LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS.

JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS,

AND LANDSLIDES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,

Virginia, USA 

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK

EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS

TYPHOONS

FLOODS

LANDSLIDES

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

JAPAN

TYPHOONS

THE JAPAN’S IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL

JAPAN’SJAPAN’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

JAPAN’SJAPAN’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

Physics Of A Typhoon

HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)

• WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)]

• DEBRIS

• STORM SURGE/FLOODS

• HEAVY PRECIPITATION/FLOODS

• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)

• COSTAL EROSION

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM

FLYING DEBRIS

STORM SURGE

IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN

SITING PROBLEMS

FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

“DISASTER LABORATORIES”

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT

ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS.

• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR

INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

NOTABLE PAST TYPHOONS IMPACTING JAPAN

“THE WORST”

Super Typhoon Vera, September 21-28, 1959

Killed 5,098; Injured 38,021

TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT. 5 2011

SUPERTYPHOON VERA

With heavy storm surge, rain, and winds of 160 mph, Vera slammed

into the southeastern coast of Japan in Wakayama Prefecture and then proceeded northeast across

Honshū, causing widespread wind damage and flooding

THE WORST IMPACTS WERE CAUSED BY HEAVY STORM

SURGE AND FLOODING, ESPECIALLY IN NAGOYA

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

2011

Just 6 months after the historic March 11th earthquake-tsunami

TRACKS OF 2011’S TYPHOONS

TYPHOON TALAS: AUG. 25 – SEPT. 5 2011

TYPHOON TALAS

• Talas, which left 26 dead, was the worst to hit Japan since 2004, when 98 people were killed or reported missing.

TYPHOON TALAS

• One-half million were advised to evacuate to shelters

• Thousands were stranded as rain washed out bridges, railways and roads and landslides blocked access

TYPHOON TALAS: SEARCH AND RESCUE AFTER LANDSLIDE

SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES

LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES

SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS

SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS

PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING

GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CAUSES OF DAMAGE

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

2012

22 STORM TRACKS AS OF

OCTOBER 21, 2012

GUCHOL: 1ST TYPHOON OF SEASON: JUNE 19, 2012

GUCHOL: A CAT I STORM

• Guchol caused heightened concerns for safety at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, damaged earlier in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.

GUCHOL: A RAINMAKER

• High waves, heavy rain (9 cm/hr) and strong winds impacted the south coast of Honshu as far east as Nagoya and the Izu peninsula, southwest of Tokyo.

• Evacuation advisory issued for 10,000 residents.

SANBA: A SUPER TYPHOON, ENTOUTE TO LANDFALL ON KOREAN PINUNSULA

JAPAN: IMPACTS OF SANBA

• Heavy rain and high velocity winds impacted southwestern Japan.

• The rain caused flooding and landslides.

• 67,000 homes in Japan lost power.

TYPHOON JELAWAT’S PATH: SEPT. 20 - OCT. 1, 2012

TYPHOON JELAWAT:SEPTEMBER 28

WIND OVERTURNED A VEHICLE IN NAHA CITY, OKINAWA

The wind field that reached 300 kph when Typhoon Jelawat jumped over

Okinawa decreased to 120 kph when it reached Tokyo .

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL NATURAL HAZARDS

• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

• EVENTEVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COSTCOST

• BENEFITBENEFIT

•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS