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LET THERE BE MORE
LIGHTEugene V. Bobukh
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To Make This Presentation( !"#$%&'
About 70 hours were forever lost forFacebook
6.2 Gb of disk sace was occuied !00" hotos were taken # $ % drinking arties were &issed' (o )*& glad that +ou*ve &ade it here
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is)*ai+er( !"#$%&'
,his is not a for&al hotograh+course
) a& not a rofessional (o ) can do it -ust however it leases &e
)f +ou don*t like &+ st+le/ hire a ro for1
) will notcover &an+ ver+ i&ortant
things (uch as laws of co&osition or studiosetu
) a& -ust an e34h+sicist who*s doneso&e #00/000 hotos in )5/ visual/ V/
VV and 5A8
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,But Bugs Are (till :ossible)f +ou sot ;e&/ reort ;e&'
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-. .O/ /HE.E0ER1BO123 RE-1
?@CD/ ?HIJ
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The 0er4 5irst Photo
KL!26
MView fro& theNindow at OeGras< b+ Poseh
QicRhore QiRce
,aken on bitu&enas a &edia
! hours e3osure
Slearl+/ therewas not enoughlight
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3in)e Then
:hotograh+ has gone a long/ long wa+T Tbut there is still often not enough light
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6ten7 /e 3ee 3o+ethin8 Like That
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-n9 It T:rns O:t LikeThat
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Ho; o /e Make It Better?B-3I@ THEOR1:ractice without a theor+ is like wine without a toast'
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@a+era isse)te9
5ealit+ is Ttough'
Ne need asi&ler &odel toget the essenceof the rocess
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- 3Aheri)a* @a+era in 0a)::+
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suall+ U 11 F/ so 3 \ F and b \ a[XFWUZ
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EAos:re (3h:tter 3Aee97CD$!F'
F U
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b
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,+ical ,] LWL%thY LW%00thof a second Xdenoted as
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-Aert:re ("JK'
rF
Oight co&es fro& all directions. ^hotons cross each &2of a surface near
the ca&era
_ow &an+ hotons get inside` ^[r2
,he+ are ro-ected on the focushe&ishere with the area ( 2F2
:hotons count er &2of the inner i&ageis B W( ^[XrWFZ2
Intro9:)e . 5>r
It is called @ jmIZ and standsbehind F in the lens na&e Xe.g./ for FW#.%Q #.%Z
,hen B p^WQ2
Oenses with the sa&e Q roduce i&ages
of the sa&e brightness regardless of thefocal length['
Bear ;ith +eN
This is the +ost )o+A*e +ath o6 the;ho*e Aresentation
The rest ;i** e easier I Aro+ise
3ta4 t:ne9N
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-t 5>Q?7 The4 -** -re The 3a+eN
9/ onl+ brightness is the sa&e. Al&ost.
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CGates OAene9 4 the .tho6 the5o)a* Len8thF
U FWL6 U FW% U FWL.$
1 1 1 1 icture brightness 1 1 1 1
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The *esser .7 the ri8hter thei+a8e
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E.OGH THEOR1 5OR.O/
A ractical roble&]
)t is too dark._ow do +ou let &ore light in`
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.e; Gates 34n9ro+e
_ow do +ou let &ore shee in`
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T;o OAtions
L. ee the gates oen longer )ncreaseE3osure
2. 9en the& wider 5educe Aerture
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P-RT >?ESPO3RE
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In)rease 3h:tter Ti+e?-PERTRE
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Re+e+er< Bri8htness c =>.
,he a&ount of light is roortional to
the inverse sd:areof the F4nu&ber'
,his is a serious businessore serious that UoF K Q
(o Srank the Oens 9en'
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5`n:+er an9 Bri8htness-Aert:re Bri8htnes
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5>= f?=
X(i&ulated b+ e3osure change UoF is not actualZ
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3o7 OAen -Aert:re Get a 5ast Lens
Good news] FWL.! are reasonabl+ine3ensive Sanon %0&& LL0
Qikon %0&& fWL.!U AF L#% )f +ou can aqord an+ U(O5/ +ou &ost
likel+ can aqord an FWL.! lens as well
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B- .E/3Q? as=\\'
FWLL 0.L0
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5>\^ ?\X(i&ulated b+ e3osure change UoF is not actualZ
C/h4
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FW#.% FW0.7
/h4 *ar8er +atri)es ;i** nothaXe *esser o5
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,hought e3eri&ent of taking a icture andcutting awa+ the edges of the &atri3 _oweverT.
Nhen viewed on the screen/ the erceived UoF
&a+ change ,he [actual[ infor&ation in the icture will not
)f all si|es are increased Q ti&es Xlens/ ca&era/sensor ele&ent Y to reserve &egai3el countZ itwill change LWQ ti&es ,hat*s wh+ :( will have lesser UoF
)f sensor ele&ent si|e won*t change/ UoF willchange as LWQ2.
o5 5or+:*a is 3i+A*ePra)ti)a* -AA*i)ations Ma4 Be @on6:sin8
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Generall+/ 9dros as LWF2
!%&& FW! will havethe sa&e Ueth 9fField as #%&& FWL.$'
Tbut if sub-ect
occuies the sa&eart of the i&age/ 9does not deend on F'
Tbut/ dWUX
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L. UoF QWF2
2. )f ) want to kee ~3edUoF/ ) &ust &aintain Q F2
#. A&ount of light LWQ2
$. For ~3ed visiblei&ression/ e3osition , LWO
%. ,herefore/ , Q2 F$for~3ed UoF
6. ,hat*s one of the reasonsit*s so hard to deal withlong lensesT
5a)e [ E4es Tra)kin8
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I3O :anti)ation = Fil& )(9 de~nition]
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(ensitivit+ 0.!W_ _ Y e3osure in lu3[sec where logL0 otical densit+ is 0.L above fog level/ or L00.L L.263
darker L lu3[sec L l&[secW&2 Brightness in lu&ens [:/ : is irradiance in energ+ units/ Natts is conversion coe}cient between energ+ units and lu&ens erceived b+ hu&ans. )t is
strongl+ wavelength deendent.
For a &o&ent/ let*s ~gure out the stor+ with green lightwhere 6!# l&WNt
_ 0.!W( Xassu&ing L s. &eterZ 1 : _W 0.!WX(Z. )f( L )(9/ : 0.!W 0.!W6!# \\\==^ po:*es.
I3O :anti)ation Uigital could be aroached in several wa+s
B tibilit ith ~l Ui it l d ~l f th )(9 h ld d i il i t
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L. B+ co&atibilit+ with ~l&. Uigital and ~l& of the sa&e )(9 should roduce si&ilar ictures
under si&ilar illu&ination. Fil& )(9 L e3osed to 0.! lu3[seconds roduces oticaldensit+ of 0.L which corresonds to the beginning of its usable
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other light sources` (a+ for dee red 700 n& do we
need to use 2. l&WNt conversion` ,he answer is no if we are interested in energ+ Xor
hotonsZ absorbed b+ the &atri3 as oosed to enteringthe ca&era.
8es/ a ca&era &a+ have a resonse curve si&ilar tohu&an*s e+e. But that is due to a ~lter sitting before the
sensor/ blocking of 700 n& light. ,he unrotected sensor*s sensitivit+ at that wavelengthis still ver+ high. 5oughl+/ it is at fro& $00 to !00 n&X so&e L.%3/ which we ignore at this level of detailZ inter&s of uantu& e}cienc+ Y that*s it/ in hotons count.
,herefore/ we still need about #.$!!eL6 hotons to beabsorbed b+ )(9 L sensor of L &2 for
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7!% 2! hotons/ or #.6 9ther reference ~gures] :( ca&era with 23# {&2 sensor )(9 L600] L#L hotons/ !.7
noise U(O5 )(9 L600/ e3osure L0 of the
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I3O \\\7 noise g\
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:ant:+ .oise M:*tiA*eEAos:res
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sed &ostl+ b+ astrono&ers )dea] take : 11 L hotos/ carefull+
average 1 noise dros : ti&es suall+ reuires secial software 5euires scenes that don*t change
while +ou are shooting L00 fra&es
.oise 5ie9 T8t EAos:re Mo9e
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Li8ht @o*or E0 red:ire9.oiseLeXe*
.oise in B/Mo9e .oise Re9:)tion
5ed 42.67 $.606 #.L%L7 L.$%%28ellow 42.## $.$0%L #.L#% L.270LGreen 42 $.66# 2.0! L.760$S+an 42.### $.L0$ 2.!!0L L.22#
Blue 42 %.7%2 #.67L7 2.0!0#V 40.## 6.#L#L #.!L!# 2.$$!
/hite Ba*an)e Too /ar+
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5i*ters Ori8ina*
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5i*ters Re9:)e .oise
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5i*ters -n8*e9 Br:sh
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3+o8 [ 5o8Are friends. Eseciall+ in Sontour
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5o):sin8 in the 9arkness
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(ot4focusing on contrast borders worksbest :oint and refra&e
) tend to carr+ a s&all laser ointer for
that
Li8ht reve)tion in *enses
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suall+ not a roble& But chea ~lters/ on non4xx light can eat
u to L04L% light 9q4center i&ages &a+ be darker
0i8nettin8
$
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KXSosZ$
' a+ get serious at the edges (trongl+ lens4deendent anufacturers generall+ tr+ to co&bat it
5i*+ 3ensii*iation
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_+drogen
One o6 EAeri+enta* 3et:As
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-n E88 in 0 Li8ht
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