Transcript
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    LET THERE BE MORE

    LIGHTEugene V. Bobukh

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    To Make This Presentation( !"#$%&'

    About 70 hours were forever lost forFacebook

    6.2 Gb of disk sace was occuied !00" hotos were taken # $ % drinking arties were &issed' (o )*& glad that +ou*ve &ade it here

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    is)*ai+er( !"#$%&'

    ,his is not a for&al hotograh+course

    ) a& not a rofessional (o ) can do it -ust however it leases &e

    )f +ou don*t like &+ st+le/ hire a ro for1

    ) will notcover &an+ ver+ i&ortant

    things (uch as laws of co&osition or studiosetu

    ) a& -ust an e34h+sicist who*s doneso&e #00/000 hotos in )5/ visual/ V/

    VV and 5A8

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    ,But Bugs Are (till :ossible)f +ou sot ;e&/ reort ;e&'

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    -. .O/ /HE.E0ER1BO123 RE-1

    ?@CD/ ?HIJ

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    The 0er4 5irst Photo

    KL!26

    MView fro& theNindow at OeGras< b+ Poseh

    QicRhore QiRce

    ,aken on bitu&enas a &edia

    ! hours e3osure

    Slearl+/ therewas not enoughlight

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    3in)e Then

    :hotograh+ has gone a long/ long wa+T Tbut there is still often not enough light

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    6ten7 /e 3ee 3o+ethin8 Like That

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    -n9 It T:rns O:t LikeThat

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    Ho; o /e Make It Better?B-3I@ THEOR1:ractice without a theor+ is like wine without a toast'

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    @a+era isse)te9

    5ealit+ is Ttough'

    Ne need asi&ler &odel toget the essenceof the rocess

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    - 3Aheri)a* @a+era in 0a)::+

    F U

    r

    a

    b

    3

    3 LWXLWF Y LWUZb a[X3WUZ

    suall+ U 11 F/ so 3 \ F and b \ a[XFWUZ

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    EAos:re (3h:tter 3Aee97CD$!F'

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    r

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    b

    3

    ,+ical ,] LWL%thY LW%00thof a second Xdenoted as

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    -Aert:re ("JK'

    rF

    Oight co&es fro& all directions. ^hotons cross each &2of a surface near

    the ca&era

    _ow &an+ hotons get inside` ^[r2

    ,he+ are ro-ected on the focushe&ishere with the area ( 2F2

    :hotons count er &2of the inner i&ageis B W( ^[XrWFZ2

    Intro9:)e . 5>r

    It is called @ jmIZ and standsbehind F in the lens na&e Xe.g./ for FW#.%Q #.%Z

    ,hen B p^WQ2

    Oenses with the sa&e Q roduce i&ages

    of the sa&e brightness regardless of thefocal length['

    Bear ;ith +eN

    This is the +ost )o+A*e +ath o6 the;ho*e Aresentation

    The rest ;i** e easier I Aro+ise

    3ta4 t:ne9N

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    -t 5>Q?7 The4 -** -re The 3a+eN

    9/ onl+ brightness is the sa&e. Al&ost.

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    CGates OAene9 4 the .tho6 the5o)a* Len8thF

    U FWL6 U FW% U FWL.$

    1 1 1 1 icture brightness 1 1 1 1

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    The *esser .7 the ri8hter thei+a8e

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    E.OGH THEOR1 5OR.O/

    A ractical roble&]

    )t is too dark._ow do +ou let &ore light in`

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    .e; Gates 34n9ro+e

    _ow do +ou let &ore shee in`

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    T;o OAtions

    L. ee the gates oen longer )ncreaseE3osure

    2. 9en the& wider 5educe Aerture

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    P-RT >?ESPO3RE

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    In)rease 3h:tter Ti+e?-PERTRE

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    Re+e+er< Bri8htness c =>.

    ,he a&ount of light is roortional to

    the inverse sd:areof the F4nu&ber'

    ,his is a serious businessore serious that UoF K Q

    (o Srank the Oens 9en'

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    5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes

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    FWL.$ 6.2%

    FWL.2 !.%L

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    5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes

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    5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes

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    5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes

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    3o7 OAen -Aert:re Get a 5ast Lens

    Good news] FWL.! are reasonabl+ine3ensive Sanon %0&& LL0

    Qikon %0&& fWL.!U AF L#% )f +ou can aqord an+ U(O5/ +ou &ost

    likel+ can aqord an FWL.! lens as well

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    B- .E/3Q? as=\\'

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    FW#.% FW0.7

    /h4 *ar8er +atri)es ;i** nothaXe *esser o5

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    ,hought e3eri&ent of taking a icture andcutting awa+ the edges of the &atri3 _oweverT.

    Nhen viewed on the screen/ the erceived UoF

    &a+ change ,he [actual[ infor&ation in the icture will not

    )f all si|es are increased Q ti&es Xlens/ ca&era/sensor ele&ent Y to reserve &egai3el countZ itwill change LWQ ti&es ,hat*s wh+ :( will have lesser UoF

    )f sensor ele&ent si|e won*t change/ UoF willchange as LWQ2.

    o5 5or+:*a is 3i+A*ePra)ti)a* -AA*i)ations Ma4 Be @on6:sin8

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    Generall+/ 9dros as LWF2

    !%&& FW! will havethe sa&e Ueth 9fField as #%&& FWL.$'

    Tbut if sub-ect

    occuies the sa&eart of the i&age/ 9does not deend on F'

    Tbut/ dWUX

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    L. UoF QWF2

    2. )f ) want to kee ~3edUoF/ ) &ust &aintain Q F2

    #. A&ount of light LWQ2

    $. For ~3ed visiblei&ression/ e3osition , LWO

    %. ,herefore/ , Q2 F$for~3ed UoF

    6. ,hat*s one of the reasonsit*s so hard to deal withlong lensesT

    5a)e [ E4es Tra)kin8

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    I3O :anti)ation = Fil& )(9 de~nition]

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    (ensitivit+ 0.!W_ _ Y e3osure in lu3[sec where logL0 otical densit+ is 0.L above fog level/ or L00.L L.263

    darker L lu3[sec L l&[secW&2 Brightness in lu&ens [:/ : is irradiance in energ+ units/ Natts is conversion coe}cient between energ+ units and lu&ens erceived b+ hu&ans. )t is

    strongl+ wavelength deendent.

    For a &o&ent/ let*s ~gure out the stor+ with green lightwhere 6!# l&WNt

    _ 0.!W( Xassu&ing L s. &eterZ 1 : _W 0.!WX(Z. )f( L )(9/ : 0.!W 0.!W6!# \\\==^ po:*es.

    I3O :anti)ation Uigital could be aroached in several wa+s

    B tibilit ith ~l Ui it l d ~l f th )(9 h ld d i il i t

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    L. B+ co&atibilit+ with ~l&. Uigital and ~l& of the sa&e )(9 should roduce si&ilar ictures

    under si&ilar illu&ination. Fil& )(9 L e3osed to 0.! lu3[seconds roduces oticaldensit+ of 0.L which corresonds to the beginning of its usable

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    other light sources` (a+ for dee red 700 n& do we

    need to use 2. l&WNt conversion` ,he answer is no if we are interested in energ+ Xor

    hotonsZ absorbed b+ the &atri3 as oosed to enteringthe ca&era.

    8es/ a ca&era &a+ have a resonse curve si&ilar tohu&an*s e+e. But that is due to a ~lter sitting before the

    sensor/ blocking of 700 n& light. ,he unrotected sensor*s sensitivit+ at that wavelengthis still ver+ high. 5oughl+/ it is at fro& $00 to !00 n&X so&e L.%3/ which we ignore at this level of detailZ inter&s of uantu& e}cienc+ Y that*s it/ in hotons count.

    ,herefore/ we still need about #.$!!eL6 hotons to beabsorbed b+ )(9 L sensor of L &2 for

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    7!% 2! hotons/ or #.6 9ther reference ~gures] :( ca&era with 23# {&2 sensor )(9 L600] L#L hotons/ !.7

    noise U(O5 )(9 L600/ e3osure L0 of the

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    I3O \\\7 noise g\

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    :ant:+ .oise M:*tiA*eEAos:res

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    sed &ostl+ b+ astrono&ers )dea] take : 11 L hotos/ carefull+

    average 1 noise dros : ti&es suall+ reuires secial software 5euires scenes that don*t change

    while +ou are shooting L00 fra&es

    .oise 5ie9 T8t EAos:re Mo9e

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    Li8ht @o*or E0 red:ire9.oiseLeXe*

    .oise in B/Mo9e .oise Re9:)tion

    5ed 42.67 $.606 #.L%L7 L.$%%28ellow 42.## $.$0%L #.L#% L.270LGreen 42 $.66# 2.0! L.760$S+an 42.### $.L0$ 2.!!0L L.22#

    Blue 42 %.7%2 #.67L7 2.0!0#V 40.## 6.#L#L #.!L!# 2.$$!

    /hite Ba*an)e Too /ar+

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    5i*ters Ori8ina*

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    5i*ters Re9:)e .oise

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    5i*ters -n8*e9 Br:sh

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    3+o8 [ 5o8Are friends. Eseciall+ in Sontour

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    5o):sin8 in the 9arkness

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    (ot4focusing on contrast borders worksbest :oint and refra&e

    ) tend to carr+ a s&all laser ointer for

    that

    Li8ht reve)tion in *enses

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    suall+ not a roble& But chea ~lters/ on non4xx light can eat

    u to L04L% light 9q4center i&ages &a+ be darker

    0i8nettin8

    $

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    KXSosZ$

    ' a+ get serious at the edges (trongl+ lens4deendent anufacturers generall+ tr+ to co&bat it

    5i*+ 3ensii*iation

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    _+drogen

    One o6 EAeri+enta* 3et:As

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    -n E88 in 0 Li8ht

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