Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of Nursing, 8eBerman, Snyder, Kozier, ErbCopyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1
Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Pretest
Which of the following women made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers during the Civil War? Select all that apply.
1. Harriet Tubman2. Florence Nightingale3. Fabiola 4. Dorothea Dix5. Sojourner Truth
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 1
1. Correct: Harriet Tubman provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad.
2. Florence Nightingale contributed to the nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean War.
3. Fabiola used her wealth to provide houses of caring and healing during the Roman empire
4. Correct: Dorothea Dix was responsible for recruiting nurses and supervising the nursing care of all women nurses working in army hospitals.
5. Correct: Sojourner Truth provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2
Health promotion is best represented by which of the following activities?
1. Administering immunizations2. Giving a bath3. Preventing injuries in the home4. Performing diagnostic procedures
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 2
1. Administering immunizations is an example of illness prevention.
2. Giving a bath is aesthetic (i. e., not needed for health promotion or disease prevention).
3. Correct: Health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status without consideration of diseases.
4. Performing diagnostic procedures focuses on disease detection.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3
Who are America’s first two trained nurses?
1. Barton and Wald2. Dock and Sanger3. Richards and Mahoney4. Henderson and Breckinridge
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 3
1. Barton established the American Red Cross. Wald founded public health nursing.
2. Dock founded the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the U.S. and Canada. Sanger is the founder of Planned Parenthood.
3. Correct: Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, and Mary Mahoney was America’s first black trained nurse.
4. Henderson was one of the first modern nurses to define nursing. Breckinridge established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery training schools in the U.S.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 4
A nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple complex nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner’s states of nursing expertise?
1. Advanced beginner2. Competent3. Proficient4. Expert
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 4
1. The advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
2. Correct. 3. The proficient practitioner, has 3 to 5
years of experience and has developed a holistic understanding of the client.
4. The expert practitioner, demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5Which professional organization developed a code for nursing students?
1. ANA2. NLN3. AACN4. NSNA
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 5
1. ANA, developed Standards of Nursing Practices.
2. NLN focuses on nursing education.3. The American Association of Colleges of
Nursing (AACN), is the national organization that focuses on the advancement and maintenance of America’s baccalaureate- and higher degree nursing education programs
4. Correct: The National Student Nurses’ Association developed the Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct for nursing students in 2001.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6
Which of the following social forces is most likely to significantly impact the future supply and demand for nurses?
1. Aging2. Economics3. Science/technology4. Telecommunications
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 6
1. Correct: The aging population contributes to more elders needing specialized care increasing the demand.
2. Economics increases the demand for nursing care.
3. Science and technology affects nursing practice.
4. Telecommunications affects nursing practice and nursing care.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Things to Consider
What is the definition of nursing?What is the definition of nursing?
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Recipients of Nursing
• Consumer• Patient• Client
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Scope of Nursing Practice
• Promotion of health and wellness• Prevention of illness• Restoration of health• Care for the dying
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Nurse Practice Acts
• Common purpose• Legal acts• Regulate practice• Jurisdiction specific
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Standards of Nursing Practice
• ANA: Standards of Professional Performance
• Specialty nursing organizations
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Roles and Functions of Nurses
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• Caregiver• Communicator• Teacher• Client and
advocate• Counselor
• Change agent• Leader• Manager• Case manager• Research
consumer
Roles and Functions of Nurses
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Expanded Career Roles
• Nurse practitioner• Nurse
administrator• Clinical nurse
specialist• Nurse educator
• Nurse anesthetist• Nurse midwife• Nurse researcher
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Things to Consider
What are the criteria of a profession?What are the criteria of a profession?
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Criteria of a Profession
• Prolonged, specialized education• Orientation toward service• Ongoing research• Code of ethics• Autonomy• Professional organization
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Benner’s Stages of Nursing Expertise
Stage V,Expert
Stage IV, Proficient
Stage III,Competent
Stage II, Advanced beginner
Stage I, Novice
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Critical Values of Nursing
• Code of ethics• Standards• Nurse practice acts• NSNA’s Code of Academic and
Clinical Conduct
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Post Test
Which of the following women made significant contributions to the nursing care of soldiers during the Civil War? Select all that apply.
1. Harriet Tubman2. Florence Nightingale3. Fabiola 4. Dorothea Dix5. Sojourner Truth
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 1
1. Correct: Harriet Tubman provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad.
2. Florence Nightingale contributed to the nursing care of soldiers in the Crimean War.
3. Fabiola used her wealth to provide houses of caring and healing during the Roman empire
4. Correct: Dorothea Dix was responsible for recruiting nurses and supervising the nursing care of all women nurses working in army hospitals.
5. Correct: Sojourner Truth provided care and safety to slaves fleeing to the North on the Underground Railroad.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 2
Health promotion is best represented by which of the following activities?
1. Administering immunizations2. Giving a bath3. Preventing injuries in the home4. Performing diagnostic procedures
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 2
1. Administering immunizations is an example of illness prevention.
2. Giving a bath is aesthetic (i. e., not needed for health promotion or disease prevention).
3. Correct: Health promotion focuses on maintaining normal status without consideration of diseases.
4. Performing diagnostic procedures focuses on disease detection.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 3
Who are America’s first two trained nurses?
1. Barton and Wald2. Dock and Sanger3. Richards and Mahoney4. Henderson and Breckinridge
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 3
1. Barton established the American Red Cross. Wald founded public health nursing.
2. Dock founded the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the U.S. and Canada. Sanger is the founder of Planned Parenthood.
3. Correct: Linda Richards was America’s first trained nurse, and Mary Mahoney was America’s first black trained nurse.
4. Henderson was one of the first modern nurses to define nursing. Breckinridge established the Frontier Nursing Service and one of the first midwifery training schools in the U.S.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 4
A nurse with 2 to 3 years of experience who has the ability to coordinate multiple complex nursing care demands is at which stage of Benner’s states of nursing expertise?
1. Advanced beginner2. Competent3. Proficient4. Expert
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 4
1. The advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
2. Correct. 3. The proficient practitioner, has 3 to 5
years of experience and has developed a holistic understanding of the client.
4. The expert practitioner, demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in new situations.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 5Which professional organization developed a code for nursing students?
1. ANA2. NLN3. AACN4. NSNA
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 5
1. ANA, developed Standards of Nursing Practices.
2. NLN focuses on nursing education.3. The American Association of Colleges of
Nursing (AACN), is the national organization that focuses on the advancement and maintenance of America’s baccalaureate- and higher degree nursing education programs
4. Correct: The National Student Nurses’ Association developed the Code of Academic and Clinical Conduct for nursing students in 2001.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Question 6
Which of the following social forces is most likely to significantly impact the future supply and demand for nurses?
1. Aging2. Economics3. Science/technology4. Telecommunications
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Rationales 6
1. Correct: The aging population contributes to more elders needing specialized care increasing the demand.
2. Economics increases the demand for nursing care.
3. Science and technology affects nursing practice.
4. Telecommunications affects nursing practice and nursing care.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
• American Nurses Association (ANA)• Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)• National League for Nursing (NLN)• National League for Nursing Accrediting Co
mmission (NLNAC)
• International Council of Nurses (ICN)• National Student Nurses’ Association
(NSNA)• Sigma Theta Tau Honor Society
National and International Nursing Organizations
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources• American Nurses Association Code of Ethics
This site defines the Code of Ethics and offers the nurse the opportunity to purchase the Code with Interpretative Statements.
• Maryland Health Care CommissionThis site defines DRGs and pertinent administrative billing terms.
• Nursing WorldThis site posts a press release on the current nursing shortage. The site offers mechanisms to alleviate the current nursing shortage.
• Tribute to Virginia HendersonVirginia Henderson is an important historical nursing figure. She has left her imprint on modern nursing.
• American Holistic Nurses AssociationThis is the official Web site for the AHNA.
Copyright 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources
• From Novice to ExpertDiscussion on Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert theory
• US Society: Census and DemographicsThis site describes the U.S. population, age, racial and ethnic composition, and population growth.
• National League for Nurses Web SiteThis site defines the role of the NLN.
• American Association of the Colleges of NursingThis site defines the roles of the AACN.
