1. Cells and Heredity

• Looking Inside of Cells

2.

• PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems

• Objectives:

• Specialized structures perform specific functions at all levels of complexity (e.g., leaves on trees and wings on birds).

3. Organelles

• objects inside a cell, which carry out specific functions within the cell.

4. Cell Wall

• a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms

• Make of touch, yet flexible material called cellulose

• Helps to protect and support the cell

• Water and oxygen can pass through the cell wall

• Ex. Screen on a window

5. Cell Membrane

• Located just inside the cell wall in plants .

Animals, it is the outside boundary that separates cells from its environment.

6. Nucleus

• Acts as the brain of the cell. It directs all the cells activities.

7. Organelles in the Cytoplasm

• Cytoplasm

• area between the cell membrane and nucleus.

• Gel-like fluid in which many organelles are found.

8. Mitochondria

• Rod shaped structures

• The powerhouse of the cell

• Produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry out its functions.

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Maze of passageways

• Carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another.

10. Ribosomes

• Grain-like bodies attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum

• Also found floating in the cytoplasm.

• Factories to produce proteins.

11. Golgi Bodies

• Flattened collection of sacs and tubes

• Cells mail room

• Receive proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and send them off to other parts of the cell.

12. Chloroplasts

• Large green structures floating in cytoplasm.

• Capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.

• Give plants green color.

13. Vacuoles

• Large, round, water-filled sac floating in the cytoplasm.

• Storage area of the cell.

• Plant cells (mostly) have 1 large vacuole.

• Animal cells may or may not have one.

14. Lysosomes

• Small round structures that contain chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

• Recycle old cell parts so they can be used again.

15. Bacterial Cells

• Smaller than plant or animal cells

• Has a cell wall and cell membrane

• Has no nucleus

• Genetic material (looks like waded string) is found in cytoplasm

• Contain ribosomes, but no other organelles

16. Bacterial cells

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18. Specialized Cells

• Cells are suited to the functions they carry out.

• Ex. Blood cells look different than nerve cells and have different jobs.

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20. Lets review the differences between plant and animal cells

21. Cell No 5 Song

• (and theres an easy way to remember it!)

22. TEXTBOOK: Human Biology and Health How the Body is Organized

23.

• PASS Strand: Structure and Function in Living Systems

• Objectives:

• Living systems are organized by levels of complexity , i.e. cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, organisms, and ecosystems.)

24.

• The levels of organization in the human body consist of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

• Organ systems together make organisms. Organisms create ecosystems.

25. C E L L S

• LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• Cells- -basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.

• Unicellularorganism which only has one cell

• Multicellularcomplex organism made up of several cells

26. Tissues

• a group of similar cells that perform the same function. Perform a specific job .

27.

28. Tissues

• a. Muscle tissuecells can contract or shorten

• b. Nerve tissuecarries messages between brain and body

• c. Connective tissueSupport for body, connects all parts of body

• d. Epithelial tissueCovers the surfaces of your body, inside and out

29. Organs

• a structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue . Performs a specific job.

30. Organs

• Heart is an organ. Function: pumps blood through your body. Is made up pf 4 kinds of tissue. Each helps with the overall job.

• Kidneys -- two bean -shaped organs. Helps keep water volume in body constant. Helps remove wastes from body and helps regulate blood pressure

• Skin largest organ . Covers and protects body.

31. Organ System

• a group of organs that work together to perform a major function

32.

• Circulatory carries materials to body cells, carries wastes away from body cells helps fight disease .

33. Organ System

• Digestive takes food into the body, breaks food down , and absorbs the digestive materials

34. Organ System

• Immune

• Fights

• disease

35. Organ System

• Muscular Enables the body to move, moves food through the digestive system, keeps the heart beating

36. Organ System

• Nervous detects and interprets information from the environment outside the body and from within the body, controls most body functions

37. Organ System

• Respiratory Takes oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide

38. Organ System

• Skeletal Supports the body, protects it, and works with muscles to allow movement, makes blood cells and stores some materials

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• Examples: LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

• 1. Bone cell responsible for bone growth and repair.

• 2. Bone tissue consists of living cells that are separated from one another by a hard non-living material that gives bones their strength.

• 3. Bone organ Ex. Thigh bone or femur consists of different kinds of tissues. (also contains blood and nerve tissue)

• 4. Organ system Skeletal system. Made up of over 200 bones. Includes cartilage and ligaments.

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41. Organism

• Organ systems come together to produce a living creature . An individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus;

42. Ecosystem

• A community of plants, ___________, and microorganisms that are linked by energy and nutrient flows and that interact with each other and with the physical environment.

43. Interdependence

• depending on other things to get a job done. Working together.

44. Osmosis

45. Diffusion