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JournalThe South African Reflexology Society

Issue 78 November 2016 – February 2017

The Lymphatic System

OUR OUR OUR OUR BRAIN’S BRAIN’S BRAIN’S BRAIN’S

DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL DISPOSAL SYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEMSYSTEM

and the Lymphatic Lymphatic Lymphatic Lymphatic

SystemSystemSystemSystemTHE LYMPHATIC THE LYMPHATIC THE LYMPHATIC THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND YOUR SYSTEM AND YOUR SYSTEM AND YOUR SYSTEM AND YOUR

IMMUNITYIMMUNITYIMMUNITYIMMUNITY

PLUS

Ruminations on Therapeutic Reflexology.

SPRING

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THE SOUTH AFRICAN REFLEXOLOGY SOCIETY [TSARS]THE SOUTH AFRICAN REFLEXOLOGY SOCIETY [TSARS]THE SOUTH AFRICAN REFLEXOLOGY SOCIETY [TSARS]THE SOUTH AFRICAN REFLEXOLOGY SOCIETY [TSARS]053053053053----289289289289----NPONPONPONPO

P.O. BOX 15070, PANORAMA 7560, WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICE BEARERS

National Chairperson

Maggie Roux

021 558 4013

082 771 2072

rouxwel@mweb.co.za

National Vice Chairperson

Marinda Nel

Tel: 011 970-2512

Cell: 0824614630

marindanel@absamail.co.za

National Treasurer

Lorna Smargiasso

012 567 3765

083 948 0712

lornas1@telkomsa.net

Committee Secretary

Lorna Smargiasso

012 567 3765

083 948 0712

lornas1@telkomsa.net

Additional Members

Fiona Consani (Stellenbosch Branch)

0825672045

fconsani@hotmail.com

Sharad Hansjee

071-239 4748

018-294 5581

sharadom@gmail.com

BRANCH CHAIRPERSONS

Stellenbosch

Marian de Jager

021 886 4682

082 783 9829

mariandejager@gmail.com

Cape Town

Janice Salthouse

021 782 3265

janicels@telkomsa.net

Durban

Anastasia Papaspiridis

076 813 5804

tasi@mweb.co.za

Gauteng

Pat Brown

082 950 5644

brownpath@gmail.com

Pretoria

Lyn de Visser

083 309 9725

lyn.devisser@gmail.com

Eastern Cape, Representative

Lorraine Greyling

082 -748 1653

loralee@absamail.co.za

AHPCSA: TR Council Member

Maggie Roux

PORTFOLIOS

ADMINISTRATION/CONSTITUTION/

DISCIPLINARY/LEGAL MATTERS

Maggie Roux

Lorna Smargiasso

CONGRESS

Anastasia Papaspiridis

EDUCATION

Sharad Hansjee

RESEARCH

Marian de Jager

CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL

DEVELOPMENT (CPD)

Maggie Roux

Lorna Smargiasso

FINANCE

Maggie Roux

Lorna Smargiasso

Janice Salthouse

MEDICAL PROCEDURE CODES

& TARIFFS

Lorna Smargiasso

PROFESSIONAL & PUBLIC

RELATIONS

Vacant

JOURNAL COMMITTEE

Pat Brown

Lorna Smargiasso

Marian de Jager (Ed.)

Sonya Olivier

Lay out

CONTACT TSARS NATIONAL OFFICE FOR

JOURNAL ENQUIRIES, CONTRIBUTIONS &

ADVERTISING

Zelda WelgemoedAdministration Officer

Tel: 021 558 9868Fax: 088-021-558-9868Email: info@sareflexology.org.za

TSARS Website:http//www.sareflexology.org.za

BANKING DETAILSThe SA Reflexology SocietyStandard Bank: Parow CentreBranch Code: 031110 Account no: 071 677 461

Disclaimer• The opinions expressed in this

publication are of each author and not necessarily endorsed by The S A Reflexology Society [TSARS].

• Advertisements are solely for the information of readers and are not endorsed by TSARS.

Guide to contributors• The submission of original articles [fully

referenced - if applicable], case studies, letters and photographs are welcomed.

• Material published in this Journal, including previously published articles, may not be reproduced without the permission of the original article’s author/publisher or TSARS.

• TSARS and the Journal Committee reserve the right to edit or reject articles/letters or contributions submitted for publication.

CPD Requirements• Articles/Case studies that comply with

the CPD requirements, i.e. relevant to the profession, will be considered for an issue decided upon by the Journal Committee as space and topics allow.

The National Executive Committee consists of elected office bearers, branch chairpersons and additional

members. Members serve in different portfolios so as to communicate, liaise on any matter relating to the

profession and members of the Society.

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Settle down and enjoy the articles. They carrythe basics of experience and information thatwill enlarge and enrich your viewpoint.

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Dear MembersDear MembersDear MembersDear Members

"

Beste RedaksieEk wil graag my waardering engelukwense op skrif sit vir diejongste Joernaal (no 77) wat ekpas deurgelees het. Ek voelregtig trots op dieinteressantheid en kwaliteit vandie artikels. Dit het so ‘n egterefleksologie-inslag. Mens sal niesommer in enige publikasie ofselfs die internet, die besondererefleksologie toepassing van dìespesifieke onderwerpe kan krynie.Dit gee die Joernaal 'n volwaar-dige plek onder die leesstofwaarvoor ons tyd afstaan.Ek besef die harde werk enmoeite wat daar ingaan om elkeuitgawe die lig te laat sien.Baie, baie dankie en hartlikgeluk!

Cornelia Kirsten

Answers to CPD Multiple Choice Questionnaire Journal Issue 77:

Activity 1: 1.True; 2. True; 3. False; 4. True; 5. True; 6. False; 7. False; 8. False 9. True; 10. True.

Activity 2: 1. True; 2. True; 3. True;4. True; 5. False; 6. True; 7. True; 8. True; 9. True; 10. False.

Thanks to all of you who participated in projectsduring World Reflexology Week. It is goodmarketing for our profession in general and foryou as therapists.

This issue is packed with new and excitingmaterial, namely articles from experts andpractitioners with an astonishing variety ofexpertise. They are experts in their own rightand and their articles need to be savoured andread slowly.

Everyone should read the article “The LymphaticSystem”. It is important for us to refresh andexpand our knowledge of anatomy, physiologyand pathology. To be up-to-date with this willgive us more self confidence in our profession.Otherwise patients will notice our lack ofknowledge. The drawing on page 9 gives us abird’s eye view of the lymphatic system of thebody.

In the article “The Lymphatic system and yourImmunity” by Jyoti Govind we find thediscussion of steps that a person can take toprevent lymphatic congestion.

I have learned quite a lot by reading the article“A closer look at the brain’s disposal system” byLiza Thomas.

There is much to learn but remember to giveyourself time to absorb it all, and also listen toyour own song that wells up from within. It isbetter to learn with an open heart than a closedone.

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From the Chairperson’s desk 5

News from the office 7

Pathophysiology • The Lymphatic System 9

By Ziets Roets

• Disorders of the Lymphatic System 13By Marian de Jager

• The Lymphatic System and your Immunity 14By Jyoti Govind

• A closer look at our Brain’s Disposal System 16By Liza Thomas

Research/Case Studies • Synapse discovery could lead to new

treatments for Alzheimer's disease 18

The Therapist• Ruminations on Therapeutic Reflexology 19

By Janice Salthouse

Alternative Therapies• Yoga and the Lymphatic System 20

By Natasia Cook• Applied Kinesiology 22

By Marian de Jager

General• SPRING: The Season of WOOD Energy and Resurrection 23

By Cornelia Kirsten

Nutrinews• Supporting the lymphatic system 28

By Fiona Consani

Book Review 30

CPD multiple choice questionnaire = 3 ceu’s

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From the

Chairperson’s Desk

PROCEDURE CODES & MEDICAL SCHEMES

Obtaining Procedure Codes is not just aboutpatients being able to claim from medicalschemes! It is also about medical schemesgiving this therapy professional status.

The focus of the Congress was on moving frompromoting treatments to relax the body totreatments that would make a contributiontowards a patient’s rehabilitation programmeand to become part of a national healthservice, for example by working in arehabilitation health care centre or aprimary health clinic.

REFLEXOLOGY INCORPORATED INHEALTHCARE

There are good reasons, i.e. not havingprocedure codes and legal restrictions, whytherapeutic reflexologists were so focused tooffer services from a private home or a hiredvenue. Here and there patients did requesttreatment while in a hospital.

In a recent document that I had compiled forTSARS so as to motivate why the service ofTherapeutic Reflexologists should be included inthe National Health Insurance Plan [NHI] forSouth Africa, I asked the questions - Where dowe come from and where are we going withthis profession? How could we convince theGovernment and medical professionals thattherapeutic reflexologists should be included inthe NHI?• In Denmark, Finland and Australia,

reflexology is part of the National HealthService

• In New Zealand the Reflexologists have theopportunity to work within a professionalsetting in a complementary or integratedmedical health centre.

Maggie Roux

TSARS National Chairperson

• In the United Kingdom qualifiedReflexologists may find formal employmentin Hospitals, Hospices, Clinics, Private HealthEstablishments and other Health Clubs,Holiday resorts etc.

• Reflexology is showing up in more and morehospitals in the United States Hospital-Based Integrative Medicine Program: e.g.Reflexology at Abbott Northwestern Hospitalin Minneapolis; the Cleveland Clinic; the St.Rita's Medical Centre in Lima, Ohio.

In South Africa over the last few years manynew rehabilitation centres have beenestablished where patients with stroke andother conditions are now being treated for amonth or three, if not more. The time hascome for us to actively promote our services torehabilitation and care centres.

The TSARS National Executive Committeediscussed a way forward and will give attentionto actions to promote this profession amongstprofessional associations and health carecentres.

At Congress we were made aware of thesuccesses by therapists working on stroke andother patients at healthcare centres andalthough Task Teams in the Branches will beformed to go and visit healthcare facilities tomake the profession known, it is up totherapists to actively promote themselves torehabilitation and care centres in their area.

We are still waiting for some medical schemesto respond to our submission of the procedurecodes, such as Gems, Medihelp, POLMED andMetropolitan Health.

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AHPCSA

After nine years serving as a TR Board memberI have now been elected to be a Councilmember for TR. A new five year term iswaiting!

To Mrs Sharon du Raan a word of thanks forserving 10 years as a TR Council member. MrsSharon du Raan in her term also served as theChairperson of Council. The first lady in thisposition!!

TSARS would like to wish Mrs du Raan the verybest for the future and we hope that she willkeep serving this profession in other capacities.

FESTIVE SEASON

As this is the last Journal for 2016may I thank you all for your supportand hard work on national andbranch level in 2016!

The Journal committee: Thank you,but a special word of appreciation toMarian de Jager, for taking theJournal to new levels with each issue.

To all members the very best for theFestive season and 2017!

MaggieMaggieMaggieMaggie RouxRouxRouxRouxTSARS NATIONAL CHAIRPERSON.

TSARS and other AHPCSA CPD activitiesClick on the following in www.ahpcsa.co.za

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) CPD Programme Register

Dankie vir die geleentheid om te konsaamgroei as Refleksologie-entoesias.Die kundigheid en inspirasie gedeel indie joernale is van onskatbare waardeen ek sal dit altyd as verwysing kanbenut. Dankie ook vir die waardevolleEtiesekode (The South AfricanReflexology Code of Ethics) wat dienas riglyn om integriteit vanProfessionele Refleksologie Praktisyneas Terapeute teenoor Pasiënte enPublisering/Praktyk-blootstelling, tehandhaaf. As B.Com gegradueerde(Universiteit Johannesburg RAU) engekwalifiseerde Eiendomspraktisyn,glo ek dat alle fundamentelebeginsels weerspieel/reflekteer inpraktyk, samelewing en individue soosdie lyne en karaktermerke op dieliggaam, gedagtes en gees. ‘n Menskan of ‘n bydrae lewer ten gunstevan ander, of skaad, ten kwade vanjou medemens – die vrugte of letselsblyk - die beginsels bly dieselfde. Selfhet ek geleer dat die ware genot vanhierdie dissipline steeds vir my in diegereelde be-oefening daarvan is.Wonderlike lewenservaring.

Vriendelike Voete-Groete

Jolanda

Welcome to new and reinstated members

Western Cape Town

Michell Parker Durbanville

GautengCarmen McCluskey-McNicol Krugersdorp

Kavina Baichar Bassonia

DearDearDearDear MembersMembersMembersMembers,,,,

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ZeldaZeldaZeldaZelda WWWWelgemoedelgemoedelgemoedelgemoedAdministration Officer

What an extraordinary year it has been! Asyou were informed in the previous journal, Ihad a stroke and camped in the rehabilitationhospital instead of camping in the MountainZebra and Karoo National Parks.

During my two months plus stay, I wasfortunate that members of the Stellenboschbranch gave me regular reflexology treatmentstwice a week. I would like to thank FionaConsani, Tracy Henry and Johanida Nel fortheir loving attention.

I also had physiotherapy and occupationaltherapy every day. Both these therapists andthe nursing staff were amazed at the progress Imade and which I attribute to reflexology. Iam pleased to say that I can now dress myselfand walk short distances with a crutch.

Thank you to all those members who sent theirwell wishes! I really appreciate it.

Membership Fees : Those few members whohave not yet paid their 2016 membership fees,please attend to this matter. Your outstandingbalances will reflect on your statements whichwere sent out in October. Some membershave a credit balance. This is also reflected onyour statements. Please take note of this.

For all payments, please use your name andsurname as reference as this facilitates theadministration.

MCQs : Please do not try and change yourpassword. The system is set up in such a waythat it only accepts the original password whichyou were issued with. If you have forgotten it,please contact me directly for assistance.

Only members who have paid their fees willreceive certificates for MCQ, from Novemberissue. Don’t wait until the deadline beforesending in your answers.

Seasonal wishes and happy holidays! And maymany feet pass over your threshold in the newyear!

Groetnis!

Balance

The mind sees with clarityWhen the heart is open to speakIt delights in the freedom

To flow with loveTo grow in depthTo expand in space

Each moment is a bud waiting to bloomEach space of silenceThe grace to full experience

Nourishment is love in full expressionPleasure the inner smile which encompassesall lifePeace that point of balance that harmonises all actions

Misha Frankel

The next Journal Issues will focus on:

Issue 79: Urinary systemIssue 80: Cardiovascular systemIssue 81: The Skin

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The Lymphatic System

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The lymphatic system is a one-way drainagesystem (blind ended vessels) that returns fluidto the vascular circulation via a network oflymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Some liedeep within the body, others close to the skin –3mm below the skin, subcutaneously andsuprafascially.

The lymphatic system has an important role toplay in maintaining fluid balance. It transportsfats, proteins and cell fragments and providesan immune response.

White cells (lymphocytes) are produced in thelymph nodes and they help fight off invadingpathogens. The main function of the lymphaticsis to help the resorption of interstitial fluid intothe blood circulation.

A balance, or equilibrium is reached when fluidand waste products are removed from thetissues as quickly as they are produced.

Lymphatics sit wherever there is an orifice andwhere there is a risk of infection.

Epidermis

Blood capillaryInitial lymphatic

An initial lymphatic in the dermis

Lymphedema

A. DefinitionLymphedema is an abnormal, long term swelling of part/s of the body caused by a collection of lymphatic fluid in the tissues below the skin. It occurs when there is a dysfunction in the lymphatic system. (LAOSA definition)

ICD 10- I 89.0 I 97.2 Q 82.0

B. Lymphedema Classification1. Primary Lymphedema2. Secondary Lymphedema

1. Primary Lymphedema

a. Definition: congenital abnormality (dysplasia) of the lymphatic system.

b. Types of Dysplasia

• Hypoplasia – an incomplete development of lymph vessels before birth. The mostcommon form of primary lymphedema. If it develops before 35yrs of age –Lymphedema Praecox or Meige’s Disease.After 35 years – Lymphedema Tarda.

• Hyperplasia. Sloppy lymph vessels withincompetent valves and vessels are larger in diameter. It leads to reflux of lymph.

• Aplasia. Anatomical abnormality: absence oflymph capillaries, collectors or nodes.

• Fibrosis of inguinal lymph nodes, known as Kinmonth syndrome.

c. Presentation

• Hypoplasia – there may be incomplete development of lymph vessels, or the number may be reduced and the diameter may be smaller

• Hyperplasia – an absence of lymph capillaries, collectors, or nodes

• Fibrosis of inguinal lymph nodes – KinmonthSyndrome

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d. Classification – age of onset.• Congenital / Milroy’s Disease – within the

first 2 years of life.

• Lymphedema Praecox / Meige’s Disease -before 35yrs old.

• Lymphedema Tarda – after 35yrs old.

2. Secondary Lymphedema

a. Definition

Lymphedema that is caused by damage to or obstruction of the normal lymph system. The original development of the lymphsystem was normal.

b. Possible causes

Surgery and post-surgical scarring, eg.hysterectomyTumorTraumaCancer, breast, bladder, uterineCellulitis or untreated wounds and infectionsRadiation therapyDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT),thrombophlebitisVein stripping (Trendellenburg operation) orharvestingChronic Venous InsufficiencyObesity (pannus) and immobilityCongestive cardiac failureFamily history of swollen limbsRenal failure or insufficiency

c. Worldwide Etiologies

• Filariasis/ elephantiasis – most common cause of secondary lymphedema worldwide.Caused by nematodes that live in the humanlymph system and are transmitted bymosquitoes, from one person to another.More than 120 million people affected Haiti Project WAWLC & ILWTI.

• PodoconiosisEthiopia Project WAWLC & ILWTICaused by mechanicaltrauma from glass-likeparticles in the soil andrepeated exposure toirritant red clay soil.

3. Stages

Stage 0Lymph transport is impaired, but swelling is notevident and it may exist for years before signsand symptoms can be detected. The latencyphase

Stage 1Accumulation of tissue fluid that reduces withlimb elevation (usually overnight) and exercise.Edema may be pitting. Reversible stage, softedema. No skin or tissue changes

Stage 2Pitting edema present and limb elevation alonedoes not reduce edema. Positive Stemmer’ssign. A complication is frequent infections.In late Stage 2 – skin or tissue changesbecause of hardening (fibrosis). Non-pittingSkin changes include hyperkeratosis –thickening of the stratum corneum whichcauses thick, waxy, scaly skin. Varies in colourfrom yellow to brown.

Stage 3Fibrosis is more evident and there may or maynot be pitting or a large amount of edema.Enhanced skin folds caused by over-stretchingof skin due to edema.HyperkeratosisPapillomatosis – blind-ended superficial lymphvessels swell due to back pressure and protrudethrough the skin.

Infant with Milroy's Disease

4. Severitya. Minimal – less than 20% increase in

volume of a limbb. Moderate – 20% - 40% increase in volumec. Severe – more than 40% increase in

volume

Stage lymphedema and the severity of lymphedema within each stageExample: Severe, Stage 3 lymphedema; or Moderate, Stage 2 lymphedema.

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C. Potential Complications

• Cellulitis - infection of the skin and softtissue. Redness, swelling pain, systemicsymptoms such as fever. A medicalemergency and systemic antibiotic isneeded, usually intravenously. Caused bybacterial infiltration of the stagnant protein-rich fluid.

• Lymphangiosarcoma. Chronic lymphedemawhich becomes malignant. Bruisedappearance that erupts into an ulcer withcrusting and extensive tissue death.Metastasis. Urgent referral for medicaldiagnosis.

• Lymphangitis. ‘Blood poisoning’ – inflamma-tion of a lymph vessel and seen as a red linerunning along a limb.

• Non-healing wounds, especially withsecondary lymphedema.

• ‘Cording’ or Axillary Web Syndrome. A visibleand palpable ‘web’ of cord-like tissue thatmay extend from the axilla to the hand oralong the anterior chest wall. This is painfuland limits the Range of Motion (ROM).

Lymphangiosarcoma 1

1. Assessment

• Edema Questionaire• Stemmer’s Test. Try to pinch and lift the

skin at the base of the 2nd toe or finger on the dorsum. If the skin cannot be lifted –positive Stemmer’s sign. Indicates lymphedema and is never falsely positive. Caused by fibrosis. A clinically diagnostic tool.

• Negative Stemmer’s sign – the skin can be pinched and lifted, but may be falsely negative because it does not exclude lymphedema

2. Circumferential Girth Measurements

3. Pitting and Rebound

4. Texture

5. Changes in Texture

Special Tests:1. Lymphoscintigraphy2. Lymphography3. Computed Tomography4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging5. Bioimpedance

Treatment

Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT)Manual Lymph DrainageMulti-layer Compression BandagingSkin and Nail CareRemedial (therapeutic) Exercise and self-massageCompression Garments and Night DevicesPatient EducationHome Care – self-management

Phases of TreatmentPhase 1. Acute/Decongestive PhasePhase 2. Maintenance/Preservation/

Rehabilitation PhasePhase 3. Repetition of Phase 1

Indications for CDT• Lymphedema

Contraindications• Untreated cellulitis• Acute congestive cardiac failure• Acute DVT (deep vein thrombosis)

Precautions• Compensated congestive cardiac failure• Peripheral neuropathy• Arterial insufficiency• Cognitive impairment

Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT) Failure• Patient : default, active malignancy• Therapist – incorrect diagnosis• Inadequate treatment – poor MLD

technique, improper bandaging technique, non-adherence to CDT protocol

Risk Reduction Practices• Skin care: Nails short, avoid biting nails or

picking at skin. Protect against sunburn andinsect bites, animal scratches. Keep skinmoisturised. Use pH balanced soap. Daily skininspection if no bandaging, check betweentoes and fingers and in skin folds.

• Lifestyle: maintain optimal weight and doregular exercise to maintain ROM

• Avoid limb constriction. Wear loose-fittingclothes and jewellery. Avoid jewellery that cancatch and scratch. Avoid having bloodpressure being taken on the side of theaffected limb.

• Good fitting shoes for lower limb edema. Useanti-fungal foot powder

• Extremes of body temperature can overloadthe lymphatic system

• Travel: wear well-fitting compressiongarments for road and air travel. Have stopsat frequent intervals if possible to stretch andwalk

• Be vigilant of signs of an infection in theaffected limb and have early preventativetreatment

• Injury to the affected limb. Wash any breaksin the skin immediately and apply an antisepticointment.

• Avoid any procedure that could puncture theskin on the lymphedematous limb, eg.acupuncture, injections, scarification

• Do not carry handbags and shopping bagsover a lymphedematous arm

Best PracticeFor home study:ILF (International Lymphedema Framework) Best Practice documents• Best Practice for the Management of

Lymphoedema• The Management of Lymphoedema in Ad-

vanced Cancer and Oedema at the end of Life• Best Practice: Surgical Intervention: A position

Document on surgery for Lymphoedema• ILF Focus Document: Care of Children with

Lymphoedema

Role of the Therapeutic Reflexologist• Do not treat any swelling of the body

without a proper diagnosis.• Refer to a practitioner who is competent to

diagnose swellings of the body.• Be vigilant of unusual swellings and advise

the client that it may be lymphedema.Record complaints such as rings that are tootight or shoes that leave a ridge on thedorsum of the foot.

• Record the advice given – elevation,exercise, referral, weight management

• Do meticulous skin inspection and recordany lesions.

• Lymph drainage therapy is a gentletechnique similar to stroking a cat.

• MLD is always done from proximal to distalto clear the pathways

• Do not apply compression bandages. Referto a specialist who can do doppler studiesand is acquainted with compressiontechniques.

• Apply emollients downward to avoid blockingof follicles to reduce the incidence offolliculitis.

• Avoid using devices that can injure thefragile and superficial lymphatics, such assuction cups or wooden rollers.

Reference:• CLWT Lymphedema Specialist Manual Pg 85.

Robyn Bjork. 2013• Skills for Practice. Management of Chronic

oedema in the Community. Wounds UK, Aberdeen, 2009

• ACTIVA®: Compression Hosiery Training manual. Pg 6. National Pharmacy Association (UK)

• A Guide to Lymphoedema. Pamphlet of LAOSA (Lymphoedema Association of South Africa)

• The Forgotten Lymphatic System VodderConcept. Training Manual for Registered Therapeutic Aromatherapists . Donnee Ness, Manip. Physiotherapist. 2009

• https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2014090410014061

• From the 2010 revision of the Complete Home Medical Guide © Dorling Kindersley Limited.

Fluid Drainage: How It Works

http://www.womens-health-advice.com/lymphatic-system.html

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Disorders of the Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system consists of a network ofhollow tubes that carry a protein-rich fluid calledlymph. This system also includes lymph nodes,clusters of immune system cells that protect thebody from infections. In addition to itsprotective role, the lymphatic system isessential for returning vital proteins and fluid tothe bloodstream. Many types of diseases canaffect the lymphatic system, but obstructiveconditions, infections and cancer are the mostcommon. Rarely, structural or functionalproblems may arise.

It is not surprising that many infectious diseasesproduce symptoms associated with thelymphatic system, because the lymphaticsystem is involved with the production oflymphocytes that fight infectious disease, andthe lymphatic system filters blood and lymph toremove microorganisms.

1. Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of thelymph nodes, which causes them to becomeenlarged and tender. It is an indication thatmicroorganisms are being trapped anddestroyed within the lymph nodes.Sometimes the lymphatic vessels becomeinflamed to produce lymphangitis. This ischaracterized by certain inflammatoryconditions of the skin caused by bacterialinfections. Thin red lines may be observedrunning along the course of the lymphaticvessels in the affected area, accompaniedby painful enlargement of the nearby lymphnodes. This often results in visible redstreaks in the skin that extend away fromthe site of infection. If the microorganismspass through the lymphatic vessels andnodes to reach the blood, septicaemia, orblood poisoning, can result.

2. Bubonic plague and elephantiasis arediseases of the lymphatic system. In thesixth, fourteenth, and nineteenth centuriesthe bubonic plague killed large numbers ofpeople. Fortunately there are relatively fewcases today.

Bubonic plague is caused by bacteria thatare transferred to humans from rats by thebite of the rat flea. The bacteria localize inthe lymph nodes, causing the lymph nodesto enlarge. The term bubonic is derivedfrom a Greek word referring to the groinbecause the disease often causes theinguinal lymph nodes of the groin to swell.Without treatment, the bacteria enter theblood, multiply, and infect tissues throughoutthe body, rapidly causing death in 70% to90% of those infected.

3. Elephantiasis is caused by long, slenderroundworms. The adult worms lodge in thelymphatic vessels and cause blockage oflymph flow. The accumulation of fluid in theinterstitial spaces and lymphatic vessels thatresults can cause permanent swelling andenlargement of a limb. The affected limbsupposedly resembles an elephant's leg,providing the basis for the name of thedisease. The offspring of the adult wormspass through the lymphatic system into theblood, from which they can be transferred toanother human by mosquitoes.

4. A lymphoma is a neoplasm (tumor) oflymphatic tissue. Lymphomas are usuallydivided into two groups: (1) Hodgkin'sdisease, and (2) all other lymphomas, whichare called non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.Typically, lymphomas begin as an enlarged,painless mass of lymph nodes. The immunesystem is depressed, and the patient has anincreased susceptibility to infections.Enlargement of the lymph nodes can alsocompress surrounding structures andproduce complications. Fortunately,treatment with drugs and radiation iseffective for many people who suffer fromlymphoma.

Reference:http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/vander/student/olc/l-reading2.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphangitis

By Marian de JagerBy Marian de JagerBy Marian de JagerBy Marian de Jager

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THE THE THE THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

AND AND AND AND YOUR YOUR YOUR YOUR IMMUNITYIMMUNITYIMMUNITYIMMUNITY

ympha in Latin means clear water. Thelymphatic system consists of 1.5 litresclear, watery fluid (lymph), lymphatic

vessels that conduct the lymph, lymph tissueorganized in lymph nodes & nodules, thymus,bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, appendix andPeyer’s patches in the small intestines.

The lymphatic system is responsible forcollecting and returning of interstitial fluid to thecirculatory system, including plasma proteinsthat have leaked from the blood vascularsystem. It also transports dietary fat, protectsthe body against invasions by providing thewhite blood cells and removes foreignsubstances from the body. This is a vital part ofthe body’s immune system. Without thissystem our cardiovascular system wouldstop functioning. It also plays an importanthomeostatic role in maintaining the fluidbalance between the blood and intestinal fluidswithin the body.

Plasma leaves the body’s cell once it hasdelivered its nutrients and removed debris. Mostof this fluid returns to the venous circulationthrough tiny blood vessels and continues asvenous blood while the remainder becomes thelymph. Unlike blood, which flows through thebody in a continuous loop, lymph only flows inone direction-up towards the neck, because ofthe valves within the lymphatics that do notallow fluid to flow backwards. This is thendrained into the right lymphatic duct and thethoracic duct, returning fluid to circulationthrough the right and left subclavian veins.

This system transports lymph containing whiteblood cells through to the lymph nodes. Lymphnodes contain a mesh of tissue (like a sieve) inwhich lymphocytes are tightly packed, throughwhich harmful substances are filtered out andattacked by lymphocytes and microphages, andfluid returned back to the bloodstream. Lymphfluid is a lot thinner than blood enabling it topenetrate the most difficult parts of the bodysuch as joints and ligaments. If concentration ofwaste in tissue and lymph is high, the cells willnot be able to effectively eliminate metabolicwaste and the toxins move back into the fluidthrough osmosis. An accumulation of toxins inthe cells and tissues, cause rapid tissuepoisoning, cellular starvation and suffocation.This means glands and tissue start to swell withtoxins, causing pain and inflammation of thoseareas.

Your body is like a sponge and can becomesaturated with stagnant lymph resulting inchronic illness. The absorption from thelymphatic system takes place near the spine,any problems with the spine would mean thatthere is not a proper interchange betweenblood and lymph.

The movement of lymph fluid is slow andcompletely dependent on the contractionsof skeletal muscles, peristalticmovements, respiratory movements,arteries pulsating or whenever bodytissue is compressed, enhancing the flow oflymph fluid. Thus being physically active, takingproper exercise, breathing and manual massageis most essential in creating a flow of lymphfluid, thereby releasing toxic waste.

It is important that your blood remains at aconstant pH of 7.4 and its cousin the 1.5 litresof lymph fluid should also be the same, a pH of7.4 (alkaline). But this tends to varyconsiderably because of our nutritional habitsthus leading to illness and disease. Anyone whosuffers from cancer or any degenerative diseaseis around 6.5pH (acid) – much lower than whatit should be. Also every time a lymphatic tissueor gland is removed, the body has to find someother means to get rid of toxins, which leads tofeeding of growths or tumours, cysts and boils(indicates poor immune functioning).

By Jyoti Govind

L

15

A major factor contributing to lymphaticsystem overload is weakness in theeliminating organs. Lymph can also picktissues in the body causing localized infections,aches and pains. To cleanse your lymph,you need to cleanse your body, to cleanseyour body you need to detoxify yourentire digestive system. Problems in thelymphatic system often go together with eatingproblems. Bad and too much food creates anincreased pressure in the abdomen and groinareas and stops peristaltic movements and flowback of lymph. To maintain a healthy cleansystem you need to avoid consuming toxicchemicals and plastic foods, adopt goodnutritional habits, drink plenty of pure filteredwater and breathe deeply to maximumcapacity.

The pH of our bodily fluids should be slightlyalkaline at around 7.5pH. This allows the bodyto maintain itself in a healthy, balanced state.When your pH drops to an acidic level, yourhealth can start to deteriorate. Acidity is knownto cause conditions such as toxicity, skinproblems, irritable bowel, Candida, weightproblems, auto-immune conditions, etc.

Most importantly, a course of manuallymphatic drainage massage treatmentson a regular basis to facilitate healing especiallyif you have any illness or have been ill on arecurring basis. As Therapeutic Reflexologistyou are able to stimulate the lymphaticdrainage on the feet by working deep into thelymphatic reflexes as the lymph vessels liebeneath the intestines. This pressure makes theabdominal fluids move.

By working the lymphatics in this way, areduction in oedema and its accompanyingdiscomforts is experienced - creating a betterflow-back of bodily fluids and more drainagethrough the kidneys. The improved circulationand drainage creates a greater purity of bodilyfluids which increases immunity andimprovement in mucous membrane complaints.This also makes space in the tissues andpromotes better cell metabolism leading tohealthier and warmer feet. Reflexology also hasa positive effect on the body’s relaxation.

Other things that a person can do to preventlymphatic congestion are:

• Fast or brisk walking taking in deep breathswhile swinging the arms to squeeze thelymph nodes.

• Jumping or bouncing on a trampoline for 20minutes twice a day.

• Regular dry skin brushing towards theheart, promotes better flow of lymph.

• Abdominal/diaphragm deep breathing.

A person with a congested lymphatic systemshould eliminate all junk foods, wheat andsimple carbohydrates, and sugars fromtheir daily diets. Concentrating mainly ongreen leafy vegetables, watercress, celery, okraand apples. Chlorophyll is very cleansing forthe lymphatic system. Both chlorella andspirulina are high in chlorophyll and helpdetoxify tissues.

References• HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY- Robert

Carola & Charles R Noback• SIMPLE LIVING – Jyoti Govind• ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY HIGHER GRADE –

Dr. Nadine Muller

Lymph Capillaries in the Tissue Spaces

The collecting vessels of the lymphatic system are interrupted by lymph nodes.

These are especiallyabundant in the

• groin• armpits• abdomen and• neck.

http://www.biology-pages.info

Lymph Nodesinterrupted by lymph

16

A CLOSER LOOK AT OUR

DISPOSAL SYSTEM

By Liza Thomas By Liza Thomas By Liza Thomas By Liza Thomas

Intrigued by the fact that there were noobvious lymphatic vessels in the brain, Dr.Maiken Nedergaard, Jeffrey Iliff and theircolleagues at the University of RochesterMedical Centre, New York, began theirresearch. “It seemed strange that such animportant and active organ wouldn’t have aspecialised waste-removal system,” says Iliff.

The researchers added fluorescent andradioactive tracers to the cerebrospinal fluid oflive mice, which spread rapidly throughout theirbrains. The movement of the tracers weremonitored in real-time using two-photonmicroscopy which enabled the researchers totrack the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fluidpermeated the entire brain via a network of“pipes”, similar to the lymphatic system,surrounding the blood vessels. Iliff and histeam named this new network the glymphaticsystem because of the importance of the glialcells and the resemblance to the lymphaticsystem.

Glial cells, called astrocytes use projectionsknown as “end feet”. These form a network ofconduits around the outside of the arteries andveins inside the brain. These end feet are filledwith aquaporins, or water channels, that moveCFS through the brain.

It was found that the CSF flows along thesechannels, then permeates through brain tissuebefore collecting in channels and draining fromthe brain. The shrinking and swelling of theGlial cells control the flow of CSF through theglymphatic system.

Researchers treated mice with drugs that blocknoradrenaline which induced a sleep-like stateand increased brain fluid flow which suggests amolecular connection between the sleep-wakecycle and the brain’s cleaning system.

“These findings have significant implications fortreating ‘dirty brain’ diseases like Alzheimer’s,”Nedergaard says. “Understanding precisely howand when the brain activates the glymphaticsystem and clears waste is a critical first step inefforts to potentially modulate this system andmake it work more efficiently.”

Their studies found that the glymphatic systemramps during sleep and removes unwantedextracellular fluids and other substances,including amyloid-beta (a peptide thataccumulates in the brain of people withAlzheimer’s). The researchers found that thewaste is flushed from the brain via largedrainage veins and when analysed, 55 per centof the waste included amyloid-beta.

“Removing waste is as vital to organ function asreceiving nutrients,” says Iliff. “So the failure ofthe glymphatic system is probably involved inmany disease states - for example, Alzheimer’swith its hallmark accumulation of amyloid-beta.”

The glymphatic system works on hydraulicprinciples and therefore the system breaks uponopening, making it hard to identify outside livingorganisms.

17

“It’s a hydraulic system,” said Nedergaard.“Once you open it, you break the connections,and it cannot be studied. We are lucky enoughto have technology now that allows us to studythe system intact, to see it in operation.”

Vesa Kiviniemi of the University of Oulu inFinland and his colleagues have developed aform of MRI scanning that takes 20 times asmany photos per second and with this highresolution they have managed to follow thebiological waste as it is flushed through theglymphatic system in people.

It was originally thought that the pulsing bloodthrough the arteries in the brain provided thenecessary force to push waste through theglymphatic system but the scans have revealedthat other forces are also involved in thiselimination process. It appears that the musclecells around the blood vessels seem to give anextra squeeze and that our lungs are alsoinvolved as well. Pressure changes in our chestwhen we breathe in seem to help draw thewaste through the glymphatic system. “Itskind-of sucking the glymph out of the brain,”says Kiviniemi.

In experiments still to be published, Kiviniemiand his team have found that the pulsing ofwaste in two people with Alzheimer’s diseaseappears to be subtly different from that seen inpeople without the condition.

Further studies from Nedergaard’s group showthat body posture during sleep affects theefficiency of the glymphatic system’s wasteelimination. Again, through the use offluorescence microscopy and radioactivetracing, the team showed that drainage of thecerebrospinal fluid was more effective in micelying on their sides compared to those lying ontheir back or standing up.

Lead study author Dr. Maiken Nedergaardsummarizes in a statement: “the restorativenature of sleep appears to be the result of theactive clearance of the by-products of neuralactivity that accumulate during wakefulness.”

References:• https://www.theguardian.com/science/neurophilosop

hy/2015/aug/22/how-to-optimise-your-brains-waste-disposal-system

• https://www.bulletproofexec.com/what-is-glymphatic-system-brain-detox-sleep/

• https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/news/story/3584/scientists-discover-previously-unknown-cleansing-system-in-brain.aspx

• https://www.newscientist.com/• https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-

matters/how-sleep-clears-brain-----------------------

The human brain weighs only about threepounds, or roughly 2 percent of the averageadult body mass. Yet its cells consume 20 to25 percent of the body's total energy. In theprocess, inordinate amounts of potentiallytoxic protein wastes and biological debris aregenerated. Each day, the adult braineliminates seven grams of worn-out proteinsthat must be replaced with newly madeones, a figure that translates into thereplacement of about half a pound ofdetritus a month and nearly six pounds,twice the brain’s own weight, over thecourse of a year.https://www.scientificamerican.com

“Your Brain can grow new brain cells(neurons) in a process called neurogenesis.”John Assaraf

• Your brain contains approximately 100billion neurons. Each neuron links to asmany as 10,000 other neurons.

• If you could line up all the neurons in yourbody end to end, they would stretchalmost 600 miles.

• More than 30,000 neurons can fit on thehead of a pin.

http://idahoptv.org/sciencetrek/topics/brain/facts.

18

Synapse Synapse Synapse Synapse discoverydiscoverydiscoverydiscovery

could could could could lead to new lead to new lead to new lead to new

treatments for treatments for treatments for treatments for

Alzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer's diseaseScientists have discovered howconnections between brain cells aredestroyed in the early stages ofAlzheimer's disease

Date: November 27, 2015Source: University of New South WalesSummary: A team of scientists hasdiscovered how connections between braincells are destroyed in the early stages ofAlzheimer's disease -- work that opens up anew avenue for research on possibletreatments for the degenerative braincondition.-------------------------------------------------------A team of researchers led by UNSW Australiascientists has discovered how connectionsbetween brain cells are destroyed in theearly stages of Alzheimer's disease -- workthat opens up a new avenue for research onpossible treatments for the degenerativebrain condition.

"One of the first signs of Alzheimer's diseaseis the loss of synapses -- the structures thatconnect neurons in the brain," says studyleader, Dr Vladimir Sytnyk, of the UNSWSchool of Biotechnology and BiomolecularSciences.

"Synapses are required for all brainfunctions, and particularly for learning andforming memories. In Alzheimer's disease,this loss of synapses occurs very early on,when people still only have mild cognitiveimpairment, and long before the nerve cellsthemselves die.

"We have identified a new molecularmechanism which directly contributes to thissynapse loss -- a discovery we hope couldeventually lead to earlier diagnosis of thedisease and new treatments."

The team studied a protein in the brain calledneural cell adhesion molecule 2, or NCAM2 --one of a family of molecules that physicallyconnects the membranes of synapses andhelps stabilise these long lasting synapticcontacts between neurons.

Using post-mortem brain tissue from peoplewith and without the condition, they discoveredthat synaptic NCAM2 levels in the part of thebrain known as the hippocampus were low inthose with Alzheimer's disease.

They also showed in mice studies and in thelaboratory that NCAM2 was broken down byanother protein called beta-amyloid, which isthe main component of the plaques that buildup in the brains of people with the disease.

"Our research shows the loss of synapses islinked to the loss of NCAM2 as a result of thetoxic effects of beta-amyloid," says Dr Sytnyk.

"It opens up a new avenue for research onpossible treatments that can prevent thedestruction of NCAM2 in the brain.“----------------------------------------------------------Story Source: The above post is reprinted frommaterials provided by University of New SouthWales. The original item was written by DeborahSmith. Note: Materials may be edited for contentand length.

10 10 10 10 Warning Signs of Alzheimer's Warning Signs of Alzheimer's Warning Signs of Alzheimer's Warning Signs of Alzheimer's DiseaseDiseaseDiseaseDiseaseMemory Changes

Withdrawal From Usual ActivitiesDisorientation to Time or Place

Visual-Spatial DifficultiesDecrease in Written or Verbal Communication Ability

Challenges in Problem-Solving and PlanningMisplacing Items Frequently

Decline in JudgmentDifficulty Performing Familiar Tasks

19

Ruminations on Therapeutic Reflexology.

By Janice Salthouse

Sitting at the AGM this year, I wondered howmany therapists attending were still onlypractising reflexology on the feet. And howmany therapists were practising reflexology fulltime without other modalities.

Of the 25 years that I have been practisingreflexology, it has been one continuous learningprocess. And although I have added comple-mentary knowledge to my under- standing ofhealth; it fascinates me to see how the body islinked. The other fascinating observation is howoften the foot is represented in the body.

In the beginning of my studies I read a quotefrom one of my books – ‘ AS ON TOP, SOBELOW; AS IN FRONT, SO BEHIND’. Thesewords made me think of how I could apply thisto reflexology and work out what they mean.Quite a revelation!

Attending anatomy lectures; studying differentanatomy books and theories; attending BodyWorld exhibitions; drawing the body and itsorgans and bones and structure, studyingMeridian lines, have all shown me that we canuse the whole body to make a connection forclearing an imbalance.

The head in itself, for instance has major pointsto use in the relaxation of tense muscles in thebody – right down the back, back of the legsand the feet.

The face has meridian points that connect allthe organs and the whole body is thereforerepresented on the face.

The ear is in the shape of a foetus/body withthe reflexes of the entire body in miniature.

The sad part of seeing all this, is themisconception that we can/should only work onthe feet or the hands.

Our initial map of the feet shows us that ourbody is represented under the feet – one of thebest charts that I have seen is from HanneMarquardt and I was very privileged to havemet this marvellous lady at one of ourCongresses.

In reading what I have written, does it notmake you think that if these reflexes are underthe feet, then surely they must be reflectedelsewhere in the body as well? Because wehave a circle of life, a circle of energy mustexist within our human microcosm. Therecannot be a sudden ending of reflexes underthe feet or the hands.

The most important thing I have learnt as aBranch Chairperson is that we all haveknowledge to share and what better way thanby earning you ceu’s and educating yourselfmore. We never ever will know everythingabout the human body, so do not stop studyingit. Carry on the study of anatomy, the systemsand their functions. Revise and repeat!

Reflexologists need to attend branch meetingsand listen to lectures – the more you attend,even if it is the same body system or title thatyou think you have heard before..... there willalways be something new that somebody elsehas discovered or treated or has knowledge of.

I hope this will be a motivation for everyone tobring the initial studies back into branches andmake the connections in an interesting andfulfilling way which will bring you more interestin your daily treatments.

Therapeutic Reflexology is one of the mostpowerful forms of healing ever, as we actuallywork with the body in its entire connectedness.Open your minds and see the wonder of howdifferent reflexology methods and techniqueswork.

20

Yoga and the Lymphatic System

By Natasia Cook

Yoga is a way to practise self-help (and self-care) when other options are not available.The ancient discipline and science of yogaoriginated around 5000 years ago in India.Initially developed as a way to make the bodystrong and flexible enough to sit in meditationfor long periods, it has evolved to includepranayama (breath extension), approximately84 000 asanas (poses) and the wholephilosophy, which is vast.

Yoga comes from the Sanskrit word ‘yuj’ whichmeans ‘to yoke’ or ‘union’. A fitting descriptionfor a practice that engages the body in focusedactivity (poses) to access the powerful,quietening effect of the breath on the busymind, in order to balance body, mind andspirit. Although essentially a spiritual (notreligious) practice, many people take up yogato enjoy the numerous physical and mentalbenefits. It is the physical benefits that I willaddress here, with specific focus on thelymphatic system.

Through its ability to enhance lung capacity,calm the mind and nervous system, strengthenand stretch the muscles, stimulate the joints,glands, and organs and build balance, bonedensity and body awareness, yoga is truly aholistic healing system. When practising yogathe whole body is moved, stretched, twisted,inverted and toned. This has an advantageouseffect on the lymphatic system and, byextension, the immune system. Medicalprofessionals in exercise physiology, such asDr Bryant Stamford state that “any form ofexercise that uses major muscle groups anddeep breathing will encourage lymph flow”(Courier-Journal, Kentucky, 2003). Yoga doesthis very well.

Lymph fluid is not pumped through the bodylike blood; it is moved through the channels(capillaries) mostly by muscular contraction.The movement of lymph is also affected bygravity. Therefore, any time your head isbelow the heart, such as in forward folds orinverted poses, lymph moves to the lowerregions such as the respiratory organs.

When you return to an upright position, gravitydrains the lymph which is moved through thelymph nodes, triggering an immune response ifneeded, (such as when antigens are present inthe lymph fluid). It is particularly helpful forthose with sedentary lifestyles or occupations.In poses where the legs are raised it alleviatesswelling and discomfort from a range ofconditions, through the enhanced circulationand effect of gravity on the lymphatic channels.

The lymphatic system comprises the spleen,thymus, tonsils, adenoids, bone marrow and anetwork of lymph nodes throughout the body inthe neck, armpits, chest, abdomen and groin.It is linked by lymph vessels. Lymphatic tissueis also found in other areas such as thestomach, intestines and skin.

Some of the pathways of the lymphatic systemcan be seen in the image below:

In yoga, there are several poses (asanas) whichare beneficial in treating the lymphatic system,notably inverted poses, forward folding posesand those which stimulate the various glands.Examples of beneficial poses are Uttanasana(standing forward fold), Salamba Sarvangasana(supported shoulder stand - not recommendedfor those with hypertension, glaucoma or duringpregnancy) and Viparita Karani (legs up the wallpose – also known as the fountain of youth).Halasana (Plough pose – lying on back with feetbehind head) and Sasangasana (rabbit pose –rounded forward fold on knees with crown ofhead on floor) are also very helpful.

21

Uttanasana (standing forward fold)

Viparita Karani (legs up the wall pose)

Halasana (Plough pose)

Salamba Sarvangasana (Supported shoulder stand)

Sasangasana (Rabbit pose)

Recent research by neuroscientists at theUniversity of Virginia (USA) has foundpreviously unnoticed lymph vessels in the brainarea, thus linking the brain and lymphaticsystem. This was presented at the LipoedemaConference UK in 2015. Apparently thediscovery of these vessels, situated justbeneath the skull, could pave the way for newapproaches to treating brain diseases. Theresearch could help to explain links betweenpoor physical health and brain disorders such asAlzheimer’s, MS (Multiple Sclerosis), Meningitisand depression, since poorly working lymphaticvessels would fail to drain protein particles andother toxins from the brain. So now there is alymphatic system for the central nervoussystem which previously wasn’t thought to bethe case!

Newly discovered lymphatic vessels on right in green.

Yogis have long known the health benefits ofthe practice and inversions in particular, whichare indicated for rejuvenating the brain. Thereis much to be gained from the practice of yoga,and in conjunction with other modalities suchas Reflexology, one can support and encouragea healthier, more balanced state of health andwellbeing. After all; without one’s health, allelse is trivial.

Reference and images:http://www.yogajournal.comhttp://www.gaia.comhttp://lymphaticyogaexpert.comhttp://www.cancer.cahttp://www.yoganonymous.comhttp://www.yogabasics.com

22

What is Applied Kinesiology?

Applied Kinesiology is a type of alternativemedicine assessment and treatment developedby chiropractor George Goodheart, Jr. It is astrength resistance test based on the physicalconnection between muscles, glands andorgans. Muscle strength is tested and thestrength of the muscle is said to be related tothe health of the organ or area of the bodybeing tested.

It is based on the philosophies of other holisticalternative therapies, including osteopathy,chiropractic, meridian therapy, and physicalmanipulation.

Each movement has an active muscle that is"on" and an opposing muscle that turns "off".Muscular imbalances are corrected usingmanual pressure on the muscle as well as othertechniques.

Conditions Treated

Applied kinesiology is used by thechiropractic profession to treatstructural imbalances andmuscle and joint problems.It is also used as an indicatorof organ dysfunction.

For example, the deltoid muscle is believed tobe related to the lungs, so a muscle test on thedeltoid muscle is an indicator of the health ofthe lungs. If the muscle is weak due to achronic infection, the kinesiologist would likelyuse techniques to stimulate blood and nervefunction, lymphatic drainage, and acupunctureenergy. When the illness is resolved, the deltoidmuscle would have improved function.

Applied Kinesiology is also used in alternativemedicine to identify the vitamins and supple-ments needed to resolve a health condition.

For example, if the deltoid muscle is weak dueto a chronic lung infection, the kinesiologist willtest several herbs and vitamins by placingthem, one at a time, on the tongue andretesting the deltoid muscle. The supplementthat improves the deltoid muscle function thegreatest is the chosen supplement. Proponentsof Applied Kinesiology believe that thesubstance on the tongue stimulates nerveendings and different brain regions.

Another application of Applied Kinesiology is todetect food allergies and sensitivities. Foodsthat cause allergic reactions are believed tocause reversible muscle weakness. Appliedkinesiology practitioners have clients placesamples of foods into the mouth one at a timewhile muscle tests are performed (this would beused for foods causing sensitivity rather thansevere allergies causing anaphylactic shock).

A Typical Treatment

During the interview, the client history isrecorded and the practitioner does a physicalassessment, noting imbalances in posture andgait. Muscle testing is then done. The results ofthe testing may indicate the need for physicalmanipulation or stimulation of acupuncturepoints.

Using Applied Kinesiology

Due to the limited research, it's too soon torecommend applied kinesiology as an assess-ment tool or treatment for any condition. It'salso important to note that self-treating acondition and avoiding or delaying standardcare may have serious consequences. If you'reconsidering using applied kinesiology for anyhealth purpose, make sure to consult yourphysician first.

Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_kinesiology

www.capetownkinesiology.co.za

By Marian de Jager

23

The Season of WOOD

Energy and Resurrectio

After Winter's rest the power of springtimesurges through nature. What once appeareddead begins to stir and with longer days filledwith sunlight, tiny seeds in the newly warmedsoil shed their husks. Delicate green shootstriumphantly push their way upwards to thelight. Thick walled bulbs open their hearts toallow future flowers to step out.

The swelling Wood Energy of Spring initiatesnew life, new direction and new plans. If wemade use of the opportunity to rest in winter,we too emerge into spring with a new sense ofpurpose. It is time to refresh, to open and getrid of stale air. To empty out clutter, re-arrange,rejuvenate. The metaphoric Spring Cleaning.

The shadow side of spring is irritating allergiescaused by its colourful, fragrant blossoms.Seasonal currents of change can also developinto strong winds, tornados or hailstormsdamaging the new growth. However, theswelling Wood energy of fresh beginning, lifeout of death is strong and eventually takesover.

In the same way the human spirit can becomepart of the season of springtime. Winterexperiences of depression and discouragementmake way for currents of hope, clear thinkingand purpose. For some, the stirring of new lifeafter a time of unconscious hibernation mightbe uncomfortable. Inner freedom is discoveredand embraced.

In traditional Chinese Medicine the WoodElement represents the liver and gall bladder.Liver function is the grand architect for futurevision and strategic planning to live our lives inharmony with nature.

Liver Chi rules the smooth movement of bodilysubstances and the regularity of bodyactivities. Apart from the skin, the liver is thelargest and most complex organ in the body. Itis the centre of metabolism, it stores anddetoxifies nutrients, creating a relaxed internalenvironment.

The companion of the liver is the gall bladder.Gall bladder energy gives the ability to judgewisely and then make decisions. Rashdecisions may indicate excess gall bladder chi,while indecision and timidity may be signs ofweakness thereof. Movement and action ismade possible by the vision, planning, directionand decision of healthy wood energy.

Wood imbalances can result in poor flexibility,feeling blocked, frustrated and angry. Arthritisand muscular disorders may be experienced.People with chronically imbalanced Woodenergy are unable to experience growth - nospringtime within. They feel stuck insidethemselves. Eyesight can become impaired.With healthy Wood, recalculation and newplans are possible. The balancing effect ofreflexology on the liver and gall bladder cancontribute greatly to the enjoyment andbenefits of the season of Spring!

The Element of Wood refers to all living,growing entities such as plants animals and thehuman body. It is clear that the quality of foodintake is particularly important. Consume fresh,organic, unprocessed food as far as possible.Beetroot is a liver tonic and freshly harvested inspring.

Go for it! Welcome spring!!

By Cornelia Kirsten

24

SUGGESTIONS for LIVING in HARMONY with the SPRING SEASON.

� Watch buds patiently unfolding into leaf.Then, all of a sudden they rush, and doubletheir size in a day. Think of how muchenergy is in spring to push new life throughstrong soil.

� Acknowledge how newness has come to yourlife through loving relationships, spiritualgrowth, renewed hope and health andmaybe many other experiences.

� What is now waiting to be birthed in you?Send encouragement to this part of you.

� Make a garden. Plant a patch of green leavesto enjoy fresh daily. Many spring flowers areedible. Use Jasmine, Violet, Poppy, Rocket,Lavender Waterblommetjies and Nasturtiumto decorate as well as enhance thenutritional value of your cuisine.

� Look at people and situations with new eyes.Allow new tissue to grow over old hurts, andtake fresh hope.

� Use the bountiful energy of spring wisely, sothat what you sow in yourself and in your life- is what you wish to harvest. Spring doesnot last forever and summer is coming.

REFERENCES:1. Summer, the Season of Fire by Neil Guenick. 19972. Reflexology - a Practical Introduction by Inge

Dougans. Element Books. Australia. 19893. The Circle of Life.: The Heart`s Journey Through

the Seasons. Joyce Rupp & Macrina Wederkehr.Sorin Books. Indiana. 2005

We need to keep lymph moving efficiently andone way is through exercise.

Our lymphatic system is basically our body’ssewer system. Although it has millions ofvessels just like the blood system, it has nostrong heart to keep lymph moving. Instead,lymph is moved by breathing, walking,intestinal activity, and muscle action. Asmuscles tighten, lymph vessels are squeezedand lymph is pushed along and filtered throughlymph nodes on its way back to the veins andthe heart.

There is a reflex point thathelps stimulate lymphaticdrainage in the upper body.It is located at the bottom ofthe breast bone, or sternum.Vigorously rubbing this areafor about two minutes canhelp the lymphatic drainage.

2. Lymph “Milking”Another way you can helplymph nodes drain is by

gently rubbing or “milking” it toward the heart.This works quite well, for example, with sorethroats or sinus congestion. By using alubricant, you can start under the jaw and milkdown the throat on each side of the big muscleon both sides of the neck.

This manipulation alone has relievedheadaches and neck tension. Always“milk” or massage the lymphaticsystem (as well as the circulatorysystem) toward the heart. If younotice, massage therapists alwayswork toward the heart. Massagetherapy is good for the circulationand one of its benefits is stimulatingthe drainage of the lymph system.

3. Axillary TractionOne other important and easy technique iscalled “axillary traction”—a word meaning“armpit pull.” Simply lie on your back and havesomeone stand at your head, place their handsunder your armpits, and gently pull straighttoward their body. Keep your arms at yoursides. Your partner should maintain thistraction, or pull, for 20 to 30 seconds. After ashort rest, repeat the procedure four to fivetimes.

You can do any of these procedures daily.Before using inversion, however, consult withyour doctor - especially if you are pregnant orhave high blood pressure, hemorrhages,tubercular conditions, cancer in the pelviccavity, appendicitis, or ulcers of the stomach orintestine.

http://www.drdavidwilliams.com/lymphatic-system-drainage-exercises/#top

1. Reflex Point Stimulation

Another is a slant-board or even inversion unitsthat enable you to hang upside down. Butlymph drainage can also be facilitated bymanipulating the body in the following ways:

Dr David Williams

Exercises to Help

Drain Your

Lymphatic Systemfrom

25

The National Congress was held on 30 & 31 July at the Aviator Hotel, Kempton Park. Thank you to theJohannesburg branch for assisting in hosting the congress.

.

Elna Steenkamp was the first speaker of the day. She addressed the question: ‘As a therapeuticreflexologist how can you explain chi or vital energy, to a multidisciplinary team of allopathic healthcareon a level that it is acceptable, comfortable and common grounds to both parties?’ She explained how tointegrate Reflexology into National Healthcare towards rehabilitation treatments of their patients.

On Sunday, Elna did another awesome and informativepresentation on the pathology of a stroke. She explained how torecognize signs and symptoms and the behaviour of strokepatients, vital to understand when dealing with these cases. Herpresentation also included the treatment plan of patients as theystart off in ICU, then to the general ward and finally therehabilitation centre. Also, addressing how therapeutic reflexologycould be implemented at the various stages, but specially in therehabilitation phase.

Thereafter, Maggie Roux shared her first-hand experience of TSARS’s administrative officer ZeldaWelgemoed’s recent stroke. Tracy Henry, a therapeutic reflexologist shared info on the group ofreflexologists from the TSARS Western Cape branch, who got together to give ongoing treatmentthrough Zelda’s recovery process. Fiona Consani shared their experience working in hospital and therehabilitation centre and interaction with the medical staff.

Sharon du Raan gave an incredible practical workshop on the Cranialnerves and the nervous system. She shared her vast treatmentexperience working with patients suffering cranial trauma ordysfunction.

Her presentation included a case study of one of her patients, ayoung girl who was involved in a car accident and suffered cranialtrauma. She and her mother shared their journeys of her long, butmiraculous rehabilitation process. It touched one’s heart to listen tothis positive brave person in her fight to become functional again.

Delegates staying over at the hotelhad an entertaining Saturday eveningdinner! Good food, great companyand of course some good SouthAfrican wine……. made for buildingnew and old relations. Thanks to the“Durbanites and friends in thecorner”.

It was once again another successful congress! See you at the next in 2018.

Compiled by Marinda Nel

Elna Steenkamp

Sharon du Raan

Maggie Roux

On Saturday morning, it kicked off with the energetic motivational speaker and writer, Kate Emmerson.Her message was “De-frag your life - a compelling way to LIVE LIGHT, LIVE LARGE”.Next was the Annual General Meeting. See the minutes for all the detail, as well as the outcome of theelections of Office Bearers.

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Hanli, Lise en Coreli (lede van die Stellenboschtak) het die geleentheid gehad om dieterapeute/personeel by Spescare in die Strandte bederf met 'n gratis terapeutiese reflek-sologie behandeling, tydens die WRW.

Die fokus was om refleksologiete adverteer as komplimentêrebehandeling maar ook om

Terapeute bewus te maak vandie feit dat ons behandeling ookdeur van die mediese fondse erkenword.

Fisioterapeute, Arbeidsterapeute, Maatskaplikewerkers, Spraakterapeute, Dieetkundiges enSielkundiges funksioneer as 'n span bySpescare en die meeste van hulle het gevoeldat reflekologie ook deel kan vorm van so 'nspan.

Daar was ongelooflike positiewe terugvoergewees en as refleksoloë voel ons dat ons metgemak sal inpas in so 'n mediese omgewing.

“I found the opportunity to experienceand get educated on the healthbenefits of reflexology very beneficial. Iwas very pleased to hear thatreflexology will also be recognised bythe medical schemes. The gentletechniques used were extremely re-laxing. I would strongly advise any-one to consider reflexology.”Groete Corli

“It was wonderful and so relaxing. Ifelt much better afterwards and a fewof my colleagues also commented tome that the timing couldn't have beenmore perfect. I now have a betterunderstanding and appreciation forwhat Reflexology is.Thank you very much “Elsa Mocke

“Thanks for the opportunity ,and allthe time and energy that you put intoit. I enjoyed learning a little moreabout what reflexology entailed andthat medical aids have startedrecognising your treatment .I am nowmore likely to consider recommendingit to appropriate patients.Unfortunately it had to be squeezedinto a very busy day ,but I felt morelight-footed for the rest of the day!!Thanks again”Frances

“Baie dankie dit was 'n heerlike bederf. Sjoe ek het baie lekker geslaap en was bàaaaaie rustig vir 2 dae.”Lientjie Smit

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ALUMINIUM POISONING

Although the relationship between aluminiumand Alzheimer’s is not regarded as proven bythe medical community, there is strongevidence to believe that it may be one of theimportant risk factors. A 10-year study ofapproximately 3 777 people, aged 65, in 75villages in southwest France, found that peoplewho drink water containing 100 mcg ofaluminium per litre double their risk ofcontracting Alzheimer’s disease. There was alsoan increase in senile dementia.

Aluminium is a heavy metal and is used asaluminium sulphate in pools and waterpurification plants to remove impurities. Othersources of aluminium are exhausts, cookware,deodorant, beer, soda, food cans andprescribed antacids.

Reference:Lorna Vanderhaeghe L Bouic P. The Immune System Cure. Hermanus Western Cape Pyramid Publishers

Exercise Your Brain: Go Dancing

You know your heart benefits from exercise.Your brain does, too. Studies show that regular,moderate exercise -- 30 minutes of walking or alight run -- helps fight the effects of aging onthe brain. No grueling workouts required!

All types of exercise count, including walking,bicycling, hiking, swimming, aerobics, andweight training. Ballroom dancing is anothergood one, especially fun on chilly evenings.

How does exercise work to prevent mentaldecline? Researchers believe exercise maystimulate the body to fight stress that's normallyoccurring in the brain -- stress that causesoxidative damage. All that good stuff from alittle exercise!http://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/8-fall-tips-healthy-living#3

CONSTIPATIONLinseed is excellent for constipation. One ortwo tablespoons ground fresh in a coffeegrinder can be mixed with muesli and walnuts.Walnuts stimulate liver function and thus assistthe process. Another way to take linseed is tosoak the same amount overnight with raisinsand some oat flakes, and have it with fruit andyoghurt in the morning. Children may even likethis mixture. Starting the day with a glass ofhot water will also assist people with chronicconstipation.SAJNM Issue 5, 2001

Leg cramps

Leg cramps are due to electrolyte imbalance.Try the following formula: potassium 1–2g,magnesium 500 –1000g, calcium 500 – 1 000g,

Note: many experts believe that magnesiumshould be given in the same ratio as calcium.

By Fiona Consani

Supporting the lymphatic system

Imagine putting what we like into our bodiesbut not having any way of removing the toxinsand by-products? Our lymphatic systems areprobably the most ignored body system, yetare vital in preventing us from becomingbogged down in waste as it is our internaldrainage system designed to get rid of acidicand toxic waste. There are three mainfunctions of the lymphatic system, namely fluidrecovery, immunity and liquid absorption.

Almost ironically though, it is theone system that has no pumpmechanism of its own like the heartthat is the pump for the cardio-vascular system. The lymphaticsystem relies on daily movementand proper breathing. Thisshouldn’t be a problem as long aswe function and maintain ourbodies like we should. However, thevast majority of people pay noattention to this detail or areblissfully unaware of what theyshould be doing to support thecleansing process in their bodies.Signs that the lymphatic system is

slow include headaches, inability to lose weight,feeling tired all the time, inflammation, poordigestion, a build-up of mucous and a generalfeeling of stiffness. Various things, especiallyexercise can help but the nutritional aspectshould not be ignored. The good news is thatthere are foods that have cleansing propertieswhich support the lymphatic system.

To keep our lymphatic system clean and freeflowing we require a diet rich in fruit andvegetables, as well as sufficient amounts ofwater. Green leafy vegetables are especiallyimportant as they contain chlorophyll whichhelps to purify the blood and cleanse the lymph.

Citrus fruits such as lemons and oranges allhelp to detoxify the body and keep thingsmoving as they possess powerful enzymes.Berries also have detoxifying effects and helpto keep the body hydrated. They containantioxidants which strengthen the immunesystem thereby relieving the load on thelymphatic system. Various seeds such as chia,flax, pumpkin seeds provide magnesium which

supports the nervous system andhelps lubricate the body therebyaiding lymph flow. One shouldavoid too much dairy, sugar andfatty foods as these all clog thelymphatic system.

Garlic and certain spices are also avery important part of nutrition asthey cleanse the body and aiddigestion and lymph flow. Some ofthe best spices to include in yourdiet are turmeric, cinnamon,ginger, cardamom, coriander andblack pepper. Any vegetable juicewith some herbs and spices addedis very hydrating and detoxifyingand can help to aid lymph

drainage. An adequate intake of essentialfats is important to help protect and nourishthe lymphatic system. These can be obtainedfrom foods such as avocado, nuts and seeds.We must always bear in mind that apart fromnourishing the lymphatic system with goodnutrition, our aim must also be to keep thelymph free flowing. In order to do this thelymph system requires an adequate andconstant supply of fluid of at least 2-3 litresof purified water per day.

In addition to adequate nutrition there arevarious other factors that play a role inmaintaining a healthy lymphatic system.

29

A regular massage, and of course reflexologyis not only relaxing but helps to drain lymph fromin between the tissue spaces. This, in turn canhelp to increase the volume of lymph flow whichmakes it easier for toxins, bacteria and viruses tobe removed from the body. Exercising is vitalto keep lymph moving, as when the musclescontract and expand they help to pump thelymph to and from the lymph vessels. Any of thefollowing activities are suitable: walking, running,yoga, swimming, stretching and strengthtraining, dancing, etc. Jumping on a reboundertrampoline is particularly suitable as the verticalmotion opens and closes the one way valves ofthe lymphatic system. These are not available instores but may be purchased from Rebound SAdetails of which may be found on the Internet.

Dry brushing is very good as it boostscirculation. Start on the arms and legs andremember to brush towards the heart with longstrokes.

Finally remember one very important aspect thatis often neglected due to our hectic lifestyles,and that is deep breathing. We are taught toask our patients to breathe deeply when workingthe solar plexus but we are not always aware ofhow crucial this is and the benefits thereof. Aswe breathe and the air moves in and out of thelungs it also helps to pump lymph through thelymphatic system and at the same time providefresh oxygen to the circulatory system. For thisreason it is also important that we breathedeeply as short shallow breathes will not be aseffective.

It is important that we become aware of whatcontributes to placing strain on the lymphaticsystem. We need to pay attention to factors suchas stress, iodine deficiency (iodine supports oursystems on a cellular level), pesticides and foodadditives, smoking INCLUDING passive smoking,prescription drugs, and as mentioned earlieranimal products such as dairy.

Summary of tips for a healthy lymphatic system� Exercise regularly� Eat a healthy diet, including citrus, essential

fats and green leafy vegetables� Drink plenty of water� Make use of stress reduction techniques and

proper breathing� Have a massage and reflexology� Avoid factors that place stress on the

lymphatic system

Zinc participates in more than 200 enzymaticreactions in the body. It plays a key role in thesynthesis and stabilization of genetic material. Itis necessary for cell division and the synthesisand degradation of hydrocarbons, lipids andproteins. It is therefore considered as essentialfor tissue growth.

Zinc is necessary for the structure and normalfunction of cell membranes. It participates in thecreation of connective tissue, teeth, bones,nails, hair and skin. Zinc plays an important rolein the absorption of calcium in the bones andaffects the action of growth hormone.

Zinc is considered as one of the most importantnutrients for the immune system because it isessential for the formation of antibodies, whiteblood cells, thyroid gland and hormone function.Therefore, it is important to preserve theresistance to infection and for wound healing.

One of the important roles of zinc is secretion,synthesis and use of insulin. It also protectspancreatic β-cells (the cells that produce insulin)from falling apart. Zinc is involved in themetabolic processes of the thyroid and adrenalglands, ovaries and testes. It is important forthe normal development of male sex hormonesand the prostate. It is involved in thefunctioning of the sweat glands, activating localhormones, creating a protein that binds vitaminA, in control of inflammation and tissueregeneration.

Zinc is necessary for the production ofneurotransmitters in the brain. Normal functionand releasing of vitamin A from the liverrequires the presence of zinc. It is involved inthe creation of hydrochloric acid in the stomachand in the conversion of fatty acid toprostaglandins, which regulate body processessuch as heart rate and blood pressure. Zinc isnecessary for muscle contraction andmaintenance of acid-base balance in the body.It also helps in detoxification of alcohol.

Foods high in Zinc are: Animal proteins, fishand seafood especially oysters, vegetariansources include nuts, legumes, wholegrains,miso, tofu, brewer’s yeast, mushrooms, greenbeans, sea vegetables like kelp and spirulina.

http://www.clinicians.co.nz/the-importanceof-zinc

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Book Book Book Book

ReviewReviewReviewReview

Authors: Michael Földi & Roman StrossenreutherISBN-13: 978-032 303 0649ISBN-10: 0323030645Paperback: 110 pagesPublisher: Elsevier Mosby; 3 edition (November 4, 2004)Language: English

Foundations of Manual Lymph Drainage, 3rd Edition

ReviewThis manual lymph drainage guide covers theanatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology ofthe lymphatic system, providing keybackground information necessary for effectivetreatment. Chapters are structured accordingto anatomic regions, focusing on the lymphaticknots and their tributary regions in the throat,armpit, trunk, and groin. Photographs illustratethe lymphatic knots and lymphatic courses,which are drawn on the human body, andprovide a clear picture of the structures to betreated. Designated points are numbered toillustrate the progression of treatment in eachregion. Also includes coverage of completedecongestive therapy (CDT).

New to this EditionThe text has been completely updated toreflect the latest techniques in lymph drainagetherapy.

Coverage of individual treatment strokes andstroke sequences have been updated, withmore comprehensive descriptions and detailedphotos that illustrate proper hand placement,pressure, and movement.

Expanded coverage of complete decongestivetherapy, including a CDT survey - consisting ofthe case history, examination, and palpation -

that can be used to gather valuable informationto formulate therapeutic goals and evaluatetreatment results.

Key FeaturesExplains procedures in a detailed, step-by-stepformat.Features a helpful chart of lymph node groupsand their tributary regions that outlines eachlymph node as it pertains to a specificanatomical region.

Key information is summarized in the margins,making it easier for readers to review whatthey've read and focus on important topics.

Self-test questions provide an excellent meansfor readers to assess their comprehension andreview key material in the book. Thesequestions are also helpful in preparing forexams. Two-colour illustrations help the readervisualize and learn theoretical aspects of thistherapy.

About the AuthorProfessor Foldi is a worldwide renowned expertwhose outstanding work and publications havemade him a pioneer in lymphology. He hasreceived numerous awards and honorarymemberships from various internationallymphology associations which underline thehigh regard in which he is held in this field.Prof. Foldi founded a clinic at Hinterzarten/Black Forest which specializes in lymphology,where he is still an advisor.

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Lymphedema and Lipedema –Nutrition Guide

Authors: Chuck Ehrlich (Author), Emily Iker (Author), Karen Louise Herbst (Author), Linda-Anne Kahn (Author), Dorothy D. Sears (Author), Mandy Kenyon (Author), Elizabeth McMahon (Author)Paperback: 348 pagesPublisher: Lymph Notes; 1 edition (April 1, 2016)Language: EnglishISBN-10: 0976480689ISBN-13: 9780976480686

ReviewEat to starve lymphedema and lipedema byhaving foods that fight these conditions (andcancer) and avoid foods that contribute tosymptoms or related conditions. Learn how foodchoices affect both conditions and how betternutrition can improve symptoms (including pain)and delay changes associated with progressionto more advanced stages. This book has beenwritten for anyone with, or at risk for, lymph-edema or lipedema, caregivers, lymphedematherapists, and other health care providers.

Signs of lymphedema and lipedema (painful fatsyndrome) include swelling (edema), abnormalfat accumulation, pain, skin changes, andinfections (cellulitis, wounds or ulcers) in affectedareas. Lymphedema and lipedema are pro-gressive conditions that can be depressing,disfiguring, disabling, and (potentially) deadly,without treatment. This guide explains whynutrition is an essential part of treatment andself-care for these conditions, what to eat, andhow to change your eating pattern. It alsocovers vitamins, minerals, and supplements thatmay be beneficial.

You may be at risk for lymphedema if you havechronic venous insufficiency, other venousdisorders, heart disease, obesity, a cancerdiagnosis (especially breast cancer, reproductivesystem cancers, or melanoma), or a familyhistory of lymphedema or swollen legs. Eatingwisely and maintaining a healthy body weightcan help reduce your risk of developinglymphedema symptoms.

This guide includes all the information you needfor changing your eating pattern including waysto increase your motivation and build supportfor changing your eating pattern, meal plansand recipes for recommended foods, a shoppingguide, cooking tips, suggestions for eating awayfrom home, and much more. It also includesdetailed information on lymphedema andlipedema including risk factors, signs andsymptoms, treatment, other health careconsiderations and over 40 photos showingdifferent stages of each condition.

About the AuthorsChuck Ehrlich has been doing lymphedemaresearch and medical writing since 2005.

Emily Iker, MD is a cancer survivor withlymphedema and specialist in lymphedema andlipedema treatment.

Karen Louise Herbst, PhD, MD treats peoplewith lymphatic issues including lymphedemaand lipedema at the University of Arizona.

Linda-Anne Kahn, CMT, CLT-LANA has lipedemaand provides lymphedema and lipedema therapyat Beauty Kliniek Wellness Center.

Dorothy D. Sears, PhD researches diet andbehaviour patterns for reducing disease risk atUCSD School of Medicine.

Mandy Kenyon, MS, RD, CSSD is a consultingdietitian and research leader for Salk Instituteand Veteran’s Medical Research Foundation.

Elizabeth McMahon, PhD is a clinicalpsychologist and author of Overcoming theEmotional Challenges of Lymphedema.

The next Journal Issues will focus on: Issue 79: Urinary system

TO ORDER CONTACT TSARS HEAD OFFICE021 558 9868 OR info@sareflexology.org.za

PAYMENT Reference for payment: Your name

Account Name: The South African Reflexology Society Bank: STANDARD BANK Account Number : 07 167 7461Parow Centre Cape, Branch Code: 031 110SEND PROOF OF PAYMENT: info@sareflexology.org.za Fax: 088-021-558-9868

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1. BROCHURE @ R265 PER 100 [Postage included] The functions of TSARS, as a professional society, are to promote the profession as a Preventive - Curative - and Rehabilitative Health service as well as acting on behalf of the professional interest of its members. The TSARS brochure may be used to increase the therapist's professional profile when discussing the background of the therapy and treatment plan with patients.The brochure includes basic information and pictures about -• the principles and history of reflexology;• the techniques and benefit of the therapy to enhance

health care;• the qualification that makes provision for core skills

and knowledge for application in integrated allied health practices in general, but also allows for specialisation in Therapeutic Reflexology;

• compulsory registration with the Allied Health Professions Council of South Africa (AHPCSA) to practice legally and

• the role and functions of The SA Reflexology Society.

REFLEXOLOGY INFORMATION BROCHURE, BUSINESS CARD AND NAME BADGE

The TSARS logo is a registered logo and may not be used on personal stationery, a business card or a name badge. The TSARS brochure, business cards and name badges may be ordered by TSARS members registered with the Allied Health Professions Council South Africa [AHPCSA]

Information BrochureTherapeutic Reflexology

The South African Reflexology Society P.O. Box 15070PANORAMA7506

Tel.: 021-558-9868Fax : 088-021-558-9868info@sareflexology.org.zawww.sareflexology.org.za

Member of The South African Reflexology Society

NAME:

ADDRESS;

CONTACT DETAILS

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PRACTICE NO

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2. BUSINESS CARDS @ R175 PER 100 [Postage included]Allow six weeks for delivery when business cards are ordered as printing can only be done once payment has been received.

3. MAGNETIC NAME BADGES @ R100 EACH [Postage included]Allow six weeks for delivery when badges are ordered as printing can only be done once payment has been received.

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TSARS JOURNAL

The South African Reflexology Journal is industry related, and utilised by our members to keep updated on developments within the natural and allopathic health fields, and to be informed about services and products which support a healthier lifestyle.

Features

• Reflexology related

• Stress management

• Business management

• Inspirational material

• Pathology, physiology and anatomy

ADVERTISING POLICY

• Only a limited number of advertisements can be accepted, it is advisable to book early.

• All display advertisements (full colour and grey scale) to be submitted by the deadline (dates provided below)

• Advertorials will be accepted on placement of an advertisement, but are solely for the information of readers and not endorsed by TSARS.

• TSARS Journal is distributes about two weeks before the beginning of the first month of said edition.

• All advertising must be paid for at the time of booking.

DISTRIBUTION

• All members registered with the Society

• Various international affiliates

Submissions of articles, case studies, book reviews, personal experiences, letters, artwork and drawings for publishing in this journal by the copy deadline to:

The SA Reflexology Society P.O. Box 15070, Panorama, 7506,South Africa TEL NO: O21 558 9868Email:info@sareflexology.org.za

ADVERTISING IN TSARS JOURNAL

JOURNAL ADVERTISING RATES

Full Page: R1000.00 for single issue

R800.00 per issue for 3 issues

½ page: R500.00 for single issue,

R400.00 per issue for 3 issues

¼ page: R250.00 for single issue,

R200.00 per issue for 3 issues

1/8 page: R150.00 per issue

Members of TSARS receive a

10% discount

on the above rates only

DEADLINE DATES

November - February : 1 September

March - June : 15 January

July - October : 1 September

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The South African Reflexology [TSARS]Founded in 1985

TSARS is A PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY FOR THERAPEUTIC REFLEXOLOGY

TSARS believes that reflexology therapy can be of greatbenefit to the community. As a registeredcomplementary health care profession it meetsthe preventative, palliative, rehabilitative ormaintenance needs of the patient and promoteswellbeing and quality of life.

TSARS ROLE AND FUNCTIONS

The Society’s aims are to set and maintain highprofessional standards to provide a network of qualifiedtherapists to whom the public can refer with confidence.TSARS is committed to the process of gaining morerecognition within the South African community and isalso responsible for keeping the awareness anddevelopments of Reflexology in the national media.TSARS work is carried out by a National ExecutiveCommittee that consists of elected office bearers andthe 5 Branch Chairpersons. The positions are honorary.

Allied Health Professions Council [AHPCSA]Continuing Professional Development [CPD]Members are encouraged to continually update theirknowledge and meetings are held on National andBranch levels. As from July 2013 CPD activities byTSARS are conducted for its members to accumulateCEUs in a two year CPD Cycle. Speakers fromvarious health disciplines are also invited to help widenmembers’ understanding of the whole field ofcomplementary and allopathic medicine.The TSARS Journal is published three times a year,keeping members informed of developments andproviding a platform for their news and views. Thepublication is also educational in nature as members cancomplete the Multiple Choice Questionnaire [MCQ]to obtain CEUs.The Society is not affiliated to any particular reflexologytraining institution, but serves rather as an “umbrella”body to all training institutions.

TSARS CODE OF ETHICS1

The code of Ethics is designed to encourage integrity and responsibility in the practice of Reflexology and to uphold and further the standing of the profession, TSARS Constitution and role and function of TSARS. The code may form the basis of discussion in the eventof a complaint against a member.

THE THERAPIST2

A private therapy room with easy access to bathroomfacilities should be provided. The premises andequipment must be clean and hygienic.Members must ensure that their own health andhygiene is such as to not put the client at risk.Local bye-laws should be adhered to.

GUIDING PRINCIPLESRegistered therapists (with the AHPCSA) must provide treatment within the Scope of Practice for TherapeuticReflexology and may not diagnose, prescribe, claim tocure or claim to treat a specific ailment.

Responsibilities towards patientsIn recognising the unique nature of the individualpatient, the therapist will act inter alia in the followingprofessional manner:

• Recognise the responsibility he/she has towards apatient at all times and have respect for religious,spiritual, political and social views irrespective ofrace, colour, creed or sex.

• Give an accurate description of reflexology duringthe initial consultation with a patient, and advisethe patient of possible reactions to the reflexologytreatment.

• Advise the patient to consult their medicalpractitioner when it is suspected that the patient isaffected by any condition, medical or otherwise.

• Before commencement of the therapy state thefees for treatment.

• Practise only within the limits of his/herprofessional training. No unqualified advice ortechniques should be given.

• Keep fully accurate records that are maintained asconfidential.

• Shall not speak or write, disrespectfully, of fellowreflexologists either to patients or in public.

• Shall work in a co-operative manner with otherhealth care professionals and respect theirparticular contribution within the health care team,irrespective of whether they perform in anallopathic or natural base.

PUBLICITYMembers shall not seek to attract business unfairly orunprofessionally or in any way which would discredit thereputation of Reflexology.May not advertise in the press or on websites.

___________________________

1 This code is not a substitute for those of other professionalbodies to which a member may belong, nor to the Allied HealthProfessions Act. No 63 of 1982, as amended. Members areencouraged to join professional bodies particularly concernedwith other disciplines that they may practise.

2 ‘therapist’ means a person registered as a therapeuticreflexologist under the AHPCSA Act 63 of 1982

For further information, write to: The ChairpersonThe South African Reflexology SocietyP.O. Box 15070PANORAMA 7506Western Cape, South Africa

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CPD MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONNAIRE = 3 CEUs TSARS JOURNAL ISSUE 78: November 2016 - February 2017

DUE DATE: 28 February 2017

ACTIVITY 1“The Lymphatic System”

ACTIVITY 2“A closer look at our Brain’s Disposal System”

PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True False PLEASE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

True False

1. Lymphangitis is chronic lymphe-dema which becomes malignant.

1. The shrinking and swelling of theGlial cells control the flow of CSFthrough the glymphatic system.

2. In late Stage 2 the skin changesinclude hyperkeratosis.

2. There are no obvious lymphaticvessels in the brain.

3. The lymphatic system returns fluidto the vascular circulation via anetwork of lymphatic vessels andlymph nodes.

3. Vesa Kiviniem and his colleagueshave developed a form of MRIscanning that takes photos tofollow the biological waste as it isflushed through the glymphaticsystem in people.

4. Cellulitis is an inflammation of alymph vessel and seen as a red linerunning along a limb.

4. The blood pulsing through thearteries in the brain provides thenecessary force to push wastethrough the glymphatic system.

5. Lymphocytes are produced in thelymph nodes and they help fight offinvading pathogens.

5. The researchers found that thewaste is flushed from the brain vialarge drainage veins

6. Kinmonth syndrome is Fibrosis ofinguinal lymph nodes.

6. Research showed that bodyposture during sleep does notaffect the efficiency of the glymp-hatic system’s waste elimination.

7. Primary Lymphedema is the onlyLymphedema Classification.

7. The “end feet” are filled withwater channels, that move CFSthrough the brain.

8. Lymphedema is an abnormal, longterm swelling of only the feet.

8. Glial cells, called aquaporins useprojections known as “end feet”.

9. All the lymphatic vessels and lymphnodes lie 3mm below the skin.

9. 50 per cent of the waste thatflushed from the brain includedamyloid-beta.

10. A possible cause for PrimaryLymphedema can be Congestivecardiac failure.

10. Researchers found that theswelling of the Glial cells controlsthe flow of CSF through theglymphatic system.

/10 /10

AHPCSA number: ����� Full member of TSARS registered nr: ������

Surname as registered with AHPCSA ______________________________________________________________________________ Initials: ___________________

Cell phone number: ___________________________________________________ Fax no: ___________________________________

E-mail address: ______________________________________________

Postal address: _____________________________________________

Signature___________________________________________(This is my own unassisted work)