Download - Italian Renaissance

Italian Italian RenaissanceRenaissance

* * At the beginning of the 15At the beginning of the 15thth Century there Century there was a renewal of interest in the classical arts was a renewal of interest in the classical arts and literature of ancient Greece and Romeand literature of ancient Greece and Rome..

* * The interest began in ItalyThe interest began in Italy

* * Scholars and artists began to use non-Scholars and artists began to use non-religious subject matter for their inspiration.religious subject matter for their inspiration.

* * This period in time was called theThis period in time was called the “Renaissance”“Renaissance”

* * The word Renaissance means “Rebirth”The word Renaissance means “Rebirth”

Italian Renaissance EmergesItalian Renaissance Emerges1) 1) 1515thth Century was a time of great growth and Century was a time of great growth and

discoverydiscovery::a) a) Commerce spreadCommerce spreadb) b) Wealth increasedWealth increasedc) c) Knowledge increasedKnowledge increasedd) d) Artists flourishedArtists flourished

2) 2) Florence was one of many cities in Italy that Florence was one of many cities in Italy that grew in trading and industrial centers.grew in trading and industrial centers.

3) 3) Florence became the capital of cloth trade Florence became the capital of cloth trade and had the richest banking house in Europe.and had the richest banking house in Europe.

4) 4) The Medici family were the ones who The Medici family were the ones who controlled this banking empire and became controlled this banking empire and became general patrons of the fine arts.general patrons of the fine arts.

Italian RenaissanceItalian Renaissance

What Shaped the RenaissanceWhat Shaped the Renaissance

1) 1) During this time, artists and scholars During this time, artists and scholars developed an interest in the art and developed an interest in the art and literature of ancient Greece and literature of ancient Greece and RomeRome..

2) 2) The interest in the classics was The interest in the classics was calledcalled HumanismHumanism..

3) 3) Those who followed the beliefs of Those who followed the beliefs of Humanism were HumanistsHumanism were Humanists..

4) 4) Humanists embraced the Greco-Humanists embraced the Greco-Roman belief that eachRoman belief that each

individual has dignity and worth.individual has dignity and worth.5) 5) Artists really admired the realistic Artists really admired the realistic

(or) life-like appearance of classical (or) life-like appearance of classical works and wanted to capture that works and wanted to capture that same quality in their worksame quality in their work..


What Shaped the RenaissanceWhat Shaped the Renaissance6) 6) To achieve this they studied nature To achieve this they studied nature

and the remaining sculptures that and the remaining sculptures that survived through the years.survived through the years.

7) 7) During the 15During the 15thth Century the printing Century the printing press was invented by a German press was invented by a German printer named printer named Johannes Gutenberg. Johannes Gutenberg.

8) 8) This invention was one of the most This invention was one of the most important contributions of the important contributions of the Renaissance.Renaissance.

9) 9) This invention lead to mass-This invention lead to mass-production of books, poetry and production of books, poetry and prose of Greek and Roman writers prose of Greek and Roman writers allowing artists and scholars to study allowing artists and scholars to study to this work, to perfect their own.to this work, to perfect their own.



http://www.history.com/topics/italian-http://www.history.com/topics/italian-renaissance/videos#the-book-that-renaissance/videos#the-book-that-changed-the-worldchanged-the-world

MasaccioMasaccio (1401-1428) (1401-1428)1) 1) He was a young carefree painter from Florence He was a young carefree painter from Florence

who brought about a revolution in art.who brought about a revolution in art.

2) 2) He is given the credit as the first notable artist He is given the credit as the first notable artist of the Italian Renaissanceof the Italian Renaissance..

3) 3) He developed a style that became the He developed a style that became the trademark of the Italian Renaissance.trademark of the Italian Renaissance.

4) It was a style that was similar to the fresco 4) It was a style that was similar to the fresco techniquetechnique..

5) 5) One of his greatest works of art is One of his greatest works of art is The Holy The Holy TrinityTrinity. .


The Holy TrinityThe Holy Trinity (1428, Fresco) (1428, Fresco)1) 1) This was a fresco created by Masaccio which This was a fresco created by Masaccio which

is located in the Florentine church of Santa is located in the Florentine church of Santa Maria Novella.Maria Novella.

2) 2) This was one of his greatest works.This was one of his greatest works.

3) 3) His focus and attention for this painting was His focus and attention for this painting was on mass and depth.on mass and depth.

4) 4) He wanted his figures to look solid and real so He wanted his figures to look solid and real so he modeled them in light and shadow.he modeled them in light and shadow.

5) 5) To really highlight the different distances To really highlight the different distances from the viewer he overlapped his figures.from the viewer he overlapped his figures.


The Holy TrinityThe Holy Trinity (1428, Fresco) (1428, Fresco)6) 6) To make his painting appear more lifelike he To make his painting appear more lifelike he

created an illusion of a small chapel.created an illusion of a small chapel.

7) 7) In the chapel, he painted the Holy Trinity, St. In the chapel, he painted the Holy Trinity, St. John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary.John the Baptist and the Virgin Mary.

8) 8) The 2 figures in the lower left and right hand The 2 figures in the lower left and right hand corners are members of the wealthy family who corners are members of the wealthy family who commissioned Masaccio to paint this art piece. commissioned Masaccio to paint this art piece.

9) 9) These 2 figures are life-size which is another These 2 figures are life-size which is another technique to highlight the depth and technique to highlight the depth and dimension. dimension.


The Holy TrinityThe Holy Trinity (1428, Fresco) (1428, Fresco)


Linear PerspectiveLinear Perspective1) 1) An architect by the name of Fillippo An architect by the name of Fillippo

Brunelleschi made the discovery of linear Brunelleschi made the discovery of linear perspective.perspective.

2) 2) Linear PerspectiveLinear Perspective: : A graphic system that A graphic system that showed artists how to create the illusion of showed artists how to create the illusion of depth and volume on a flat surface.depth and volume on a flat surface.

3) 3) This new discovery allowed artists to paint This new discovery allowed artists to paint figures and objects so that they seem to move figures and objects so that they seem to move deeper into a work rather than across it.deeper into a work rather than across it.

4) 4) Using the concept of a horizon line and Using the concept of a horizon line and vanishing point was how this technique vanishing point was how this technique worked.worked.


The Tribute MoneyThe Tribute Money(1427, Fresco)(1427, Fresco)1) 1) Masaccio worked on this painting after painting The Holy Masaccio worked on this painting after painting The Holy

Trinity, which is also a fresco located in another Trinity, which is also a fresco located in another Florentine church.Florentine church.

2) 2) This particular painting is a group of 3 scenes to tell a This particular painting is a group of 3 scenes to tell a story from the life of St. Peter.story from the life of St. Peter.

3) 3) In the center of the painting is Christ who tells Peter that In the center of the painting is Christ who tells Peter that he will find a coin in the mouth of a fish. He is to use he will find a coin in the mouth of a fish. He is to use this coin to pay a tax collector.this coin to pay a tax collector.

4) 4) The tax collector is located to the right with his back The tax collector is located to the right with his back showing.showing.

5) 5) Off in the distance to the left, you see St. Peter kneeling Off in the distance to the left, you see St. Peter kneeling down to remove the coin from the fish’s mouth.down to remove the coin from the fish’s mouth.

6) 6) Located to the far right of the painting is St. Peter giving Located to the far right of the painting is St. Peter giving the coin to the tax collector. the coin to the tax collector.


The Tribute MoneyThe Tribute Money(1427, (1427, Fresco)Fresco)


Aerial PerspectiveAerial Perspective1) 1) Aerial PerspectiveAerial Perspective==uses hues, value and uses hues, value and

intensity to show distance in a painting.intensity to show distance in a painting.

2) 2) Aerial Perspective was clearly used in Aerial Perspective was clearly used in Masaccio’s Masaccio’s The Tribute Money The Tribute Money and he did and he did NOT use it in his painting NOT use it in his painting The Holy Trinity The Holy Trinity instead he clearly used linear perspective.instead he clearly used linear perspective.

3) 3) The use of aerial perspective helped The use of aerial perspective helped Masaccio to create an impression of endless Masaccio to create an impression of endless space.space.


Masaccio VS. RealityMasaccio VS. Reality1) 1) He modeled his figures so they seemed to be as solid statues. He modeled his figures so they seemed to be as solid statues.

To accomplish this effect, he used strong light and of shadows To accomplish this effect, he used strong light and of shadows as well.as well.

2) 2) He always placed his figures in front of a dim background, He always placed his figures in front of a dim background, which helped his subjects appear much closer to the viewer.which helped his subjects appear much closer to the viewer.

3) 3) His figures are very large in relation to the rest of the His figures are very large in relation to the rest of the painting. painting.

4) 4) In In Tribute Money Tribute Money he shows the importance of natural and he shows the importance of natural and lifelike gestures and poses apparent when he painted the lifelike gestures and poses apparent when he painted the apostles.apostles.

5) 5) St. Peter’s expression and gestures also show Masaccio’s use St. Peter’s expression and gestures also show Masaccio’s use of realism.of realism.

6) 6) All of these uses makes Masaccio’s paintings lifelike and All of these uses makes Masaccio’s paintings lifelike and realistic.realistic.


Fra AngelicoFra Angelico(1400-1455)(1400-1455)** ** During this time, some artists still used a blend of During this time, some artists still used a blend of

both Renaissance style as well as Gothic. One artist both Renaissance style as well as Gothic. One artist in particular was the painter Fra Angelico.in particular was the painter Fra Angelico.

1) 1) He was an excellent painter and a monk.He was an excellent painter and a monk.2) 2) He was a very holy man and always said a He was a very holy man and always said a

prayer before he began a painting.prayer before he began a painting.3) 3) He was also well known for NEVER He was also well known for NEVER

retouching or improving one of his paintings retouching or improving one of his paintings once it was completed in that he felt if he once it was completed in that he felt if he did so, it would tamper with God’s will.did so, it would tamper with God’s will.


The Annunciation The Annunciation (1440-1445)(1440-1445)1) 1) This particular painting was painted by Fra This particular painting was painted by Fra

Angelico a few years after Masaccio’s Angelico a few years after Masaccio’s death.death.

2) 2) This painting is of the angel Gabriel This painting is of the angel Gabriel announcing to Mary that she is to be the announcing to Mary that she is to be the mother of the Savior.mother of the Savior.

3) 3) Fra used some of Masaccio’s Renaissance Fra used some of Masaccio’s Renaissance style in this particular painting, in that he style in this particular painting, in that he uses only 2 figures placing them in a uses only 2 figures placing them in a modest, realistic and architectural setting.modest, realistic and architectural setting.


The Annunciation The Annunciation (1440-1445)(1440-1445)4) 4) Fra only used some perspective because he wasn’t seriously Fra only used some perspective because he wasn’t seriously

interested in creating an illusion of deep space in his interested in creating an illusion of deep space in his paintings.paintings.For Example: a) For Example: a) Mary and the angel do not overlap Mary and the angel do not overlap

like the figures in Masaccio’s paintingslike the figures in Masaccio’s paintings do.do. b) b) Fra’s figures are separated and placed Fra’s figures are separated and placed within a limited area marked off by within a limited area marked off by arches.arches. c) c) Fra doesn’t use Masaccio’s modeling Fra doesn’t use Masaccio’s modeling

techniques techniques to make his figures look round and solid to make his figures look round and solid

becausebecause there is little to suggest that real people exist there is little to suggest that real people exist beneath the garments he paints.beneath the garments he paints.


The Annunciation The Annunciation (1440-(1440-1445)1445)

5) 5) The gestures and facial expressions are The gestures and facial expressions are easy to read in that he used the Gothic easy to read in that he used the Gothic style of making this religious story style of making this religious story understood.understood.

6) 6) Telling the story was more important to Telling the story was more important to Fra than making his picture seem true to Fra than making his picture seem true to life.life.


Lorenzo Ghiberti Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)(1378-1455)

1) 1) Similar to Fra Angelico, Ghiberti combined Similar to Fra Angelico, Ghiberti combined elements of both the new Renaissance elements of both the new Renaissance style and the earlier Gothic style. style and the earlier Gothic style.

2) 2) Ghiberti was a sculptor who was most Ghiberti was a sculptor who was most famously known for his works that he famously known for his works that he created for the Baptistery of the Florence created for the Baptistery of the Florence Cathedral.Cathedral.


Compare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in Compare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in BronzeBronze

** ** The transition from Gothic to Renaissance The transition from Gothic to Renaissance style is very apparent in the bronze relief style is very apparent in the bronze relief sculptures created by Filippo Brunelleschi sculptures created by Filippo Brunelleschi and Lorenzo Ghiberti. Both artists created and Lorenzo Ghiberti. Both artists created the scene the scene “The Sacrifice of Isaac”.“The Sacrifice of Isaac”.

Filippo Brunelleschi, “Sacrifice of Isaac”Filippo Brunelleschi, “Sacrifice of Isaac” Lorenzo Ghiberti, “Sacrifice Lorenzo Ghiberti, “Sacrifice of Isaac”of Isaac”


Compare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in BronzeCompare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in Bronze

Filippo Brunelleschi Lorenzo GhibertiFilippo Brunelleschi Lorenzo Ghiberti

1) 1) His panel shows the GothicHis panel shows the Gothic 1) 1) His work forms a more unified His work forms a more unified Style of flatness in that eachStyle of flatness in that each whole. Objects overlap in a whole. Objects overlap in a Object is formed separatelyObject is formed separately more natural way which reflects more natural way which reflectsAnd the figures do NOT relateAnd the figures do NOT relate the Renaissance style. There’s To the Renaissance style. There’s To

each other.each other. Obvious Glances and Obvious Glances and2) 2) His panel can be divided His panel can be divided gestures. gestures.Horizontally into 3 layers thatHorizontally into 3 layers that 2) 2) His panel can be divided His panel can be divided Are placed one on top of the other vertically into 2 scenes that eachAre placed one on top of the other vertically into 2 scenes that eachTo preserve the Gothic Style.To preserve the Gothic Style. Tell part of the story. This Tell part of the story. This

arrangement strongly reflects the arrangement strongly reflects the Renaissance style=balance/harmonyRenaissance style=balance/harmony


Compare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in BronzeCompare/Contrast Renaissance to Gothic in Bronze

1) 1) These 2 particular art pieces being compared These 2 particular art pieces being compared were part of a competition/contest. All the panels were part of a competition/contest. All the panels submitted had to utilize the same Gothic frame submitted had to utilize the same Gothic frame used by Pisano on another set of doors within the used by Pisano on another set of doors within the same church.same church.

2)2) Although at a quick glance both panels created Although at a quick glance both panels created by Brunelleschi and Ghiberti look like pictures by Brunelleschi and Ghiberti look like pictures from medieval manuscripts, only one panel shows from medieval manuscripts, only one panel shows the true Gothic style.the true Gothic style.

3) 3) Ghiberti was declared the winner of the contest Ghiberti was declared the winner of the contest and he spent the next 21 years of his life and he spent the next 21 years of his life completing the 28 bronze panels used on the completing the 28 bronze panels used on the doors of the Baptistry. doors of the Baptistry.


The Gates of ParadiseThe Gates of Paradise (1425-1452, Gilt (1425-1452, Gilt Bronze)Bronze)

1) 1) This was Ghiberti’s 2This was Ghiberti’s 2ndnd set of doors he worked on for the set of doors he worked on for the Baptistry.Baptistry.

2) 2) He used more of a Renaissance style on these set of He used more of a Renaissance style on these set of doors.doors.

3) 3) This particular art piece/door scene is of the Old This particular art piece/door scene is of the Old Testament.Testament.

4) 4) Ghiberti did away with the use of the Gothic frame style Ghiberti did away with the use of the Gothic frame style and instead made the individual reliefs square.and instead made the individual reliefs square.

5) 5) He also began to use linear perspective which gave a He also began to use linear perspective which gave a greater feeling of space.greater feeling of space.

6) 6) The figures in EACH panel stand out so much they seem The figures in EACH panel stand out so much they seem fully 3D.fully 3D.

7) 7) Michelangelo was so impressed, he stated, ” These doors Michelangelo was so impressed, he stated, ” These doors were worthy of being used as the gates of heaven.” were worthy of being used as the gates of heaven.”


Development of Renaissance StyleDevelopment of Renaissance Style1) 1) The search for salvation gradually changed The search for salvation gradually changed

to a humanist focus based on the classical to a humanist focus based on the classical culture of ancient Greece and Rome.culture of ancient Greece and Rome.

2) 2) Because of this rebirth, artists gained Because of this rebirth, artists gained additional areas of interest to gather their additional areas of interest to gather their ideas from for their work.ideas from for their work.

3) 3) Artists began to develop techniques that Artists began to develop techniques that brought an exciting new energy to their brought an exciting new energy to their paintings and sculptures.paintings and sculptures.


Paolo UccelloPaolo Uccello (1347-1475) (1347-1475)1) 1) He was an artist who enthusiastically He was an artist who enthusiastically

accepted new Renaissance ideas.accepted new Renaissance ideas.

2) 2) His concern for perspective is evident His concern for perspective is evident when you examine his painting when you examine his painting “The Battle “The Battle of San Romano”of San Romano”


The Battle of San RomanoThe Battle of San Romano(1445, Tempera on wood)(1445, Tempera on wood)1) 1) Bodies and broken spears are placed in such a way Bodies and broken spears are placed in such a way

that lead your eye into the picture.that lead your eye into the picture.2) 2) There is a fallen figure in the lower left corner.There is a fallen figure in the lower left corner.3) 3) He used a technique in this painting called He used a technique in this painting called

foreshorteningforeshortening (pg. 362). (pg. 362). 4) 4) Even with the depth, this painting doesn’t reflect Even with the depth, this painting doesn’t reflect

realism.realism.5) 5) It looks like a grouping of puppets arranged in a mock It looks like a grouping of puppets arranged in a mock

battle scene.battle scene.6) 6) Because solely focused on perspective Uccello didn’t Because solely focused on perspective Uccello didn’t

make his figures and their actions seem lifelike.make his figures and their actions seem lifelike.7) 7) Uccello created an artificial world that was dedicated Uccello created an artificial world that was dedicated

almost entirely by the rules of perspective.almost entirely by the rules of perspective.


The Battle of San RomanoThe Battle of San Romano(1445, Tempera (1445, Tempera on wood)on wood)


Innovations in Painting, Sculpture and ArchitectureInnovations in Painting, Sculpture and Architecture* * There was a new emphasis on realism which was inspired by There was a new emphasis on realism which was inspired by

surviving models from classical Greece and Rome.surviving models from classical Greece and Rome.* * This new emphasis revealed itself in various practices of This new emphasis revealed itself in various practices of

visual arts which included: paintings, sculpture and visual arts which included: paintings, sculpture and architecture.architecture.

1) 1) Painting:Painting: a) a) More artists began to turn their attention to More artists began to turn their attention to creating depth and form in that these would replace the flat, creating depth and form in that these would replace the flat, 2D surfaces that characterized medieval pictures.2D surfaces that characterized medieval pictures.

b) b) The use of perspective and modeling in light The use of perspective and modeling in light and shade were used to achieve astonishing realistic and shade were used to achieve astonishing realistic appearances.appearances.

2) 2) Sculptures:Sculptures: a) a) Donatello and Michelangelo used that same Donatello and Michelangelo used that same concern for realism in their lifelike figures which seemed to concern for realism in their lifelike figures which seemed to move freely and naturally in space.move freely and naturally in space.

3) 3) Architecture:Architecture: a) a) Architects began to leave behind the Gothic Architects began to leave behind the Gothic style and took on a new architectural style.style and took on a new architectural style.

b) b) This new style traced its origins back in This new style traced its origins back in time to the carefully proportioned, balanced and elegant time to the carefully proportioned, balanced and elegant buildings of classical times.buildings of classical times.


DonatelloDonatello (1386-1466) (1386-1466)1) 1) He began as one of the assistants who helped He began as one of the assistants who helped

Ghiberti create the 1Ghiberti create the 1stst set of doors for the set of doors for the Baptistry of Florence, who would go on to Baptistry of Florence, who would go on to become the greatest sculptor of the early become the greatest sculptor of the early Renaissance.Renaissance.

2) 2) He was close friends with Brunelleschi and he He was close friends with Brunelleschi and he also shared Masaccio’s interest in realism and also shared Masaccio’s interest in realism and perspective.perspective.

3) 3) When he created sculptures that had to be When he created sculptures that had to be above eye level in the church he used above eye level in the church he used perspective.perspective.

4) 4) To do this, he made the upper part of the To do this, he made the upper part of the bodies longer so that when viewed from below, bodies longer so that when viewed from below, the sculptures would seem more naturalistic.the sculptures would seem more naturalistic.


Compare/Contrast Greek Sculptures to Compare/Contrast Greek Sculptures to RenaissanceRenaissance

Donatello’s “St. George”Donatello’s “St. George” Polyclitus’ “Spear Polyclitus’ “Spear Bearer”Bearer”

1) 1) His sculpture has a lifelike/realistic His sculpture has a lifelike/realistic 1) 1) His sculpture is of a Greek His sculpture is of a Greek Athlete.Athlete.

Quality.Quality.

2) 2) This sculpture is of a knight whoThis sculpture is of a knight who 2) 2) Polyclitus introduced the use ofPolyclitus introduced the use ofSeems to be leaning forward inSeems to be leaning forward in Contrappasto with this sculptureContrappasto with this sculptureAnticipation which reflects the use Anticipation which reflects the use Of Contrapposto Of Contrapposto

3) 3) This sculpture of St. George is fullyThis sculpture of St. George is fully 3) 3) His sculpture is nude and not His sculpture is nude and not fully clothed.fully clothed.

Clothed but you can’t mistake thatClothed but you can’t mistake thatThe presence of the human body isThe presence of the human body isunderneathunderneath


Compare/Contrast Greek Sculptures to Compare/Contrast Greek Sculptures to RenaissanceRenaissance

Donatello’s “St. George”Donatello’s “St. George” Polyclitus’ Polyclitus’ “Spear Bearer”“Spear Bearer”


Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) (1377-1446)1) 1) He was the artist given the credit for discovering linear He was the artist given the credit for discovering linear

perspective.perspective.2) 2) He began his art career as a sculptor, but when he lost the He began his art career as a sculptor, but when he lost the

Baptistry Doors contest to Ghiberti he abandoned sculpture for Baptistry Doors contest to Ghiberti he abandoned sculpture for a career in architecture.a career in architecture.

3) 3) 16 years after the contest, he faced Ghiberti again in a 16 years after the contest, he faced Ghiberti again in a competition in which they had to design a huge dome for the competition in which they had to design a huge dome for the Cathedral of Florence.Cathedral of Florence.

4) 4) Many claimed the large dome design could not be done. Many claimed the large dome design could not be done. Brunelleschi disagreed and submitted a design based off the Brunelleschi disagreed and submitted a design based off the Gothic building techniques and was awarded the task.Gothic building techniques and was awarded the task.

5) 5) He used the concept of using 8 Gothic ribs that met at the top He used the concept of using 8 Gothic ribs that met at the top of the dome and were joined by horizontal sections around the of the dome and were joined by horizontal sections around the outside of the dome and its base.outside of the dome and its base.

6) 6) This particular design included: the use of bricks, the done was This particular design included: the use of bricks, the done was placed on a drum and circular windows were in the drum.placed on a drum and circular windows were in the drum.

7) 7) It took 16 years to complete the structure and once completed It took 16 years to complete the structure and once completed he earned his name as a great architect.he earned his name as a great architect.


Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) (1377-1446)8) 8) His dome was so influenced that later on Michelangelo His dome was so influenced that later on Michelangelo

borrowed his ideas to create the dome for St. Peter’s.borrowed his ideas to create the dome for St. Peter’s.

9) 9) Another project he took part in the designing of aAnother project he took part in the designing of a

Chapel for the Pazzi family, who was one of theChapel for the Pazzi family, who was one of the

Wealthiest and most powerful families in Wealthiest and most powerful families in

Florence.Florence.

10) 10) For the design of this chapel he rejected the For the design of this chapel he rejected the

Gothic style and instead chose a style based on ancient Gothic style and instead chose a style based on ancient Roman Roman

Buildings.Buildings.


Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) (1377-1446)

11) 11) The chapel he designed was a balance between The chapel he designed was a balance between vertical and horizontal movementsvertical and horizontal movements

For Example: For Example: a) a) He used curved, rounded archesHe used curved, rounded arches

b) b) Dark molding was usedDark molding was used

c) c) Pilasters and columns were used to Pilasters and columns were used to divide anddivide and

organize the flat, white wall surfacesorganize the flat, white wall surfaces

12) 12) The overall effect was NOT dramatic or mysterious like The overall effect was NOT dramatic or mysterious like Gothic churches but rather it was simple, calm and Gothic churches but rather it was simple, calm and dignified. dignified.


Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi (1377- (1377-1446)1446)

Pazzi ChapelPazzi Chapel


Sandro BotticelliSandro Botticelli (1445-1510) (1445-1510)1) 1) He was very influential in that his paintings are now considered He was very influential in that his paintings are now considered

among the most admired of the Renaissance period.among the most admired of the Renaissance period.2) 2) One of his most famous works is One of his most famous works is Adoration of the MagiAdoration of the Magi (1481, (1481,

tempera and oil on wood)tempera and oil on wood)a)a) Its an image of grouping of kneeling people who are surrounding Its an image of grouping of kneeling people who are surrounding the Holy Family.the Holy Family.b) b) These people include the Magi, 3 kings/wise men and their These people include the Magi, 3 kings/wise men and their attendants.attendants.c) c) The Magi is presenting their gifts to Christ the child.The Magi is presenting their gifts to Christ the child.

3) 3) Botticelli used a combination of line, proportion and emphasis in his Botticelli used a combination of line, proportion and emphasis in his painting.painting.

4) 4) Line:Line: The figures are drawn with crisp, sharp contour lines and their The figures are drawn with crisp, sharp contour lines and their clothing have folds that twist and turn in a decorative pattern.clothing have folds that twist and turn in a decorative pattern.

5) 5) ProportionProportion: : A graceful style can be seen in the figure Mary.A graceful style can be seen in the figure Mary.6) 6) Emphasis: Emphasis: Line is used to unify the painting and to emphasize the Line is used to unify the painting and to emphasize the

most important parts. most important parts.


Adoration of the MagiAdoration of the Magi (1481, tempera and oil (1481, tempera and oil on wood)on wood)


High RenaissanceHigh Renaissance1) 1) The thing that represented the Renaissance the The thing that represented the Renaissance the

most was its great wealth of artistic talent.most was its great wealth of artistic talent.

2) 2) Between 1495-1527 was considered the High Between 1495-1527 was considered the High Renaissance and around the time when such artists Renaissance and around the time when such artists as Leonard da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael as Leonard da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael created their timeless masterpieces.created their timeless masterpieces.

3) 3) All 3 of these well-known artists lived in Italy and All 3 of these well-known artists lived in Italy and were commissioned by the popes of Rome to create were commissioned by the popes of Rome to create ambitious artworks that glorified religious themes.ambitious artworks that glorified religious themes.

4) 4) Never before has such amazing art been produced Never before has such amazing art been produced simultaneously on 3 different fronts-paintings, simultaneously on 3 different fronts-paintings, sculpture and architecture.sculpture and architecture.


Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)(1452-1519)1) 1) Leonardo was blessed with many talents starting Leonardo was blessed with many talents starting

at a very young age and had a curiosity that drove at a very young age and had a curiosity that drove him to study everything.him to study everything.

2) 2) He studied architecture, mathematics, sculpture, He studied architecture, mathematics, sculpture, painting, anatomy, poetry, literature, music, painting, anatomy, poetry, literature, music, geology, botany and hydraulics.geology, botany and hydraulics.

3) 3) It is estimated that he completed 120 It is estimated that he completed 120 notebooks/sketchbooks filled with drawings along notebooks/sketchbooks filled with drawings along with explanations.with explanations.

4) 4) Leonardo did things such as dissect cadavers to Leonardo did things such as dissect cadavers to thoroughly analyze arms, legs, eyes and the brain.thoroughly analyze arms, legs, eyes and the brain.


The Last SupperThe Last Supper (Fresco, 1495-1498) (Fresco, 1495-1498)* * Leonardo was very impatient which caused him to leave Leonardo was very impatient which caused him to leave

many projects unfinished. He was always experimenting many projects unfinished. He was always experimenting and many of experiments ended in failure. One of his and many of experiments ended in failure. One of his “so-called” greatest failures is his version of “so-called” greatest failures is his version of The Last The Last SupperSupper..

1) 1) This painting was glorious painting but this amazing art This painting was glorious painting but this amazing art piece began to flake off shortly after its completion in piece began to flake off shortly after its completion in that Leonardo used an experimental painting technique.that Leonardo used an experimental painting technique.

2) 2) This painting was painted on a wall in the dining hall This painting was painted on a wall in the dining hall used by monks in the Monastery of Santa Maria delle used by monks in the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.Grazie in Milan.

3) 3) He used linear perspective so he could design his scene He used linear perspective so he could design his scene to look like the continuation of the dining hall.to look like the continuation of the dining hall.


The Last SupperThe Last Supper (Fresco, 1495-1498) (Fresco, 1495-1498)4) 4) Christ is placed in the center of the painting.Christ is placed in the center of the painting.5) 5) The apostles are grouped in 3’s and you can clearly The apostles are grouped in 3’s and you can clearly

see the expression of disbelief of shock on their faces see the expression of disbelief of shock on their faces from discovering what Judas just revealed.from discovering what Judas just revealed.

6) 6) The 3The 3rdrd figure on Christ’s right is Judas and he has an figure on Christ’s right is Judas and he has an expression of anger and defiance.expression of anger and defiance.

7) 7) Leonardo’s painting has an unusual feature: All the Leonardo’s painting has an unusual feature: All the apostles are crowded together on the far side of the apostles are crowded together on the far side of the table, this is because Leonardo thought that table, this is because Leonardo thought that spreading out the figures would reduce the impact of spreading out the figures would reduce the impact of the painting.the painting.

8) 8) Another difference in his painting from pervious Another difference in his painting from pervious paintings of The Last Supper is that he included Judas paintings of The Last Supper is that he included Judas amongst the apostles.amongst the apostles.


The Last SupperThe Last Supper (Fresco, 1495- (Fresco, 1495-1498)1498)



http://www.history.com/topics/italian-http://www.history.com/topics/italian-renaissance/videos#life-after-people-the-renaissance/videos#life-after-people-the-last-supperlast-supper

Mona LisaMona Lisa (Oil on Wood, 1503-1506) (Oil on Wood, 1503-1506)* * As mentioned before, Leonardo’s curiosity As mentioned before, Leonardo’s curiosity

kept him from completing many of his works. kept him from completing many of his works. One of his most famous unfinished works was One of his most famous unfinished works was the the Mona Lisa.Mona Lisa.

1) 1) When Leonardo died, he still had this When Leonardo died, he still had this painting in his possession.painting in his possession.

2) 2) He worked on this particular painting for 16 He worked on this particular painting for 16 years and he claimed it was still unfinished!years and he claimed it was still unfinished!

3) 3) This so-called unfinished art piece is one of This so-called unfinished art piece is one of the most popular art pieces ever painted.the most popular art pieces ever painted.


Mona LisaMona Lisa (Oil on Wood, 1503- (Oil on Wood, 1503-1506)1506)



http://www.history.com/topics/italian-http://www.history.com/topics/italian-renaissance/videos#leonardos-delugerenaissance/videos#leonardos-deluge

MichelangeloMichelangelo (1475-1564) (1475-1564)1) 1) He was ranked alongside Leonardo as one He was ranked alongside Leonardo as one

of the greatest artists of the Renaissance.of the greatest artists of the Renaissance.

2) 2) Michelangelo was also very gifted. He Michelangelo was also very gifted. He could paint, sculpt and wrote poetry.could paint, sculpt and wrote poetry.

3) 3) One of his first famous pieces is his One of his first famous pieces is his sculpture, sculpture, Pieta (Marble, 1500)Pieta (Marble, 1500)


PietaPieta (Marble, 1500) (Marble, 1500)1) 1) Pieta:Pieta: Is a work showing Mary mourning Is a work showing Mary mourning

over the body of Christ.over the body of Christ.2) 2) This sculpture is larger than life-size and This sculpture is larger than life-size and

it’s of Mary seated at the foot of the cross it’s of Mary seated at the foot of the cross mourning the death of her son, Christ.mourning the death of her son, Christ.

3) 3) Michelangelo made Mary much larger that Michelangelo made Mary much larger that Christ in that he wanted Mary to support Christ in that he wanted Mary to support with ease the heavy body of her son.with ease the heavy body of her son.

4) 4) Michelangelo also wanted the viewer to Michelangelo also wanted the viewer to focus more on the message rather than focus more on the message rather than whether Mary could support Christ’s body.whether Mary could support Christ’s body.


The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel (Fresco, 1508-1512) (Fresco, 1508-1512)

1) 1) Everything Michelangelo did everything on a grand scale Everything Michelangelo did everything on a grand scale and the Sistine Chapel is a prime example of this.and the Sistine Chapel is a prime example of this.

2) 2) He was asked to paint this grand task by Pope Julius II. He was asked to paint this grand task by Pope Julius II. The Pope originally asked him to design a tomb for him The Pope originally asked him to design a tomb for him but soon after changed his mind and instead asked him to but soon after changed his mind and instead asked him to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

3) 3) The chapel was about 40 ft wide and about 133 ft long The chapel was about 40 ft wide and about 133 ft long and had a rounded ceiling.and had a rounded ceiling.

4) 4) Michelangelo protested at first because it looked tedious, Michelangelo protested at first because it looked tedious, time-consuming and ceiling paintings were considered time-consuming and ceiling paintings were considered less important than wall paintings so he felt his pride and less important than wall paintings so he felt his pride and reputation would be hurt by doing this project. He also reputation would be hurt by doing this project. He also considered himself more a sculptor rather than a painter.considered himself more a sculptor rather than a painter.

5) 5) The walls had already been painted by other well-known The walls had already been painted by other well-known artists so he didn’t have a choice in the matter.artists so he didn’t have a choice in the matter.


The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel (Fresco, 1508-1512) (Fresco, 1508-1512)

6) 6) He built a large scaffold stretching the length of He built a large scaffold stretching the length of the chapel.the chapel.

7) 7) He refused to have assistants as aids, so day He refused to have assistants as aids, so day after day he bent over backward to work on his after day he bent over backward to work on his masterpiece.masterpiece.

8) 8) The ceiling was divided into 9 main sections and The ceiling was divided into 9 main sections and each section contained the story of humanity from each section contained the story of humanity from the Creation to the Flood.the Creation to the Flood.

9) 9) You can clearly see the sculptural side of You can clearly see the sculptural side of Michelangelo coming through in this masterpiece Michelangelo coming through in this masterpiece in that all his figures are highly modeled in light in that all his figures are highly modeled in light and shad to look solid and 3D. They also are and shad to look solid and 3D. They also are shown in constant movement, twisting and shown in constant movement, twisting and turning as if they are coming out of their niches turning as if they are coming out of their niches and out of the frames. and out of the frames.


The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine Chapel (Fresco, 1508- (Fresco, 1508-1512)1512)


Raphael Raphael (1483-1520)(1483-1520)

1) 1) Raphael was successful, wealthy and admired throughout Raphael was successful, wealthy and admired throughout his brief but brilliant career. his brief but brilliant career.

2) 2) He started out by doing an apprenticeship with a He started out by doing an apprenticeship with a respected artist and there he learned to use soft colors, respected artist and there he learned to use soft colors, simple circular forms and gentle landscapes in his simple circular forms and gentle landscapes in his paintings.paintings.

3) 3) When he was young, he traveled to Florence to study the When he was young, he traveled to Florence to study the works of artists who leading the way during that time works of artists who leading the way during that time period.period.

4) 4) He learned from Leonardo how to use shading as an He learned from Leonardo how to use shading as an illusion of 3D form and he learned from Michelangelo how illusion of 3D form and he learned from Michelangelo how to add vitality and energy to his figures.to add vitality and energy to his figures.

5) 5) From those artists and their knowledge he was able to From those artists and their knowledge he was able to use their ideas along with his own to create a new unique use their ideas along with his own to create a new unique style which in turn he became the most distinctive artist style which in turn he became the most distinctive artist of the Renaissance. of the Renaissance.


School of AthensSchool of Athens (Fresco, 1509- (Fresco, 1509-1510)1510)

1) 1) At the same time when Michelangelo was painting the At the same time when Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel, Raphael was commissioned by Pope Julius Sistine Chapel, Raphael was commissioned by Pope Julius II to decorate a series of rooms in the Vatican Palace.II to decorate a series of rooms in the Vatican Palace.

2) 2) In the first of these room is where he painted his famous In the first of these room is where he painted his famous painting, painting, “School of Athens”.“School of Athens”.

3) 3) This painting was a tribute to the 4 domains of learning: This painting was a tribute to the 4 domains of learning: Theology, philosophy, law and the arts.Theology, philosophy, law and the arts.

4) 4) This painting has the title “school” in it in that Raphael This painting has the title “school” in it in that Raphael was referring to 2 opposing schools of thought was referring to 2 opposing schools of thought represented by the 2 great classical philosophers Plato represented by the 2 great classical philosophers Plato and Aristotle.and Aristotle.


School of AthensSchool of Athens (Fresco, 1509-1510) (Fresco, 1509-1510)5) 5) These 2 figures are placed below an archway in the center of These 2 figures are placed below an archway in the center of

the painting to signify their importance.the painting to signify their importance.

6) 6) On the side in which Plato resides (Left) consists of the ancient On the side in which Plato resides (Left) consists of the ancient philosophers who were involved with the metaphysical-the philosophers who were involved with the metaphysical-the mysteries that go beyond here and now.mysteries that go beyond here and now.

7) 7) On the side in which Aristotle resides (Right) consists of On the side in which Aristotle resides (Right) consists of philosophers and scientists interested in nature and the affairs philosophers and scientists interested in nature and the affairs of humankind.of humankind.

8) 8) Plato is pointing to the sky to indicate and symbolize his Plato is pointing to the sky to indicate and symbolize his concern with an idealistic world whereas Aristotle makes a concern with an idealistic world whereas Aristotle makes a gesture towards the earth the indicate his interest in the real gesture towards the earth the indicate his interest in the real and practical world.and practical world.

9) 9) Above Plato’s right is a statue of Apollo who is the patron of Above Plato’s right is a statue of Apollo who is the patron of poetry and above Aristotle’s left is a statue of Athena who is poetry and above Aristotle’s left is a statue of Athena who is the goddess of reason. the goddess of reason.



10) 10) Raphael painted an ages Leonardo to play the Raphael painted an ages Leonardo to play the role as Plato and Michelangelo is portrayed by the role as Plato and Michelangelo is portrayed by the philosopher Heraclitus.philosopher Heraclitus.

11) 11) Raphael painted himself in the lower right hand Raphael painted himself in the lower right hand corner as a young man amongst the corner as a young man amongst the mathematicians which symbolizes t he Renaissance mathematicians which symbolizes t he Renaissance belief that geometry and art were strongly linked belief that geometry and art were strongly linked and that a knowledge of mathmatics was essential and that a knowledge of mathmatics was essential to an artist’s development.to an artist’s development.


School of AthensSchool of Athens (Fresco, 1509-1510) (Fresco, 1509-1510)



http://www.history.com/topics/italian-http://www.history.com/topics/italian-renaissance/videos#the-renaissancerenaissance/videos#the-renaissance

Download - Italian Renaissance

Top Related