Transcript
Page 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS

INDIAPART 1: FLOODS

(NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES)

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

Page 2: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

INDIA

Page 3: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

NATURAL AND TECH. HAZARDS THAT HAVE NATURAL AND TECH. HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN INDIACAUSED DISASTERS IN INDIA

NATURAL AND TECH. HAZARDS THAT HAVE NATURAL AND TECH. HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN INDIACAUSED DISASTERS IN INDIA

FLOODS (LANDSLIDES)

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

EARTHQUAKES

POWER BLACKOUTS

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM BECOMING DISASTER RESILIENT

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIESAND COMMUNITIES

Page 4: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

Natural Phenomena that Cause Disasters

Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions create situ-ations favorable for FLOODS

Page 5: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

CAUSES OF NOTABLE FLOODS IN INDIA: THE

ANNUAL MONSOON RAINS

Page 6: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

A “HIMALAYAN TSUNAMII” HIMALAYAN REGION OF

NORTHEST INDIA(Floods also trigger landslides)

June 24—JULY ??, 2013

Page 7: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

Triggered by unusually heavy monsoon rains that don’t

usually arrive this early in the mountainous state of

Uttarakhand, which borders Nepal and China, the floods and landslides swept away

buildings, roads and vehicles.

Page 8: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES IN A FLOOD

Entire villages:

People, property, infra-structure, business enterprise, government centers, crops, wildlife, and natural resources.

Page 9: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

Kedarnath, the home of a deeply revered Hindu

temple visited by many pilgrims every year,

experienced the maximum devastation.

Page 10: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

KEDARNATH (Note: Temple in Foreground)

KEDARNATH (Note: Temple in foreground)

Page 11: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,
Page 12: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,
Page 13: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,
Page 14: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,
Page 15: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

RISHIKESH: HINDU STATUE

Page 16: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

PARTS OF NEW DEHLI ALSO FLOODED

Page 17: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

IMPACTS

• At least 1,000 feared dead

• 70,000 evacuated

• More than 50,000 people cut off by the waters

Page 18: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

DEVASTATING FLOODS IN ASSAM STATE AND IN NORTHEST INDIA(Floods also trigger landslides)

June 28—JULY 15, 2012

Page 19: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,
Page 20: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

The Brahmaputra River overflowed during monsoon

rains, flooding more than 2,000 villages and

destroying homes in the northeast of the country

Page 21: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

FLOOD: ASSAM STATE; JUNE 28, 2012

Page 22: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

WILD BUFFALO GOING TO HIGHER GROUND; JUNE 28

Page 23: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

STRANDED IN NAELENI VILLAGE: JUNE 28

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STRANDED

Page 25: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

SOME OF THE 500,000 EVACUEES: JUNE 29

Page 26: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

ELDERLY AND YOUNG EVACUEES: JUNE 29

Page 27: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

HOMELESS BULUT VILLAGE FAMILY: JUNE 30

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PUMPING DRINKING WATER: BULUT VILLAGE; JUNE 30

Page 29: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

2012: RECORD BREAKING IMPACTS

Ninety-five dead Over 2 million homeless. Half a million evacuees are living in relief

camps with disease prone conditions Damaging landslides hindered relief

operations

Page 30: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

NEEDED: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

NEEDED: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 31: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

INDIA’SINDIA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES

INDIA’SINDIA’S

COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

•FLOOD HAZARDS•PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY•LOCATION

FLOOD RISK FLOOD RISK

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

Page 32: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT HELPS GUIDE POLICY

ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR

FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 33: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

DAMAGE FROM DAMAGE FROM INUNDATIONINUNDATION

DAMAGE FROM DAMAGE FROM INUNDATIONINUNDATION

A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES PHYSICAL A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE

RISKRISK

A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES PHYSICAL A FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT INTEGRATES PHYSICAL EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE EFFECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS TO DETERMINE

RISKRISK

EROSION, SCOUR, AND EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

EROSION, SCOUR, AND EROSION, SCOUR, AND LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES

LOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTIONLOSS OF LOSS OF FUNCTIONFUNCTION ECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSSECONOMIC LOSS

RISKRISKRISKRISK

Page 34: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURE & CONTENTS: DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF RISK

CAUSES OF RISK

DISASTER LABORATORIES

DISASTER LABORATORIES

Page 35: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

FLOOD DISASTER RISKSFLOOD DISASTER RISKS

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS,

AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES, AND WATER BORNE

DISEASES

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE, RELEASE OF

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, DAMAGE TO CONTENTS, TRANSPORTATION OF DEBRIS,

AUTOS, AND HOUSES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEAD ZONES, AND WATER BORNE

DISEASES

Page 36: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

A RISK ASSESSMENT

• A risk assessment involves the probabilistic integration of:

• The hazard (e.g., floods) and their potential disaster agents (inundation, erosion, etc) that are directly related to the location of the community and what happens in the regional water cycle.

Page 37: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)

• The location of each element of the exposure in relation to the physical demands of the hazard (i.e., inundation, etc.)

Page 38: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)

• The exposure (e.g., people, and elements of the community’s built environment), represents the potential loss when the natural hazard occurs.

Page 39: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

RISK ASSESSMENT (Continued)

• The vulnerability (or fragility) of each element comprising the exposure when subjected to the potential disaster agents.

Page 40: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

UNDERSTANDING VULNERABILITY: THE

ULTIMATE DRIVER OF RISK

Page 41: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

Vulnerability: The Driver of Risk Vulnerability: The Driver of Risk Vulnerability: The Driver of Risk Vulnerability: The Driver of Risk

FLOOD FLOOD

HAZARDSHAZARDS

FLOOD FLOOD

HAZARDSHAZARDS

EVENTEVENT

VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

PEOPLESTRUCTURESPROPERTYENVIRONMENTINFRASTRUCTURE

EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

EXPECTED EXPECTED

LOSSLOSS

EXPECTED EXPECTED

LOSSLOSS

Page 42: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

An element’s vulnerability (fragility) is the result of a community’s actions or of

nature’s actions that change some part of the regional water

cycle (e.g., precipitation, storage, runoff, transpiration,

evaporation).

Page 43: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

WHAT INCREASES VULNERABILITY

MANKIND’S ACTIONS AND NATURE ITSELF CAN CHANGE THE VULNERABILITY OF

ELEMENTS AT RISK TO A FLOOD, A PART OF THE REGIONAL WATER CYCLE

Page 44: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

MANKIND’S CONTRIBUTIONAn element’s vulnerability

(fragility) is the result of flaws that enter during the planning,

location, siting, design, and construction of a community’s buildings and infrastructure.

Page 45: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

MANKIND’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE

• Urban development or industrial development in areas that were formerly wetlands.

• Locating buildings and infrastructure in a river floodplain.

Page 46: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

MANKIND’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE SOME PART OF THE WATER CYCLE

• Actions that increase or decrease river gradients (deforestation, dams, etc).

• Actions that change the runoff rate or pattern (e.g., the city’s concrete footprint)

Page 47: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

NATURE’S ACTIONS THAT CHANGE THE WATER CYCLE

• A flash flood.• Ice jams/ice dams on the river• Rapid melt of snow and ice• Extreme or prolonged

precipitation caused by stalled low-pressure weather systems.

Page 48: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

REQUIRED INFORMATION FOR A COMPREHENSIVE

VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT

Page 49: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

REQUIRED INFORMATION

• Physical characteristics of the regional water cycle and drainage system.

• Physical characteristics of each river system, its tributaries, and its floodplains.

Page 50: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

REQUIRED INFORMATION

• Physical characteristics of catchment basins, reservoirs, and wetlands in the region.

• Physical characteristics of dikes, levees, and dams controlling water discharge and flooding potential in the region.

Page 51: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

REQUIRED INFORMATION

• The hazardous materials and other elements located in the floodplain.

Page 52: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN

FLOODSFLOODS

INUNDATION

INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER

WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)

EROSION AND MUDFLOWS

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

CAUSES OF DISASTER

CAUSES OF DISASTER

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Page 53: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

A DISASTER is ---

--- the set of failures that overwhelm the capability of a community to respond without external help  when three continuums: 1)  people, 2) community (i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3) complex events (e.g., floods, earthquakes,…) intersect at a point in space and time.

Page 54: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

Disasters are caused by single- or multiple-event natural hazards that, (for various reasons), cause

extreme levels of mortality, morbidity, homelessness,

joblessness, economic losses, or environmental impacts.

Page 55: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the community’s buildings and infrastructure can be LOST for long periods.

Page 56: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely happen, not to mention the low-probability of occurrence—high-probability of adverse consequences event.

Page 57: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic framework for early threat identification and coordinated local, national, regional, and international countermeasures.

Page 58: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a timely and effective manner to the full spectrum of expected and unexpected emergency situations.

Page 59: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from either the current experience or the cumulative prior experiences.

Page 60: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION

RISK ASSESSMENT

• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE

• EVENTEVENT

POLICY ASSESSMENT

• COSTCOST

• BENEFITBENEFIT

•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

MOVING TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER MOVING TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE

FLOODSFLOODSFLOODSFLOODS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS

Page 61: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS PREPAREDNESFOR THE EXPECTED AND UNEXPECTED IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 62: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

EARLY WARN-ING (THE ISS) AND EVACU-ATION ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 63: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

Page 64: LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS INDIA PART 1: FLOODS (NOTE: FLOODS ALSO TRIGGER LANDSLIDES) Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction,

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

ALL FLOODS

RECOVERY AND RECON-STRUCTION USUALLY TAKES LONG-ER THAN THOUGHT.


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