and am bient light sou rces. Thepositions of the pointers will change as the f-number/shutter-speed combination is changed.

Please refer to pages 26 through 35 for moreinformation about the memory, shadow, highlight,and analyze functions.

12

F-number scale

The pointers above the f-number scale indicatef-number settings with 1|2-stop accuracy. The displayrange is f rom t 11 to f /90. lf the required f-number is

outside this range, the 't<" orand " (U " or " O" vvill blink.

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GUIDE VALUE DISPLAY

The Guide Value ("GV") number indicates howthe f lash power should be adjusted for correct expo-sure without changing the f-number setting.

Guide Value control in aperture-priority ("FNo.")mode:

To get correct ex-posure at f/5.6 and 1/60sec., "*1 GV" indicatesthat the flash power

Guide Value control in shutter-priority ("TlME")mode:

After taking the reading, move function switchfrom "TlME" to "GV". Move the up/down controlto change the "GV" number. This results in a corre-sponding change in the f-number setting.

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In this example, the upldown control was used tochange the f-number fromt15.6 to 5.6 + 0.6. The "GV"correspondingly changedfrom 0 to +1 . "+1 GV" indi-cates that the flash powermust be increased by onestop (dou bled) for correctexposu re at t 15.6 + 0.6stop.

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shou ld be increased by onedistance between the flash

creased by a factor of 1 11.4.

stop (dou b led ) or theand su bject ca n be de-

to 114 power) or theand subject can be

For correct exposu reat t15.6 and 1160 sec.,"-2 GV" indicates thatthe f lash power shou ldbe decreased two stopsdistance between thedou bled.

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lf you cannot changethe flash power or theflash-to-subject distance,adjust the f-number set-ting until the "GV" number is set to tT" (zero).Make the exposure at that f-number setting.

o In aperture-priority ("F No.") mode, the "GV"number is displayed in full stops. lf the measuredvalue falls between the f u ll-stop settings, thedifference (from 0.1 to 0.9 stop) will be indicatedby the small number next to the digital f-number.

Relationship between GV, flash power, and flash-to-subject distance.

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GV number -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8

F las h power 11256x 1 1128x 1164x 1132x 1 /16x 1l9x 1l4x 1l2x 1x 2x 4x 8x 16x 32x 64x 128x 256x

F lash-to-sub-ject distance 16x 11.3x 8x 5.7x 4x 2.Bx 2x 1.4x 1x 1 l1 .4x 1l2x 1l2.Bx 1 l4x 115.7x l l9x 1 111 .3x 1 l16x

13

AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-priority ("TIME "l ModeSingle Measurements

1. Srt switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."Normal/analyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."SINGLE"

2. S.t measuring modeto "AMB|".

3. S.t function switchto "TlME".

4. S"t shutter speed bymoving up/down control.o Any speed from 30

min. to 1/8000 sec.

can be set in full-stops.

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5. Prrs measuring but-ton to take a measure-ment.

In this example, theshutter speed was setto 1/30 sec. and therequired f-number wasf/l6 plus 0.2 stop.

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lf "FNo." and "@" or "O" blink, the brightnesslevel is outside the meter's display range. lf thishappens, change the shutter speed to obtain an

appropriate f-number/shutter-speed combination.

lf the shutter speed or film-speed setting is chang-ed after the measurement is taken, the f-numberwill change automatically to show the correct ex-posure at the new settings.


I

AMBI ENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-priority {"TlME"} ModeMultiple Measurements

1. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch. . . . ."FNo."Digital-display switch . "FNo."Normal/analyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."MULTI"

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2. S.t measuring modeto "AMBl".

3. Srt function switchto "T|ME".

4. Srt shutter speed bymoving up/down control.o Any speed from 30

min. to 1/8000 sec.can be set in full-stops.

5. Press measuring but-ton to take a measure-ment.

o The display shows thef-number required andthe number of mea-surements taken.

o In this example, 5measurements have

been taken and therequired f-number is

f/5.6 plus 0.3 stop.

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6. Each time the measuring button is pressed, an

additional measurement is taken and the meter recal-culates the cumulative exposure. The total number ofmeasurements and the f-number reguired are dis-played.

o Before taking a new series ofslide the single/multi switch. tocheck that data panel shows "

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15


Aperture-priority ("FNo.") ModeSingle Measurements

1. S.t switches on left side of meter to:Analog-display switch*. . . . "CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch. .. ."FNo."Normal/analyzeswitch . "NORM"Single/multi switch . "SINGLE"

* When the function switch is set to "FNo."below), the contrast scale is displayed evenanalog-display switch is set to "FNo.".

2. S.t measuring modeto "AMBI".

3. Sr, function switchto "FNo.".

4. Srt f-number by mov-ing up/down control.o Any f-number from

tl0.7 to f/90 can be

set in full-stops.

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16

5. Press measuring but-ton to take a measure-ment.

In this example, thef-number was set tof/l6 and the requiredshutter speed was

1/30 sec.

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ff "TlME" and ttUltt or "O" blink, the brightnesslevel is outside the meter's display range. lf thishappens, change the f-number to obtain an appro-priate f-num ber/shutter-speed com bination.


I


Aperture-priority ("FNo.") ModeMultiple Measurements

1. S.t switches on left side of meter to:Analogdisplay switch*. . . . "CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."Normal/analyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."MULTI"

* When the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 4below), the contrast scale is displayed even if theanalog-display switch is set to "FNo.".

2. S.t measuring modeto "AMBl".

3. s.t function switchto "TlME", then setshutter speed by movingup/down control.o Any speed from 30

min. to 1/8000 sec.can be set in fullstops.

4. S.t function switchto "FNo.", then setf-number by moving up/down control.o Any f-number from

t/0.7 to f/90 can be

set in full-stops.

5. Pr.r, measuring but-ton to take a measure-ment.

6. Tn. data panel willshow the number ofexposures required.o In this example, the

f-number was set to f/8;are required.

o Each time the measuring button is pressed,

new measurement is taken.

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17

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODE}

Shutter-prioriry (TIME ] ModeSingle Measurementl

1. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."NormaUanalyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."SINGLE"

tItfLJArJrtcoilrRAsr oFlFxo rrof{ o :'n roRrvlal a ANALYZE srNcLclq a g'REsEr

2. S.t measuring modeto "CORD".

3. Connect PC plug tometer's sync terminal.. The flash may fire

when the sync cord is

connected.

4. Srt function switchto "TlME".

18

5. S.t shutter speed bymoving uF/down control.

o Any shutter speed from 30can be set.

o Make sure shutter speed is

X-sync range.

6. Prrs the measuringbutton to trigger theflash.

In this example, therequired f-number is

f 15.6.

min. to 1/1000 sec.

set within camera's

r |rttaaLa !rtlt!...| I

#\ -5.8s*

Trigger voltage of some electronic flash unitsmay not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.lf so, use "NON.C" mode (see page 22).


FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODE}

Shutter-priority (TIME I ModeMultiple Mearurementt

1. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch. . . . ."FNo."Digital-displayswitch. . . . ."FNo."NormaUanalyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."MULTI"

2. srt measuring modeto "CORD".

3.Connr"t PC plug tometer's sync terminal.o The flash may fire


connected.

4. S"t function switchto'TlME".

5. Srt shutter speed bymoving up/down control.

Any shutter speedcan be set.Make sure shutterX-sync range.

from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec.

speed is set within camera's

6, Press the measuringbutton to trigger theflash.

o The required f'num-ber and the number oftimes the flash was

triggered will be dis'played.

7. Each time the measuring button is pressed andthe flash is triggered, the meter recalculates the cumu'lative exp(Nure.

In this example, theffash was triggered 4times and the requiredf-number is f/l6.

Before taking a newseries of measure-ments, slide the single/multi switch to"RESET" and checkthat display showsttl ttn.

u

I ra! aaa Ll lr||alraal

#\" E'[iB;

r.ratrt.rat fltrllla

ffit^,Es;I rattaaltalrfttaall

-ii.o ?- n oDF6Tfi' U *'

Trigger voltage of some electronic flash unitsmaY not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.lf so, use "NON.C" mode (see page 23).

19

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODEI

Aperture-prioriU (FNo.l ModeSingle Mearursments

1. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch*. . . . "CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch. . . . . "FNo."Normal/analyze switch "NORM"Single/multi switch .."SINGLE"

* When function switch is setthe contrast scale is displayeddisplay switch is set to "FNo.".

to "FNo." (step 5f,even if the analog-

2. Set measuring modeto "CORD".

3. Conn.ct PC plug tometer's sync terminal.o The flash may fire


connected.

4. Srt function switchto "TlME", then setshutter speed by movingup/down control.

Any speed from 30 min. to 111000 sec. can beset in full stops.Make sure shutter speed is set within camera'sX-sync range.

20

5. S.t function switchto "FNo.", then setf-number by moving up/down control.

o Any f-number fromfull-stops.

t/O.7 to f/90 can be set in

6. Press measuring but-ton to trigger the flash.

In this example, theGuide Value numberof "-1 GV" indicatesthat flash powershould be reduced by one half for correct expo-sure at 11125 sec. and f/4. Alternately, if you can-not change the flash power, the distance betweenthe flash and subject can be increased by a factorof 1.4X.Trigger voltage of some electronic flash unitsmay not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.lf so, use "NON.G" mode (see page 24).lf you select a shutter-aperture combination thatmight cause overexposure of the ambient light, theshutter speed is automatically shifted to a highersetting when the measurement is taken.

a.{r.a..l .O.t.l..t.a

#\,T1oo-


FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH

Aperture-priority (f ruo.) ModeMultiple Measurements

1 . Set switches on left side of meterAnalog-d isplay switch * .

Digital-display switch .

Norm al lanalyze switch . .

Single/m u lti switch

to:,,CONTRAST",,FN O.",,NORM",,MULTI"

O Ex lN NORM a O ANAI Y.i t SINGLI

rF When function switch is set

the contrast scale is dispfayeddisplay switch is set to "FN o.".

to "F No." (step 5),even if the anafog-

2. Set measuring modeto "CORD".

3. Connect PC plug tometer's sync term inal.o The f lash may f ire


con nected.

4. Set function switchto "T l M E ", then setshutter speed by movingu p/down control .

Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be setin full stops.Make sure shutter speed is set within camera'sX-sync range.

A SYNC CORD (CODE MODE)

5. Set function switchto "FNO.", then setf-number by moving upldown control.

o Any f-num berf u I l-stops.

f rom t lO.7 to t l9O can be set in

6. Press the measuringbutton to trigger thefl ash .

7. The number of timesthe f lash must be f iredwill be displayed.o In this example, the

f lash must be triggered 4 times f or correct expo-su re at 1 1125 sec. and t 116.

o Each time you press the measuring button, a newmeasurement will be taken.

o Trigger voltage of some electronic flash units maynot be sufficient when using "CORD" mode. lf so,

use "NON.C" mode (see page 25]. .

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2H. 3.4

'' 8,,1 \ | | Lf li uu.,,

'*

21

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON,C MODE)

Shutter-priority (TIME ) ModeSingle Measurements

1 . Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch.. ."FNO."Digital-d isplay switch .

No rm al I ana lyze switch . . ''N O R M "Singlelmulti switch "SING LE

ttZ. Set measuring modeto "NON.C".

3. Set f u nction switchto "T|ME".

4. Set shutter speed bymoving up/down control.

Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be setin full stops.Make su re shutter speed is set with in camera'sX-sync range.

22

5. Press measuring but-ton to activate flash-measurement circuit.

o "NON.C" will blinkon the data panel.

7. The required f-num-ber will be d isplayed.o In this example, the

shutter speed was set

to 1 1125 sec. and theplus 0.5 stop.

1 r.6 2 2.8 4 5.6 I 11 16 22 32 4564 90

F-"i-e il n

Fr{o r\ I /

- NoN.c''ofi? \ /tt\

6. Trigger the f lash unit manually to take a meas-

urement.

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I tt t8 2232 456490

-ffi'*fl.ilI"o-.required f number was f/8

o After taking measurement, "NON.C" continuesto blink for about 60 seconds to indicate that themeterlng circuit is still activated. lf "NON C

stops blinking bef ore you trigger the f lash, press

the measu ri ng button again .

o Each time you trigger the flash unit when"NON.C" is blinking, the meter will take a newmeasurement.


FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE}

Shutter-priority (TIME ) ModeMultiple Measurements

1 . Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch.. ."FNO."Digital-displayswitch.. ."FNO."Normallanalyzeswitch.. . "NORM"Single/mu lti switch . "M U LT | "

rt1. Set measuring modeto "NON.C".

3. Set function switchto "T|ME".

4. Set shutter speed bymoving up/down control.

<-

to 1/1000 sec. can be set

within camera's X-sync

Any speed from 30 min.in full-stop increments.Make sure speed is set

range.

32 45 64 90

5. Press measuring but-ton to activate flash-measu rement ci rcu it.


6. Trigger the flash uniturement.o The requ ired f -

number and numberof times the f lash was

triggered will be dis-played on the datapane | .

| 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I 11 16 22 32 4564 90

rrl,Er llO *rno' Jr/

- NON.C

''o fr\ \ -ri,i.t\

manually to take a meas-

o After taking a measurement, "NON.C" continuesto blink for about 60 seconds to indicate that themetering circuit is still activated. lf "NON.C"stops blinking before you trigger the flash, press

the measu ring button again.

7. Each time the f lash is triggered, the meter recal-culates the cumulative exposure. The total number offlashes and the required f-number will be displayed.

o In this example, theflash was triggered 4times to obtain an

f-number readout oft15.6 plus 0.5 stop.

of measu rements, sl ide" R ESET" and check

o Bef ore taking a new series

the single/multi switch tothatdisplayshows"I ".

Lr

1t.42 2.845.6 I n167232456490

r'rE il a t,'*%#1,l.Es::l;

I r.42 2A4 5.68 |

-* ilg.t'*E f"";flr J.E 5:"J;

23

FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE)

Aperture-priority (FNo.) ModeSingle Measurements

Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-display switch*. . "CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch. .."FNO."Norm allanalyze switch . . "NORM"Single/multi switch "SING LE"

I/l\_ n l-r n LJ ncoNIRASI 11o r-No rruofil O E^rN ruonvfel a aNALyzr srr.rcL{rl o MULr| aRrsEr

rr When the function switchbelow), the contrast scale

anafog-display switch is set

is set to "FNo." (step 4is displayed even if theto "FNo."

rtZ. Set measuring modeto "NON.C".

3. Set function switchto "T lM E ", and set shut-te r speed by mov in g

up/down control.

o Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be setin full stops.

o Make sure shutter speed is set within camera'sX-sync range.

4. Set function switchto "FNO.", then setf-number by moving up/down control.

o Any f-number fromfull-stops.

3d

24

t10.7 to tl90 can be set in

5, Press measuring but-ton to activate flash-measurement circuit.


6. Trigger the f lash unit manually to take a meas-urement.

7. The exposure readout will be displayed on thedata pane | .

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 .,2h. 3.4

;fl T''1.trili(

-4.-3s. -2 r .1 . 0 r I . 2n. 3.4

%

%s\;:*ut.tf ,-,"""'

f n th is example, " -2G V " ind icates th atflash power should be

red u ced to on e-

quarter to obtain correct exposure at t 14. Alter-nately, the distance between the f lash and su bjectcan be dou bled f or correct exposure withoutchanging the f-number or f lash power.After taking a measurement, "NON.C" continuesto blink for about 60 seconds to indicate that themetering circuit is still activated. lf "NON.C"stops blinking before you trigger the flash, press

the measu ring button again.Each time you trigger the f lash un it when"NON.C" is blinking, the meter will take a newmeasu rement.


FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE}

Aperture-priority (FNo.) ModeMultiple Measurements

1. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-display switch*. . "CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch.. ."FNO."Normallanalyze switch.. .."NORM"Single-multi switch . . "MULTI"

When the function switchbelow), the contrast scale

analog-display switch is set

is set to "FNo." (step 4is displayed even if theto " F No.".

2. Set measuring modeto NON.C.

3. Set function switchto "T I M E ", then setshutter speed by movingup/down control.

Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be setin full stops.Make sure shutter speed is set within camera'sX-sy nc range.

4. Set function switchto "FNO:', then set

f-number by moving upldown control.

o Any f-number fromf u I l-stops.

tlj.7 to f/90 can be set in

25

5. Press measuring but-ton to activate flash-measurement circuit.

o "NON.C" wifl blinkon the data panel.

-4.-3sr -2 o -t . 0 . t . ,2". 3.4

'- ,ato t* , 11.'"";F-1 rtrfr1.,1,:

6. Trigger the f lash unit manually to take a meas-

urement.

7. The number of times the f lash must be triggeredf or correct exposu re wil I be d isplayed.

In th is example, theflash must be trig-gered 7 times forcorrect exposure at11125 sec. and t116.After taking measurement, "NON.C" continues toblink for about 60 seconds to indicate tlrat themetering circu it is still activated. lf "NO N .C"stops blinking before you trigger the ffash, press

the measuring button again.Each time you trigger the flash unit when"NON.C" is blinking, the meter will take a newmeasu rement.

r 'f-xd7_ lF't thit H,:

TIXE

'so

itU

I

aE,LI

MEMORY FUNCTION

By using the memory f unction, you can store andcompare measurements of different areas of a sceneor of d ifferent light sou rces. Two measu rements canbe stored in the meter's memory and are indicated bypointers on the analog scale. The stored measure-ments can be recalled to the digital display by pres-

sing the On lRecdl button.To store measurements in the memory, the NORM/

ANALYZE switch must be set to "NORM".

How to store measurements:

1 . After taking a meas-urement, press the mem-ory ("M"1 button. Amemory indicator (blackdot) appears to the rightof the analog scale whena measu rement is storedin the memory.o When the contrast

scale is displayed, a

pointer will appearabove the t'0" posi-tion .

When the f -numberscale is displayed, a

pointer appears abovethe correspond ing t-number when themeasurement is taken.lf the measurement is

ing range, it cannot be

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I t1 t6 2232 45 64 90 .lflrEl r 1-, FN(..-t, Li rl fl1ff1 fl.il n

outside the meter's measur-stored in the memory.

2. To store a second measurement, press the memo-ry ("M" ) button a second time.

When the con trastscale is displayed, thepointer at the 'tO"position indicates thesecond measu rement.the relationship to the

When the f-numberscale is displayed, thepointers correspondto the requ ired f -

number settings.lf the f -number scaf e is d isplayed, changing thef ilm-speed or shutter-speed setting will also changethe positions of the pointers.Measurements remain stored in the memory whenthe measuring mode or light receptor is changedand when the single/multi switch is moved. Thislets you to store and compare f lash and am bient-light measurements. You can also compare inci-dent and reflected-light measurement.Measurements remain stored until the memory-clear ("M-C L R ") key is pressed or as long as

battery power lasts.

The other pointer ind icatessecond read ing.

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . t . 2H. 3.4a

trfa'*",y.tfi^."'

a

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2r. 3.4

ITIME; f- |-, FNc

;94 rN'

ifrf,,ou"'L-t -t \

ala

1 1.t 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22324564 90 .

Effa FN'

ilfio*'

@

26

Error DisplayA maximum of two

measu rements can be

stored in the memory. lfyou press the memorykey after two measu re-

ments have been stored,a farge letter 'tE" (error)will appear. The error(" E''l d isp lay can becleared in either of twoways:

Method 'l

Push the OnlRecallbutton. The 'tE" will be

replaced by the mostrecent measurement. Thef irst and second meas-

urements remain storedin the memory.

Meth od 2Press the measu ring

button. A new measure-ment will be d isplayedon the data pane | . Thef irst and second meas-

urements remain storedin the memory.

1 1.t Z 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 t6 2232 45et SO !

trfa'*llt^."'t

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 r1 16 22 32 4564 90

*fi ii FNo

r AMBI

tfiY \ E

1t.42 2.845.6 I lrGz2s245eogo i* fi ll '"' L, t? -.

o'"'

'- [/J I 1.U il

lf you press the memory-clear ("M-C L R ") key,both measurements will be cleared f rom thememory.

Changing the mode, such as f rom "T I M E " to"FNo.", will clear the memorized data.

11.42 2.845.68 s4go 3*60lf,nfSO f rln1


How to Recall MeasurementsOne measurement is stored:

The most recent meas-

urement is displayed be-

f ore pressing the On/ Re-

call button.

The stored measu re-

ment appears when theOnlRecall button is held

down.

lf only one measure-ment is memorized,0 (zero) or that mea-

su rement wi | | appear.

Memory indicator(dot) blinks.

Two measurements are stored:

The most recent meas-

urement is displayed be-

fore pressing the On/Re-ca | | button.

One stored measure-ment appears when theOn/Recall button is helddown.

Another stored mea-su rement appears whenthe On/Recall button is

held down a secondtime.

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2H. 3.4.

*r5fi FNo tr

-.ff, I ifr[i

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2H. 3.4.r.

-

-u'.r*F,ii '."rT.fl fi

^""',so tr ,J*__\

Llf \

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 | 0 . | . 2F. 3.4.a

trh'*,Jlr^'"'.4.-3s..2 . -,1 .0 . 1 . 2re 3r{rr

trh'*'ffff'^'"'-4.-3s. -i . -l . 0 . i . Zh. t.o)i

iTlHEl r- l-l Fl{(*bli rro lr -o*"'".#-1 iln

f f no measurements are stored, a large zero ("0")appears on the digital display when the On/Recallbutton is pressed.

The stored measurements can be displayed sequen-

tially by repeatedly pressing the On/Recall button.When the button is released, the most recentmeasurement will appear on the data panel.

How to Clear the MemoryTo clear the mem-

o(y , press the mem ory-clear ("M-CLR") key.When the key is pressed,

the memory ind icators(black dots) and thepointers correspondingto the stored measu re-

ments will disappear. Be-

fore pressing the memory-clear ("M-C LR ") key,the most recent mea-

surement is displayed onthe data panel.

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I tl 15 22 32 4564 90

lrtue; 1] l-l FNo AMBI

Lt Lf -t -t,-*, -1 Pln

1 l.b 2 2,8 4 5.6 I ll 16 22

27

RE F LECTED-L IGHT CALCU LATIONSReflected-light calculations must be made in

shutter-priority ("T lM E") mode. Aperture-priority("FNo.") mode cannot be used.

Measurements can be takenor " NON.C" mode.

The reflected-light attachment, Viewfinder 5o orV iewf inder 1 0o | | must be attached to the receptorhead when making ref lected-light calcu lations. lf youuse the Booster ll or Sinar Booster 1 for ref lected-light calcu lations, the spherical diffuser must be

attached to the receptor head to obtain the properexposure indications.

Highl ight CalculationsHighlight calculations should be used when the

most important areas in a scene are white or verylight tones. This method is especially usef ul whenshooting color-slide (color-reversal) f ilm, since itensures that suff icient high light detai I wil I be re-

ta ined .

1 . Press the memory-clearclear any previous readings.

2. Measure a very lightarea that contains somedetail (not a specularhishlisht).

3. Press the h igh light("H ") key. The readingwill be stored in thememory and the high-light exposu re wi | | be

calcu lated automatical ly.

("M-CLR") button to

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2Ho 3.4

fulE l- t-l FNr* i-l li ' ''|o

| ,- - AMBI

"tr, I iE, 1

S A H

-:- t

ill

28

The f-number setting required for proper exposureof the high light area will be indicated by thedigital f-number display. The " lll" mark indicatesthat the highlight calculation is displayed.

When the contrastscale is d isplayed, thepointer appears abovethe sm al I lette r "H"to indicate that the exposure has been increased2.3 stops.

When the f -numberscale is dispfayed, theleft pointer indicatesthe h igh light ca lcu la-

tion, and the right pointer ind icates the measu redarea.Before pressing the h igh light ' 'H" key, Vou canstore two measurements in the memory. Thehighlight calculation will be based on the highermeasu rement.Once the h igh light ("H"1 key is pressed, the h igh-light calculation cannot be stored in the memory.f f only one measurement is memo rized, highlightcalculation is based on this measurements.

n ,P-t -. ou"'

,:I,LI Li

o

;*fiilISO f rt

L-l -f

162232456490.

n h -. o""'

n.Ll Li

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I 11

-

JUg t- f, FHo

ft t-lfSO f tt

tt1


Shadow CalculationsShadows calcu lations shou ld be made when a large

or very important area consists of darker tones. Thismethod is especially useful when shooting color-slidef ilm, since it ensu res that the shadow areas willreceive suff icient exposure.

1. Press the memory-clearclear any previous readings.

(M-C L R ") button to

2. Measure a dark areathat contains some detail(not a solid black tone).

.4.-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2a. 3.4

##a '"'l.lJ J

^."'

6rt. Press the shadow("S") key. The read ingwill be stored in thememory and the shadowexposure will be calcu-lated automatically.

The f-number setting required for proper exposureof the shadow area will be indicated by the digitalf-number display. The " E" mark indicates that a

shadow calculation is displayed.

When the contrastscale is displayed, thepointer appears abovethe small letter "S" toindicate that the exposure has been decreased

2.7 stops.

When the f-numberscale is displayed, theright pointer indicatesthe shadow calcu la-

tion, and the leftpointer indicates the measured area.

Before pressing the shadow "S" key, you can storetwo measurements in the memory. The shadowcalculation will be based on the lower measure-ment.Once the shadow ("S") key is pressed, the shadowcalculation cannot be stored in the memory.

lf only one measurement is memorized, shadowcalculation is based on this measurements.

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . 'l . 2H. 3.4.

*f, il 'no ru ,- - AMBI

"".-- -7.n 'ii

Lt | \

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.5 8 11 16 2232 456t 90

S*h'"'5".fifi o'"'

29

Averaged CalculationsWhen the scene has a wide variety of brightness,

you can make an averaged calcu lation to determ ine

the best exposure. Using this method, the exposure is

calculated by averaging two measurements, such as a

highlight and a shadow measurement.

1 . Measu re the I ightestarea that you want toretain some detail (nota specu lar high light),then press the memory("M") button

2. Measure the darkestarea that you want toretain some detail (nota solid black tone), thenpress the memory ("M")button.

4t\t. Press the averagi ng("A") key to calcu late an

average exposu re.

-4.-3s. -2 . -l | 0

JU!- r' r-, FN"

fl t-l f- f-""-*,_l 7.n'E,

Lf f \

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2r. 3.4 !m

n1 \

11.42 2.84s.68 n16223245eAgO 3

5*h -",-f.hio*"'

When the averaging keyappears above the digital

When the contrastscale is displayed, twopointers will aPPear at

equal distances fromthe center t'0" posi-

tion .

When the f-num berscale is displayed, thehighlight measure-ment is indicated bythe right pointer, the averaged exposure by thecenter pointer, and the shadow measurement bythe left pointer.To make an averaged calculation, two measure-

ments must be stored in the memory.

is pressed, the "E!.t' markf-number setting.

3.lr ra

AMBI

. 0 . I . Znc

t"" Eun?1.Ll 1

-4r-3s . -2

............:-*fit'to ti tl

30

How to clear calculated measurementso To clear a highlight,

shadow, or average

calcu lation, press theOnlRecall button orthe memory-clear ("M-CLR") key. When theOnlRecall button is

pressed, the most re-

-JIRECALT

fqt-t

-

t

cent measu rement appear and the stored meas-

urements will be retained. When the memory-clear("M-CLR") key is pressed, the most recent meas-

urement appear and the stored measurements willbe cleared f rom the memory.


Checking Other Areas of the Scene

After making a highlight, shadow, or averagedcalculation, you can check how other areas of thescene will be reproduced. For example, after makinga highlight calcufation, you can take measurements ofshadow and midtone areas to see how these will bereproduced on the f ilm.

When the "H", "S", or 'tA" key is pressed, thecafculated exposure is fixed on the digital dispfay.Additional measurements will be ind icated on thecontrast scale. The following example shows how tocheck other areas of a scene after making a highlightcalculation.

Use of the optional Viewfinder 5o or Viewfinder10o ll is recommended.

Il. A highlight calcula-tion is displayed afterpressing the highlight ,H"key.

2. Press the measuringbutton to take a measure-ment of anothe r areafrom the scene.o The measu rement is

indicated by secondpointer on the con-trast scale, while thehighlight calculationremains on the digitaldisplay. -4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2A. 3.4

.TIME ll n 'n. LI AMBI-#\ fl.fl n

<-

Measured area

The examples below show how the different areasof the scene will be reproduced if the exposure ismade at the highlight calculation.

a. Will be reproduced as

a specular highlightwith no detail.

b. Will be reproduced as

a midtone value.

c. Will be reproduced as

a shadow tone withsome detail.

Measured area_______1

-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 o I . 2hr 9.4.

JIUE , -, *

+9, fl.fir^.''

Measured area

.4.-3s. -2 . -1 . O . .l . 2^. 3.t .

tfiT-\ f.n1

31

Changing the Highlight and Shadow ValuesThe Flash Meter IV is programmed to increase the

exposure by 2.3 stops when the high light key ispressed, and to decrease the exposure by 2.7 stopswhen the shadow key is pressed. These values pro-duce correct exposure for highlights and shadowswhen using most color-slide (color-reversal) f ilms.However, when using some films, particufarly bfack-and-white negative f ilms, you may want to change thehighlight and shadow vafues to provide more or lessexposu re.

After you have changed either the highlight orshadow vaf ue, the new value will be used f or allfurther caf cu lations until you reset the original valuesor remove the battery.

Changing the Highlight ValueTo increase the highlight value:

Hold down the "H" key and move the up/downcontrol upward.To decrease the highlight value:

Hold down the "H" key and move the up/downcontrol downward.

Each time the up/down control is moved, thedigital number will change by 0.1 of a stop. Thenumber changes continuously if you keep pressingthe up/down control.The highlight pointer moves to the right as thevalue is increased and to the left as it is decreased.

,4.-3s. -2 . -1 . O . 1 . 2x. 3.4

-'J]!E f n FNo

-l,lt tF aMEl

"'.--_l in JLil \-4.-3s. -2 . -l . O . 1 . Zl.

fir-r f r"'€t_*l. 7.n flL'I \

0 . 1 . 28. 3.4a

'{o -

E- AMBI

/

Measu rement

IV

taken

''H" key pressed

Standard highlight+2.3 stops

N ew va I ue : +2.5 stopsQ/10 stop more thanstandard highlight value)

-4.-3s. -2 . -.1 . O ' 1 . 2x. 3.4o

trh'"'8,.f/ r, ^""'

New va lue : +2.0 stops(31 1O stop less thanstandard highlight value)

value:

FMEI

,sa E,.fl r'^""'frr[,

nL'

,lI

32

Changing the Shadow VatueTo increase the shadow value:

Hold down the "S" key and move the up/downcontrol upward.To decrease the shadow value:

Hold down the "S" key and move the up/downcontrol downward.

o Each time the up/down control is moved, thedigital num ber will change by 0.1 of a stop. Thenumber changes continuousfy if you keep pressingthe up/down control.

o The shadow pointer moves to the right as the valueis decreased and to the left as the vafue is increase.

0*fi[il.fi tISO f rt

Et -t

/

-4.-3s. -2 . -t . O . .l . 28.

Jrud; I FNo EEtt-t f f

""---, -\ l.n :lt-? -t \

Measurement

I

"S" key pressed \Standard shadow value :

-2.7 stops

taken

New value: -3.0 stops(3110 stop f ess than stand-ard shadow value)

.4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . | . Zs. 3.u

*fi il '*" ,? r, aMB,

""1r \ \.[l n

New value: -2.5 stops(2/10 stop more thanstandard shadow vaf ue )

To cancel the adiusted setting:Hold down the appropriate key ("H" or,'S"), and

move the up/down control downward until thepointer on the contrast scale returns to "0" position.o Adjusted values remain set until battery is re-

moved.

fir

_4..3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . 1

-

JlMg E f, FNo ELlLl r

'-.'"'// I '7.


EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT

After taking an incident-light measurement, youmay want to adjust the meter's indicated exposure tocompensate for f ilter factors, bellows-extensionfactors, etc. Listed below are some typical situationswhere exposure adjustment shou ld be used.o Scenes with mostly lighter tones: Decrease expo-

sure by 0.3 to 1.0 stop.o Scenes with mostly darker tones: Increase expo-

sure by 0.3 to 0.5 stop.o Filter factors: Polarizing filters require a 2-stop

increase in exposu re, f or example.o Bellows-extensions f actors: When the magnif ica-

tion is 1 12 life-size, a 1-stop increase in exposure is

require, for example.o When using the Minolta Booster, Booster II, or

Sinar Booster 'l f or highlight or shadow readings.(See note in the next column.)

To set the exposure-adjustment value:

To decrease exposure:Hold down the "Ht'

key and move the upldown control upwarduntil the desired changeis indicated.

o The exposure increase can be set from 0 to +4.0stops in tenth-stop increments.

o The pointer on the contrast scale moves to theright as the exposure is increased.

To increase ex posu re :

Hold down the "S"key and move the up/down control upwarduntil the desired changeis ind icated.

The exposure decrease can be set from 0 to -4.0stops in tenth-stop increments.The pointer on the contrast scale moves to the leftas the exposure is decreased.

-\\\*"-

.=;-rr==l-

-

SAO ri-r r-l1-

To use the exposure-adjustment setting:Bef ore ta k i ng a meas-

u rement, press the mem-ory-clear button to clearany previous readingsfrom the memory. Thentake an incident-lightreading in the usual way,and press the "H" key tocalculate an exposure in-crease , or press the "S"key to calculate an expo-su re decrease. I n theexam p le, the exposu rewas increased 2 stops tocompensate for a polariz-ing filter.

-4o-3s.-2 . -1 .0 . | . 2i. 3r4

',nMEt r n FN(

LfLf '

I r AME'

* r/-n iE l

To cancel an exposure-adjustment setting:Hold down the appropriate key ("H " or "S"), and

move the up/down control downward until thepointer on the contrast scale returns to 'tO" position.o Exposure-adjustment values remain set until the

battery is removed.

NOTEWhen using the Minolta Booster, Booster II, or

Sinar Booster 1 , the spherical diffuser must be attach-ed to the receptor head. To make highlight or shadowcalculations with the Minolta Booster, Booster II,or Sinar Booster 1, we recommend that the highlightva lue be set to the ' 'H' ' mark (+2.3 stops ) and theshadow value to the "S" mark l-2,1 stops) on thecontrast scale.

SA

r1 tTl

*f i,rSO f ,tni

'""

fl.fr, ^""'

33

MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENTAnalyze Function

The Flash Meter IV features a special "analyze"function which indicates the contribution to exposuremade by flash light sources and ambient light sourcessuch as daylight or tungsten light. The meter takesf lash and ambient light measu rements at the same

time, then stores the measu rements separately. Thetotal exposure is shown on the digital display, whilepointers on the contrast scale indicate the totalexposure, f lash contribution, and ambient-lightcon tr ibut ion .

By changing the shutter speed, f-number, o( flashpower, you make either light source dominant. Forexample, if the scene is lit by flash and tungsten lightand you are using daylight-balanced color film, thescene wif l appear redd ish when the tu ngsten light is

dominant and normal when the f lash is dominant.As you change the exposure settings, the pointers

on the contrast sca le will ind icate wh ich light sou rceis dominant. For example, setting a slower shutterspeed will increase the amount ambient-light expo-sure. Or if you increase the f lash power, the f lash ex-posure will be more dominant.

L IGHT

Adjusting the settingsThe amount of ambient light can be controlled by

changing the shutter speed or the f-number. Theamount of flash light can be controlled by changingthe flash power, the distance between the flash andsubject, or the f-number. After changing any settings,take another measurement to determine the correctex posu re.

o In th is photo, a slowsh u tte r speed wasused so that the am-bient light becamedominant. The point-ers indicate that theam bient I ight wasabout 2-1 /4 stopsbrighter than the flash. .0...ilj., . .r .tl . r . 2.. s.,.lii

IUg -, s FNo

L- t t coRo,*,;;l i i fiIUU

In th is photo, theflash and ambientlight provided aboutthe same amount oflight. The pointers ap-pear next to eachother when flash andam bient light sou rcesare about equa l. 1!j.t.-3r. -2 o -t .

1]!E -t Fxo

f'so i0o

In th is photo, thef lash power was in-creased to ma ke thef lash lighting dom i-nant. The pointers in-dicate that the flashwas about 2-314 stopsbrighter than the am-bient light.

- I -,1:l 'iii.-{o-tso -l o -t '.' 0 . 1 . 2x o 3o4'?'i'

mm Eil ,

'".

|.fl ilcoRD1tna:

b:

c:

Total exposure of f lash and ambient lightFlash light (blinking pointer)Am bient light

To use "Anal yze" F u nction :

1. Set switches on left side of meter to"CONTRAST", "FN o." , "ANALYZE" , and,,SING LE ".

2. Set f lash mode to either "CORD" or "NON .C"

o For the following examples, shutter-priority("TlME") mode was used, but aperture-priority("FNo.") mode can also be used.

3. Take a measurement.

@E A Fr&

L, 'r r coRo

"", ,, ir Cl. ItJ.E i

34 www.orphancameras.com

To make the ambient lightDecrease the shutter speed:

Set the functionswitch to "T lM E ", andmove the u p/down con-trol downward to set a

slower sh utter speed .

o The pointer f or am-

bient light will movecloser to the t tO' '

position on the con-trast sca le as the am -

bient light becomes

dom i nant.

dom inant:

Decrease the amount of f lash illumination:Set the function

switch to "Gv " , andmove the u p/down con-trol downward to set

a negative "GV" number.o The pointe r f or am-

bient light will movecloser to the t'O''

position on the con-trast scale as the am-

bient light becomesdom i nant.

o fn this example, "-2GV" indicates thatf lash power should be

decreased by twostops. lf th is is notpossible, dou ble thed istance between thef lash and su bject.

-4o-3s. -2 . -l . 0 . I . 2x. 3.4zlr

[!tt4-9 f |-, FNo.

Ettt f f". -_-_, -t J. f, -:'

Nor'. c

LI '

\

t.4.-3s. -tli -t ! I . r . ,,. ,.rii{

lrtl'tel I f FNo.

*=f_1 PJ.';i.rr"o^rcLf l \

i-4.-3s . -e't'. U . 0 . | . 2a. 'At(3.4'

#fat*t'l.ll J^,""'

/a[. 2H. 3.4

ri't -l ruori.cLl -l

.l

ro,

-f,

FNo.

@+rtrLl

-4.-3s . -2

'':'fi llrso t: ULlt

To make the f lash light dominant:Increase the shutter speed:

Set the functionswitch to "T lM E ", andmove the up/down con-trol upward to set a

faster shutter speed.o The pointer for flash

light will move closerto the "0" position onthe contrast scale as

the f lash light be-

comes dominant.o Make sure that the

shutter speed you set

is within the camera'sX-sync range.

-{.-3s. -2 ! -t'l 3 . r . 2". 3.it\'J]',E f fl FNo

firt f f".;;---t 7.n -lt

ruorr c

t]t -t \

i-4.-3s. -2 . -l d b . 1 . 2x. 3.4'rt

iTlMEj -, r- FNo.

-(iA tt Ft

""fr 1.U g]xorcLll \

Increase amount of f lash

Set the functionswitch to "Gv " , andmove u p/down controlupward to set a positive"GV" number.o The blinking pointer

will move closer tothe t'0" position onthe contrast scale as

the f lash light be-comes dominant.

light:

In th is example , "*2G V " in d icates th atflash power should be

increased by twostops or distance between the flash and subiectshould be decreased by one-half .

. z*. 3.i'4{

ri-t lt NoH cLf -l

Ool

t* ro -1.''"fifi

+rtLIrso E. ULll

t. r . 2,. 3.7F'

aaaa

fi i j rltHoH.c,J.LI LI

0

;@

a

'lr

.-l

+''" fi fl

-4.-3s . -2

fSO f ,tEt't

35

FILL.IN FLASH

Often when taking pictures in direct sunlight, theshadows on the subject appear too dark. One way tolighten these shadows is to fire an electronic flashunit to "fill-in" (lighten) the shadow. Another namefor fill-in flash is "synchro-sun" flash.

The Flash Meter IV's memory function lets youstore and compare separate measurements of ambientlight (using "AMB l" mode) and f lash light (using

"CORD" or "NON.C" mode). Then by pressing theOn/Recall key, you can compare the measurements,and adjust the f lash.

Usually only a small amount of flash light is

needed to fill in the shadows. A good starting point is

to use about two stops less flash light than theam bient light. With experience, you can vary theamount of fill-in flash according to your needs.

The following steps explain how to make fill-flashmeasurements using incident-l ight readings, butreflected-light readings can also be taken.

To make fill-in flash measurements:

1 . With the sphericaldiffuser attached, take an

incident-l ight reading in"AM B l" mode to deter-mine the shutter-speed/f-nu m ber requ ired f orcorrect exposu re of theam bient light.o "TlM E" mode shou ld

the shutter speed withbe used so that youthe camera's X-sync

can setra nge .

2. Press the memory("M ") key to store theread ing.

-4.-3.. -2 . .l . 0 . I . 2-. a.o.

Ttt{E 1- fl FNo= f-r Li '" n f, -

o*"'

"-.r--h fl.iln

36

3. With the meter setto "CORD" or " NON.C"flash mode, take a mea-

su rement of the f lash

light (wh ile holding themeter near you r su b-ject).

o For this example, therequired f-number foram bient light was f 18,

so the f lash was adjust-ed to produce a reading

dlt+\

ilHl <-

o Use the same shutter-speed setting that you used

for the ambient-light measurement.

4. Adjust the flash's power level or change thedistance between the flash and subject so that thef-number for the flash light is about two stops less

than the am bient light. Take another f lash measu re-ment to conf irm the change.o To compare the measurements, the ambient-light

measurement can be displayed by pressing theOn/Recall key. The flash measurement reappearswhen you release the key.

| 1.4 2 28 4 5.6 8 il 16 2232 4564 90

TtMe', F l-t FNa*E[I FNO

u,.fr il

CORD

lso f: uL'I

of f /4.

Ambient light with fill-in flashAmbient light only


Compa ring I ncident- and R ef lected- L ight Measu re-ments

Memorized measu rements are stored in the mem-ory even if you change the light receptor. Aftertaking an incident-light measurement, you canattach the reflected-light attachment (or Viewfinder5o, Viewf inder 1 0" II) and check the exposure forhighlight and shadow areas.

For this explanation, ambient-light mode wasused, but both f lash modes can also be used.

1, Press the memory-clear button to clear anyprevious readings.

2. Take an incident-light measurement andpress the memory ("M")key to store the measure-ment.

3. Detach the spherica I

reflected-light attachment,finder 10" II.

4. Press the averaging("A") key. The " a"mark will appear abovethe digital f-number dis-play.

5. Press the measuringbu tton to ta ke m ea su re-ments of other areas.

The incident-light measu

the digital display, whilesca le wi ll ind icate the oth

[*;-' Liti,!r I

-4o-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2". 3.4

Irtg l: ,-, FNo aMBlLtLt n n .-.,*;,n il.Li dL"\

H

fTl

3

diffuser and attach theViewfinder 5o , or View-

-4.-3s. -2 . -'l . 0 . I . 2^. 3.4

r@r,-, *tlt ti ' ^r, AMal

'*,:,J -\ Lln-l

rement will be shown onpointers on the contrast

er measurements.

Measured area ----1-4.-3s. '2 . -l

iTlMEl ,- ,.,firt ffISO t- rttt'r

Measu red area will be

reproduced as a highlighttone.

1,- Measu red area

Measu red area wi | | be

reproduced as a blacktone with no detail.

Measured area

.4.-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2^. 3.4a

ftUe r; ff FNo tr AMBI

"" ,ff--t, P,.iJ n

Measu red area wi | | be

reproduced as a shadowtone with some detail

0

"'fli7r,a

AMBISnrd 1- ;-1

L-I LI

"",r- tEt -r

37

MEASUREMENTS FOR MOVIE CAIVIERAS

1, Set switches on left side of meter to:

Analog-display switch. . . "F No."Digital-displayswitch. .."FNo."Normallanalyze switch.. . "NORM"Singlelmulti switch "SING LE"

2. Set measuring modeto "AMB 1".

3. Set function switchto "T|ME".

4. Set frame rate(frames per second) bymoving the up/down con-trol.

Frame rates appear after 1/8000 sec. in shutter-speed d isplay.The f ollowing f rame rates can be set: 8, 12, 16,18, 24,32, and 64 f rames per second.

AH

= l-l

38

Shutter-sector open ingShutter-sector opening is 180" for all frame rates.

ff you use a movie camera that has a shutter-sectoropening other than 1 80", the f ilm speed shou ld be

adjusted according to the table below.

Sh utte r-sectoropen i ng

Adjustment tofi lm speed

1 60"

220"-1 13

+1 13

-1 13: Decrease ISO setting by 1/3 stop(e.9., for ISO 100 film, set ISO 80).

+1 13: Increase ISO setting by 1/3 stop(e.g ., f or ISO 100 film, set ISO 120l- .

5. Press the measu ringbutton to take a measure-ment. The requ iredf-number will be display-ed on the data panel.

o In this example, thef rame rate was set to24 frames per secondand the requ ired t-number was f 14 plus 0.1

l.t 2LO 4 5.68 ll162,232456490

"#o\'*y.0 ro*"'

stop.

<E

C*#

E]


LIGHTING RATIO CALCULATIONS

The meter's memory function lets you check thelighting ratio (relative brightness) of various lightsources. By controlling the lighting ratio, you canvary the amount of shadow detail in a photograph.For example, lighting ratios f rom 2:1 through 4:1produce lighter shadows which are desirable in colorportraits. Whereas lighting ratios of 6: 1 and higherproduce much deeper shadows and are often used

in dramatic black-and-white portraits.

1. Attach the optionalflat diffuser.

trZ. Set switches on leftTRAST", "ExlN", "NORM

3. Set the measuringmode to "AM B l""CORD", or " NON.C".

4. Set the functionswitch to "T lM E ".

side of meter to "CON", and "SINGLE".

' Ji ry#t#

REuAr-u ErA l-HlilVryI

-o Any shutter speed can be used. In average illumina-

tion, a speed around 1160 sec. should produceacceptable resu lts. Use a f aster speed in very brightlight, and a slower speed in low light.

o Shield the diffuser from other light sources withyour hand to their light from striking the flatdiffuser and affecting the reading.

5. Hold the meter nextto the subject so that thediffuser's surface is per-pendicu lar to the mainlight sou rce, then press

the measuring button totake a reading.

6. Press the memorybutton to store the read-i ng.

7. Repeat steps 5 and 6to ta ke a read ing of theother light sou rce.

tta-4.-34. -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 2". 3.U.

rtuL/' n a, AMBILtLt | _.

'r" r,r l.iLl I '' ExlN.

[ , rlv ],,.,,1 ii ll I

pRECALL

f**I cvI rsoI FNo.

I

<r

<b

o The pointers on the contrast scale will indicate thedifference in illumination with quarter-stopaccu racy.

llt-4.-3s. -2 . -'l . 0 . ,l . 2^. 3.4 .

JtlA' E nLf L, r AMBI

,-;;-\ 7.';lLl I \ ErlN.

39

o When the f-numberscale is displayed, thepointers show the dif-ference in illumina-

o To check the lightingratio to 1/1O-stop ac-curacy, hold down theon/reca ll switch. Thef irst read ing wil I bedisplayed on the datapanel. When you re-f ease the on lrecall but-

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 2232 4566 90 .* fi ii ,:. ,,

o'"'

"" ../n ExrN -l.Lition with half-stop accuracy.

EUL'' i.5

ton, the second reading is displayed again. Sub-tract the smaller "Ex I N " number f rom the larger"Exf N" number to determine the difference instops between to the twq read i ngs. R ef e r to thetable to f ind the approximate lighting ratio.

Stops difference Approx. lighting ratio

0.6 1.5:1

1.0 2:1

1.6 3:1

2.O 4:1

2.6 6:1

3.0 8:1

4.O 16:1

5.0 32:1

40

GUIDE NUMBER CALCULATIONS

The Flash Meter IV can be used to determine theguide number for flash bulbs or electronic flash.

1. Attach the optionaf flat diffuser.

2. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch.. ."FNo."Digital-display switch. "ExlN"Normallanalyze switch.. .."NORM"Single/mu lti switch "S lN G LE "

3. Set measuring mode to "CORD" or "NON.C"mode.o "CO R D" mode must be used to make gu ide

number calculations for flash bulbs. Either modecan be used f or electronic f lash.

4. Set function switch to "lSO", then set f ilm speed

to ISO 100.

5. Set function switch to "TlME".

6, Set the meter's shutter speed within yourcamera's x-sync range.

7 . Position the f lash meter at a f ixed d istance, suchas 1 meter (3.3 feet) from the flash unit and aim thediffuser directfy at the flash unit.

8. Take a f lash reading in the usual way.

9. Use the displayed "Ex I N " number in the f ormu la

below to determine the guide number.

ExlNG.N. = 1.14 x d x 2 2

Where d = Flash-to-merer distance

ExampleWith a display reading of "ExlN 10.0" at ISO 100

and a f lash-to-meter d istance of 1 meter, work theequation as follows:

G.N. = 1.14 x-- 1.14 x= 1.14 x= 36.5 in

10

*Z'x2sx32

meters at ISO 100 (aPProx.)


I L LUM INANCE CA LCU LATIONS

To measure the illum inance of an ambient light(non-f lash ) source :

1 . Attach the optional flat diffuser.

2. Set switches on left side of meter to:Analog-displayswitch.. .. ."CONTRAST"Digital-displayswitch. .."ExlN"Norm al lanalyze switch . . . "NO R M"Single/mu lti switch . "S I N G LE "

3, Set measuring mode to "AM Bl".

4- Set function switch to "lSO", then set thefilm speed to ISO 100.

5. Set function switch to "TlME" and shutter speedto 1 sec. or any of the C lN E settings.

6. Position the meter so that the flat diffuser is

parallel with and as close as possible to the subjectbe ing i I lu m i nated , then press the measu ring button tota ke a read i ng.

7. Use the "ExlN" number in the formula below.

fux=2.5x2ExrN

Lux

100,000

10,000

1,000

14 16

lExlN.l

ExampleWith a display reading of "Ex lN 10.0" work the

equation as follows:

fux- 2.sxrExlN-2.5x2lo'o= 2.5 x 1024= approx. 2600

100

10

1

1210

NOTEo F or precise measu rement of

the Minolta llluminance Meteril lum inance, use

is recommended.of

Exposure Value NumbersTo determine the Exposure value for ambient light

measurement, set the meter to "AMB|" and "TlME"modes, then set the shutter speed to either 1 sec. orany "ClN E" setting. Any ISO f ilm-speed setting can

be used. The "Exl N" number that will appear aftertaking a measurement is the Exposure Value ("EV")at that ISO setting.

4'.1

IN FRARED R EIVIOTE COIVTROL

The F lash Meter IV has a built-in inf rared ( | R )transmitter that permits remote control via the op-tional Data Receiver D R- 1 000 or I R Receiver-Trigger.

Designed exclusively f or use with M inolta(Maxxum) 7000 and 9000 AF SLR cameras, the DataReceiver D R- 1 000 f ets you to trigger a f lash unit, setthe camera's f-number and shutter speed, and release

the shutter-all by remote control.The I R Rece iver-Trigger can be used with any

camera and any electronic flash unit and permitsremote triggering of the f lash un it when takingflash readings.

A 6-volt alka line or6.2-volt silver-oxide bat-tery must be installedin battery chamber B onthe Flash Meter IV to use

the lR Receiver-Triggeror Data Receiver D R-1 000.

lR Receiver-Trigger or Data Receiver DR-1000Remote triggering of a flashunit:

I| . Set measuring modeto "NON.C".

trZ. Press the measuringbutton once to activatethe meter's circu it.o "NON.C" will blink

on the data panel.

drq-Hill Hl

<b

1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 2232 b564 90

.ore i( a

Ft{o r\ | z

"'[/, I 7)"ii

AH:J l*1

42

3. Point the lR trans,mitter window on themeter at the Data Recei-ver D R-1000 (or lRReceiver-Trigger) andpress the measuring but-ton to trigger the flashun it.

o The f lash will f ire andthe exposure readingwill appear on themeter's data panel.

d /t{__JF

ill Hl

_

))))))))))

Camera

ffiu

DR-1000 or lRReceiver-Trigger

45 64 90

\\f/t- NoN.s / l\

5.6 I 11 16 22 32

Ft'lo.

E'ftEI.LI

11.422.8t:-_u*; i( n''o fiY


Data Receiver DR-1000(For Minolta (Maxxuml 7000 and 9000 AF SLR

Transfer of exposure settings:

1. Aim the lR transmitterthe Data Receiver D R-1 000.

2. Press the data-trans-mission ("DATA OUT")button.

o The shutter speed and

f-number settings dis-played on the meterwill be transf erred tothe camera.

Transf er of exposu re

shutte r release:

window on the meter at

settings with simultaneous

window on the meter at1. Aimthe D ata

2. Press

release

button.

the lR transmitterReceiver D R-1000.

the shutter-("RELEASE")

o The shutter speed and f-number settings displayedon the meter will be transferred to the camera,

then the shutter will be released.

The following data can be transmitted:Shutter speeds: 1|4OOO sec. to 30 sec. using Minolta

(Maxxum) 9000. 1|2OOO sec. to 30

sec. using Minolta (Maxxum) 7000.

F-numbers: Any available f-number f rom the

range available on the AF lens in use.

For example, f rom t,'l .4 to f 122 withthe AF 85mm lens

o lf the transferred data is outside the camera's

shutter-speed or f-number range, the closest

available setting is used. For example, 1/4000 sec.

will be set if the shutter speed displayed on the

meter's data panel is 1/8000 sec.

RELEASE

CALIBRATION

The Flash Meter IV has been precisely calibrated

to Minolta's standard during manufacture. No furtheradjustment of the meter is usually required foroptimum results. However, should you wish tocalibrate the Flash Meter IV to match the reading

from another meter, the Flash Meter IV can be

adjusted -0.8 to +0.7 EV f rom the standard setting.To adiust the meter, use a small screwdriver to

turn the measuring-level adjustment screw which is

located under the battery cover. Turning the screw

clockwise produces a higher reading; turning counter-

clockwise produces a lower reading.The marks

around the screw represent 0.2 EV steps as shown by

the diagram.

NOTEo The Flash Meter IV should be adjusted only after

determ in ing that the standard setting wi ll notproduce the desired resu lts.

- 0. 1 stop 0 *0.lstop*0.2stop

*0.3stop

*0.4stop

*0.5stop

-0.2stop

- 0.3stop

- 0.4stop

-0.5stop

-0.6stop-0.7stop -0.Bstop *0.7stop

*0.6stop

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ACCESSORIES

lR Receiver-TriggerThe lR Receiver-Trigger lets you trigger a f lashunit by remote control. This unit connects to theflash unit's sync terminal and receives infrared signalsfrom the Flash Meter fV. lt can be used with anyelectronic flash unit.

Data Receiver DR-l000The Data Receiver DR-l000 mounts on the camera'saccessory shoe and receives infrared signals from theFlash Meter [V. The DR-l000 enables wireless remotecontrol of Minolta (Maxxum) 7000 and 9000 cameras.With the DR-1000, you can use the Flash Meter IV totrigger a flash unit, set the shutter speed and f-num-ber, and release the shutter.

Booster IIThe Boostsr II is a highly sensitive receptor for takingreflected-light measurements (of flash or ambientlight) of very small areas of a scene. Readings can be

taken off a camera's groundglass screen, through a

viewfinder or a microscope optic, or at the f ilm plane.' The Booster II can also be used for ordinary re-

f lected-light measurements, and has an angle of ac-ceptance of approx. 60".Note: Whenever the Booster II is used, the sphericaldiffuser must be attached to the meter's receptorhead to produce correct readings.

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Sinar Booster 1

The Sinar Booster 1 enables you to take measure-ments at the f ilm plane of any large-format viewcamera. The unit's probe slips into the camera back.ff has a rectangular 2.5 x 3mm window that marksthe target field which can be positioned anywhereat the film plane. Flash or ambient light measure-ments can be taken through the lens at any aperturesetting. This eliminates the need to compensate forbellows extension factors. Contact your nearest Sinardealer for further information.

Viewfinder 5"The Viewfinder 5o attaches to the meter's receptorhead for taking spot measurements of ref lected light.f t has a 5o angle of acceptance and can be used totake precise measurements of both f lash and ambientlight.

Viewfinder 10" IIThe View f inder l Oo II can

spot measurements. lt has a

Precise readings are possible

in the viewfinder on the area

also be used for taking10" angle of acceptance.by positioning the circleto be measured.


Flat DiffuserThe F lat D iff user shou ld be used when determin ingthe lighting ratio between various light sources or tocalculate the illuminance values for continuous lightsources and guide numbers for f lash units. lt can alsobe used for incident-light readings of f lat surfaces.

Mini ReceptorThe Mini Receptor plugs into the accessory-receptorjack on the side of the meter's receptor head . lt is

used to measure incident light in places that are

otherwise inaccessible to the meter's receptor head. ltis especially useful for close-up and macrophoto-graphy.

4X and 8X Spherical ND DiffusersThese Spherical N D D iff users have neutral-densityfilters which extend the upper limit of the meter'smeasurement range by two stops (witfr 4X diffuser)or three stops (with 8X diffuser). These diffusersshould be used when the light source is too bright tobe measured with the standard diffuser attached.

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Sync Cord IIThe Sync Cord II is a 5-meter long cord that connectsthe meter, flash unit, and camera's sync terminaltogether. Using this cord, you can take f lash readingsand release the shutter without changing connections.

Spot MaskThe Spot Mask lets you use the Flash Meter fV as an

enlarging meter. After determining the exposure for a

standard negative, you can measure areas of a sub-

sequent negatives that have similar densities as thestandard negative.

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TECHNICAL DETAILS

Type: Multiple-function exposure meter for measur-ing ambient and flash light; incident- and reflected-light readings possible with both digital and analogreadouts on LCD data pane | ; ana lyze f u nction forreadings of ambient-f lash lightingReceptor: Silicon photocell; receptor head rotates270"Reception method:

Incident: Spherical diff user (or other optionaldiff users)

Ref lected: Ref lected-light attachment with 40"angle of acceptance (or optional Viewfinder 5o,Viewf inder 10' il)External receptors: Optional M ini Receptor,Minolta Booster II

Flash measuring ranges:f ncident: f lO.7 to f/90 +0.9" Reflected: f 11.O to tlg0 +0.9 with reflected-lightattachment or Viewf inder 1 0" il; f 11 .4 +0.2 tof lg} +0.9 with Viewfinder 5o

Ambient light measuring ranges at ISO 100:Incident: EV -2 to EV 19.5

' Ref lected: EV 1 .0 to EV 22.5 with 40o receptor

' or Viewf inder 10" il; EV 2.2 to EV 23.7 withViewfinder 5"

Measuring modes:"AMB l": For ambient light readings"CORD": For electronic ffash, M-class flashbulbswith or without ambient light; using f lash unit'ssync cord or optional Sync Cord II"NON.C": For electronic flash with orambient light; trigger cord not required

Multiple/cumulative readings: Possible withor ref lected light readings of ambient or f lash

Repeatability: 10.1 EV

without

incidentlight

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D igital readouts/d isplays :

F-numbers: flO.7 to f 190 +0.9 in 0.1-stop incre-mentsAperture Value ("ExlN") numbers: -15.9 to 45.6i n 0. 1 -stop i ncrem en ts

Shutter speeds: 30 min. to 1 /8000 sec. in 1 -stop

incrementsFrames-per-second for movie cameras: 8, 12, 16,18, 24, 32, 64; shutter-sector opening of 180"

. Film-speeds: ISO 8 to ISO 6400 in 1/3-stopincrementsNumber of multiple/cumulative exposures:0 to I(displays last digit of accumulated readings over 9exposu res in shutter-priority mode)Guide value (GV) numbers: -8 to 8 in l-stopincrements

Analog displays:F-number scale: t11.0 to flg} (in 1l2-stop in-crements)Contrast : -4 .O to 4.0 in 1 /4-stop increments(1 l2-stop increments from -4 to -3 or 3 to 4)

Other displays: Over- and under-range signals; memo-ry marks (up to two); analyze function indicator;highlight, shadow, ohd average calculation marksOther: Analyze function for metering ambient andf lash light together; Aperture-priority measurementof ambient and flash light; Infrared remote triggeringof any f lash unit using optional lR Receiver-Trigger;wireless data transfer to Minolta (Maxxum) 7000and 9000 cameras via optional Data Receiver D R-

1 000Power source: One AA-size 1 .5-volt alkaline orcarbon-zinc, or 1.2-volt nickel-cadmium for measure-ment and display; one 6-volt alkaline (4LR44, Eve-

ready 537 or equiv.) or 6.2-volt silver-oxide (+SR44,Eveready 544 or equiv.) for infrared data transmis-sionDimensions= 28 x 68 x 153mm (1-1 /8 x 2-1U16 x 6in.) , '

Weight: 2009 (7-1 116 oz.l without batteries

Specif ications subject to change without notice.


CARE AND STORAGE

o Do not press on or damage the indication-displaywindow

o Do not subject the meter to shock or vibration.

o The Flash Meter IV is designed for use at tempera-tures 50o and -10oC. lf the unit becomes hotter orcolder than this, operation may be unsatisfactory.

o The meter should never be placed or left in theglove compartment or other places in a motorvehicle, or eleswhere, where it may be subject totemperatures higher than 55oC, or lower than

-20"c, as it may be permanently damaged. parti-cular care should be taken not to leave the meterin sunf ight or near sources of heat such as stronglights, etc. Do not store it in humid places, or near

' corrosive chemicals.

o lf the meter is left or placed in direct sunlight forany long period, the indication-display windowwill turn black.

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o When the meter is to be stored, place it in itsoriginal packing, and put it in an air-tight con-tainer with an appropriate amount of dehumidify-ing agent, such as silica gel.

o Never attempt tq disassemble the meter.Anyrepairs necessary should be undertaken only by anauthorized Minolta service facility.

o The meter body may be wiped with a silicone-treated cloth to clean it. Do not allow alcohol orchemicals of any other kind to touch its surface.

o Never lubricate any part of the meter.

o lf the meter is not to be used for two or moreweeks, it is advisable to remove the battery.

Download - Minolta Flash Meter IV 01

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