Transcript
Page 1: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

IS Research Topics Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.SDA Bocconi

Information Systems DivisionUniversità Commerciale Luigi Bocconi

[email protected]

Spears School of BusinessManagement Science and Information Systems

Oklahoma State University – [email protected]

Università degli Studi di VeronaFacoltà di Economia

Page 2: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Talk Outline

• IS what art thou? (Finding one’s place in the Discipline)

• Historical IS Topics 1968-2009

Page 3: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Information Systems TaxonomiesFinding one’s place in the Discipline

Computing Taxonomies

Page 4: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Information Systems TaxonomiesFinding one’s place in the Discipline

Computing in termsof

EVERYTHING ELSE

Page 5: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

NONLIFE

8 Worlds Universes

Astronomy Astrophysics

7

Cultures Societies Countries

Supernatural systems

Metasystems

Geography Metrology

6Cities

Communities Systems

5Families Groups

SubsystemsEthics Religion Genealogy

4Individuals Organisms Machines

Psychology Cognitive science

Botany Zoology Ecology Physical Science

3Cells

Organs Components

Biometrics Genetics Geology

2 Molecules Chemistry

1 Atoms Physics

Table 1. Academic Disciplines (Pure Sciences)

Physics

Chemistry

Lib info Science Political science

Economics Management

science

Anthropology Communications

Education Linguistics

Environmental science Computer Science

Astrobiology

Philosophy History

Fine arts

Biology

Sociology

LEVEL LIFE

Page 6: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

NONLIFE

8 Worlds Universes Astronautics

7

Cultures Societies Countries

Supernatural systems

Metasystems

Teaching Languages Rhetoric Grammar

Music Dance

Art

Artificial intelligence

6Cities

Communities Systems

Management Finance

LawSystem Design

Systems Engineering

5Families Groups

Subsystems

4Individuals Organisms Machines

Psychiatry Medicine

3Cells Organs

Components Solid state engineering

2 MoleculesChemical

engineering1 Atoms Applied physics

Table 2. Professional Fields (Applied Sciences)

Architecture Design

General engineering Computer engineering

LIFE

Genetic engineering Pharmacy

Space medicine

LEVEL

Applied physics

City planning

Social work

Biomedical engineering

(Country building) Banking

International law Librarianship

Journalism

Page 7: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

8 Worlds Universes

7

Cultures Societies Countries

Supernatural systems

Metasystems

Teaching Languages Rhetoric Grammar

Music Dance

Art

6Cities

Communities Systems

Management Finance

Law

5Families Groups

SubsystemsEthics Religion Genealogy

4Individuals Organisms Machines

Cognitive science PsychologyBotany

ZoologyEcology Psychiatry Medicine

3Cells

Organs Components

Biometrics Genetics

2 Molecules

1 Atoms

Social work

Biomedical engineering

Genetic engineering Pharmacy

PROFESSIONAL FIELD

Space medicine

(Country building) Banking

International law Public administration

Librarianship Journalism

City planning

Sociology

Table 3. Life Sciences

Applied physics

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

LEVEL ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE

Astrobiology

Anthropology Communications

Education Linguistics

Lib info Science Anthropology

Political science Economics

Management science

Philosophy Hisotory Fine arts

Page 8: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL

8 Worlds Universes Astronomy Astronautics

7

Cultures Societies Countries

Supernational systems

Metasystems

Geography Metrology

Artificial intelligence

6Cities

Communities Systems

System Design Systems Engineering

5Families Groups

Subsystems

4Individuals Organisms Machines

Physical Science

3Cells Organs

ComponentsGeology Solid state engineering

2 Molecules Chemistry Chemical engineering

1 Atoms Physics Applied physics

Table 4. Nonlife Sciences

LEVEL

Environmental science Computer science

Architecture Design General engineering

Computer engineering

Page 9: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

METASTUDY AREA ACADEMIC METADISCIPLINE PROFESSIONAL METAFIELDPhilosophy

LogicMathematics Statistics application

The study of the past History Archeology

The study of information in recorded form Information science

Information Management Knowledge management Information systems

LibrarianshipThe study of the discovery and

real-time transfer of informationCommunications science Communication systems Journalism

Media/advertisingThe study of methodical

information transfer in education and training

Learning theory Education Teaching

Table 6. Metadisciplines and Metafields

The study of meta-ideas and concepts

Page 10: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Figure 1. Information Sciences. (Yuexiao, 1988, p. 488)

Philosophy

SemioticSemantics

Symbolology

Information TheoryCybernitics

Systems Theory

Broader LinguisticsBiological Cybernetics

Artificial IntelligenceInformation Technology

Information SociologyInformation Economics, Politics, & LawSocial Information PsychologySocial Information Management

EpistomologyCognitive Science

Brain Theory

Informatics Library ScienceDocumentationArchival StudyMuseologyJournalismMass Media StudyEducation

Informatology

Information Science

Page 11: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Taxonomies from industry:• The interests of industry are specifically

and vitally focused on applications.• Practitioners have developed perhaps the best

application-focused taxonomies.• Such taxonomies characterize user problems for

which software solutions are available.

Page 12: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

What is computing?Computing means: any technical activity involving computers.

Thus, computing includes: • Designing and building hardware and software systems for any of a

wide range of purposes; • Processing, structuring and managing various kinds of information; • Doing scientific studies using computers; • Making computer systems behave intelligently; • Creating and using communications and entertainment media; • Finding and gathering information relevant to any particular

purpose, and so on.

The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast.

Page 13: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Existing Computing Taxonomies• The Computing Benchmark• The British Computer Society (BCS) taxonomy • Computing Disciplines• Roger Clarke’s Disciplines• Boots Cassel’s union of computing related

disciplines

Page 14: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing Benchmark

“The conceptual framework that gives a discipline its coherence and identity; about the intellectual capability and understanding that should be developed, the techniques and skills which are associated with developing an understanding in that discipline; and the level of intellectual demand and challenge which is appropriate to that discipline.”

Page 15: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

See: Paul McCullagh - http://www.ics.heacademy.ac.uk/Events/HEADublin2006_V2/presentations/Day%201/Day%201%20Paul%20McCullagh%201B.ppt

Hardware Software

Computing Benchmark Spectrum

Communicationand interaction Practice Theory

Device-level issues and fabrication technology

Processor architecture

Com

puter architecture and construction

Programm

ing languages

Software tools and packages

Com

puter Applications

Structuring of Data and Inform

ation

Com

puter networks, distributed system

s

Hum

an-computer interaction, involving

comm

unication between com

puters and people

Operating system

s: the control of

computers, resources and interactions

Problem identification and analysis

Design, developm

ent, testing and evaluation

Managem

ent and organization

Professionalism and ethics

Com

mercial and industrial exploitation

Algorithm design and analysis

Formal m

ethods and description techniques

Modeling and fram

eworks

Analysis, prediction and generalization

Hum

an behavior and

performance

Page 16: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

The British Computer Society (BCS) Taxonomy (2006)

Academic TopicsTOP LEVELHardwareComputer systems organizationSoftwareDataTheory of computationMathematics of computingInformation systemsComputing methodologiesComputer applications

Professional TopicsTOP LEVELApplicationsBCSBusiness sectorsCareer developmentCommunicationsHardware, operating systems and platformsInformation systems designIT and societyIT-related disciplinesManagementSecuritySoftware and software engineering

Page 17: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Academic TopicsTOP TWO LEVELSHardware

• Control structures and microprogramming• Arithmetic and logic structures• Memory structures• Input/output and data communications • Register-transfer-level implementation • Logic design • Integrated circuits • Performance and reliability Computer systems organization• Processor architectures• Computer-communication networks• Special purpose and application-based systems• Performance of systems• Computer system implementationSoftware• Programming techniques• Software engineering• Programming languages• Operating systemsData• Data structures• Data storage representations• Data encryption• Coding and information theory• FilesTheory of computation• Computation by abstract devices• Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity• Logics and meanings of programs• Mathematical logic and formal languages

Mathematics of computing • Numerical analysis • Discrete mathematics • Probability and statistics • Mathematical software

Information Systems• Models and principles • Database management• Information storage and retrieval • Information systems applications • Information interfaces and presentation

Computing methodologies• Symbolic and algebraic manipulation • Artificial intelligence • Computer graphics • Image processing and computer vision • Pattern recognition • Simulation and modelling • Document and text processing

Computer applications• Administrative data processing • Physical sciences and engineering • Life and medical sciences • Social and behavioral sciences • Arts and humanities • Computer-aided engineering • Computers in other systems

The British Computer Society (BCS) Taxonomy (2006)

Page 18: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Cassel’s Union of DisciplinesThe approach

• Team consists of leaders from – Computer Engineering – Computer Science– Information Systems– Information Technology– Software Engineering

• Merge – Curriculum knowledge units– ACM computing classification scheme– Other schemes as discovered

Page 19: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Problem Twist• Early discussions to merge bodies of knowledge

– The topics are only one part of the distinction– Different groups look at the same topics, use the same

words, and mean different things– How to include them all in one scheme?

Page 20: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267907/html/c180.html

Page 21: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

CS IM11Information Storage and Retrieval

IS 1.6.6

IS 1.6.1

IS 1.6.10CS IM2

IS 1.6.9

CS IM3

IS 1.6.2

CS IM4

IS 1.6.4

CS IM5

IS 1.6.5

CS IM8

IS 1.6.12

IS 3.3.2

Database Systems

Data ModelingRelational Databases

Distributed Databases

Database Query Languages

CS IM6Relational Database Design

Data Models

Integrity

IS 1.6.3Normalization

Data DefinitionLanguages

Application Interface

IS 1.6.8Distributed Databases…

DBMS Products

Database machines and servers

DBMS: features, functions, architecture

IS 1.6.11Data and DB Administration

Data Dictionary…

IS 1.6.13Information Retrieval

Data Modeling

IS 1.6.7Intelligent QueryProcessors…

CS IM7Transaction Processing

CS IM9Physical Database Design

CS IM10Data Mining

CS IM12Hypertext and Hypermedia

CS IM13Multimedia Informationand Systems

CS IM14Digital Libraries

Page 22: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Basic elements• Over the breadth of the combined areas• What are we about?

– Hardware– Software– Information– Human related aspects

Page 23: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Four Basic Elements

SWHW

Info Human

That is not enough to describe all that concerns the computing and information related disciplines

- There are too many things that overlap these boundaries

Page 24: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

HW

SW

Info

Human

HW SWHW Human

Human Info

SW Info

Human Info SW

HW

SW

Info

HW Human SW

HW

Hum

an In

fo

The core areas list is holds up: but we need every possible combination of them.

But, that does not tell the whole story either.

Page 25: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

HW

SW

Info

Human

HW SWHWHuman

HumanInfo

SW Info

Human Info SW

HW

SW

Info

HW Human SW

System

HW

Hum

an In

fo

For much of what we do, a System View of the parts is essential

but not enough

Page 26: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Application Context

Application Context is often an inseparable part of the field.

but not enough

HW

SW

Info

Human

HW SWHWHuman

HumanInfo

SW Info

Human Info SW

HW

SW

Info

HW Human SW

System

HW

Hum

an In

fo

Page 27: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

HW

SW

Info

Human

HW SWHWHuman

HumanInfo

SW Info

Human Info SW

HW

SW

Info

HW Human SW

System

Application Context

Social Context

HW

Hum

an In

fo

There is a social context that surrounds all that

we do. We neglect it

at our peril.

But, there is more

Page 28: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

HW

SW

Info

Human

HW SWHWHuman

HumanInfo

SW Info

Human Info SW

HW

SW

Info

HW Human SW

System

Application Context

Social Context

HW

Hum

an In

fo

Administer & Support

Design, Combine,Build, Test

Theory and Concepts

Deploy and use

Page 29: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

SYSTEM

APPLICATIONSocial context

Focus on System elements -- other

things contract.

At another time, the

center section

could expand,

any subsection

of the center could

expand, etc.

Page 30: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

These are Too Broad

• The do give a lay of the land• But, none of them helps us to figure out

where we belong.

Page 31: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Scientific Disciplines• Types of research [Simon, 1996]:

– natural sciences: phenomena occurring in the world (nature or society)

– design sciences ~ sciences of the artificial:• all or part of the phenomena may be created artificially• studies artificial objects or phenomena designed to meet

certain goals– social sciences: structural level processes of a social system

and its impact on social processes and social organization – behavioural sciences: the decision processes and

communication strategies within and between organisms in a social system

Page 32: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Regardless of the context, doing computing well can be complicated and difficult.

Society needs people to do computing well,

Therefore we must think of computingNot only as a profession but also as a discipline.

Page 33: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

A Conceptual Map of DisciplinesActivities

PhenomenaSymbolic

Analytic(invention and making)

Synthetic(exploration and discovery)

Real

Chemistry

Mechanical Engineering

Product Design

Painting

Statutory Law

Mathematics

Computer Science

(adapted from Owen 1997)

Information Systems

Desig

n Sc

ienc

e

Page 34: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing provides such a wide range of choices that it is impossible for anyone to become

proficient at all of them.

Therefore an individual who wishes to become a computing

professional requires some focus for his or her professional life.

Page 35: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing is not just a single discipline but

is a family of disciplines.

Page 36: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

The Computing DisciplinesThere are many kinds of computing degree programs.There are dozens/perhaps hundreds around the world.Five are prominent today:

1. Computer Engineering (CE)2. Computer Science (CS)3. Information Systems (IS)4. Information Technology (IT)5. Software Engineering (SE)

Each one has, or will soon have, a volume of undergraduate curriculum guidelines that is approved and published by one or more international professional and scientific societies.

Page 37: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing Disciplines Landscape

• Before 1990’s• Significant developments in the 1990s

Page 38: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing Disciplines Landscape Before 1990’s

• 1960s – Computing Degree programs emerged• North America – originally only 3 degrees (alphabetical):• Each with its own well-defined area of work &

influence• It was easy (easier) for students to select one:

– Computer Science• Software Development expert or Theoretical Computing

– Electrical Engineering• Hardware

– Information Systems• Use hardware and software to Solve Business Problems

Page 39: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Four Decades of Computing

Feature Batch Time-Sharing Desktop Network

Decade 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

Location Computer Room Terminal Room Desktop Mobile

Users Experts Specialists Individuals Groups

Data Alphanumeric Text, numbers Font,Graphs Multimedia

Objective Calculate Access Present Communicate

Interface Punched Card Keyboard, CRT See & Point Ask & Tell

Operation Process Edit Layout Orchestrate

Connectivity None Peripheral Cable LAN Internet

Owners Corporate Computer Ctrs

Divisional IS Shops Dept. End Users

Everyone

Page 40: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing SpectrumDisciplines Pre-1990s

Hardware Software Business

EE +CE CS IS

Page 41: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing SpectrumDisciplines Pre-1990s

Hardware Software Business

Electrical EngineeringComputer Engineering Computer Science Information Systems

Page 42: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing SpectrumDisciplines Post-1990s

Hardware Software OrganizationalNeeds

CS SE CE EE IT IS

Page 43: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Scope of TheComputing Studies And Information Sciences Disciplines

ComputerScience - CS

InformationSystems - IS

Commerce, Bus. Admin.

Financial & Cost & Mgt Accounting

MicroEcon

Audit

Marketing

Bus. Law

Individual & Organizational

Behavior Information

Management

IT Management

Computer SystemsEngineering - CSE

Software Engineering

Data Analysis

Database

Management

Knowledge -Based

Systems

Computer Architecture

Operating Systems Robotics Compiler

Construction

Numerical Computing

Engineering

Systems Analysis

Decision Support Systems

Project Management

Programming

Algorithms

Data Structures

Networks

Graphics

Discrete Math

Electronic Materials & Devices

Digital

Circuitry

Signal Analysis

Control & Communication

Theory

Engineering Graphics

Machine

Tools Engineering

Design Materials Science

Production Management

Artificial Intelligence

Formal Language

Theory

Concurrency

Computational Theory

Logic

Adapted From Roger Clarke

Page 44: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computing SpectrumDisciplines Post-1990s

Hardware Software Organizational Needs

ElectricalEngineering

ComputerEngineering

ComputerScience

SoftwareEngineering

Information Technology

Information Systems

Computer engineering is concerned with the design and construction of computers and computer-based systems. It involves the study of hardware, software, communications, and the interaction among them. Its curriculum focuses on the theories, principles, and practices of traditional electrical engineering and mathematics, and applies them to the problems of designing computers and computer-based devices.

Computer science spans a wide range, from its theoretical and algorithmic foundations to cutting-edge developments in robotics, computer vision, intelligent systems, bioinformatics, and other exciting areas. We can think of the work of computer scientists as falling into three categories:

• They design and implement software.• They devise new ways to use computers.• They develop effective ways to solve computing problems.

Software engineering is the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliably and efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain. Software engineering is different in character from other engineering disciplines, due to both the intangible nature of software and to the discontinuous nature of software operation. It seeks to integrate the principles of mathematics and computer science with the engineeringpractices developed for tangible, physical artifacts.

Information technology is a label that has two meanings. In the broadest sense, the term “information technology” is often used to refer to all of computing. In academia, it refers to undergraduate degree programs that prepare students to meet the technology needs of business, government, healthcare, schools, and other kinds of organizations. Emphasis is on the technology itself more than on the information it conveys.

Information systems specialists focus on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet the information needs of businesses and other enterprises, enabling them to achieve their objectives in an effective, efficient way. This discipline’s perspective on “Information Technology” emphasizes information, and sees technology as an instrument to enable the generation, processing and distribution of needed information.

Page 45: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Information Systems vs. Computer Science

• Computer Science has its concentration in the study of algorithms, computation, software, and data structures. Its roots are in mathematics and engineering. Programming is only one aspect of computer science.

• Information Systems is an extension of management and organization theory that applies technical capabilities and solutions initially developed by computer science, to tasks in organizations. It involves the study of information – its structure, representation,and utilization. It focuses on the information needs of organizations for a wide variety of business processes, management, decision-making, and planning purposes.

Page 46: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Business Environment

Firm

Putting Things in Context – The Picture

BusinessProcess

InformationSystem

InformationTechnology

Hardware, software, and networks that make Information Systems possible.

System that uses information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate, and display information.

a related group of steps or activities that use people, information, and other resources, to create value for internal or external customers.

Consists of a large number of interdependent business processes that work together to generate products of services in a business environment.Includes the firm and everything else that affects its success, such as competitors, suppliers, customers, regulatory agencies, and demographic, social, and economic conditions.

Page 47: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Information Systems Taxonomies

• Reference Disciplines & as a Reference Discipline

• Differentiation from IT and Social Disciplines• IS Keyword Classification of Research• Questions and Topics for Researchers and

Executives

Page 48: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

InformationSystems

Marketing

Psychology

ComputerScience

EngineeringEconomics

Architecture

Banking

Communications

Accounting

Agriculture

Other Disciplines

Other Disciplines

IS as a Reference Discipline in discourse with other reference disciplines(Adapter from Baskerville and Myers, 2002)

Page 49: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Computer Science

ComputerSystemsEngineering

Fundamental

Applied

‘Hard’ ‘Soft’

Differentiating IS from other IT-related disciplines(Adapted from ACS 1992)

InformationSystems

Page 50: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Sociology

Fundamental

Applied

‘Hard’ ‘Soft’

Differentiating IS from other Social Science disciplines(Adapted from ACS 1992)

Anthropology

InformationSystems

Psychology

Page 51: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

IS Research Keyword Taxonomy

Page 52: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Page 53: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Functional Taxonomy• Several types of computer-based systems have been developed; from

an analysis of the most used terms in the literature the following types can be identified (So could more – and some overlap):– management information systems (MIS);– executive information systems (EIS);– executive support systems (ESS);– decision support systems (DSS);– group decision support systems (GDSS);– electronic meeting systems (EMS);– organizational decision support systems (ODSS);– expert systems (ES);– office information systems (OIS); and– intelligent organizational information systems (IOIS).– Enterprise Information Systems (EIS)– Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)– Database systems

Page 54: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Historical IS Topics 1968-2009

• WE will review a number of historical studies of the IS discipline in terms of Research Topics and Methodologies

Page 55: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Alavi, M., and Carlson, P. (1992), “A Review of MIS Research and Disciplinary Development,” Journal of Management Information Systems, 8(4)

45-62.Benchmark for tracking the status of management information systems (MIS) development and evolution, a sample of 908 mainstream MIS articles published in the 1968-1988 period is examined.

For the first time during these 20 years, the number of empirical articles exceeded the number of non-empirical articles essentially focusing on purely conceptual work.

• The journal articles included in the study were classified and coded in three ways:

• 1. By subject or topic, according to the keyword classification scheme of Barki, Rivard, and Talbot 2 keyword classification

• 2. By type, according to a framework developed specifically for the study.• 3. By orientation toward research or practice in the field.

Page 56: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Adapted from Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Journals 68-70 71-73 74-76 77-79 80-82 83-85 86-88 Total %

CACM 4 12 7 21 19 42 31 13615%

Data Base 2 17 6 16 23 32 36 13215%Decision Science 1 1 8 5 7 8 12 42 5%

HBR 19 11 11 6 19 19 10 9510%

JMIS 0 0 0 0 0 41 56 9711%

MIS Quarterly 0 0 0 50 64 64 94 27230%

Mgmt Sci 9 6 8 11 12 13 10 69 8%Sloan Mgmt Rev. 3 12 9 6 6 14 15 65 7%

TOTAL 38 59 49 115 150 233 264 908 

Table I Frequency of MIS Articles in the Journals by Three-Year Intervals

JMIS Started in 1984MISQ started in 1977

Page 57: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Table 2 Articles in Different Topical Areas by Three-Year Intervals

BRT Codes Topic Areas 68-70 71-73 74-76 77-79 80-82 83-85 86-88 Total

E IS Management 20 28% 21 21% 22 25% 63 28% 74 28% 133 32% 126 24% 459 27%

H Information Systems 26 37% 29 29% 18 20% 39 17% 57 21% 65 16% 119 23% 353 21%

F IS Development & Ops 3 4% 6 6% 11 12% 57 26% 44 16% 72 18% 73 14% 266 16%

A Reference Disciplines 7 10% 19 19% 19 21% 20 9% 32 12% 35 9% 69 13% 201 12%

G IS Usage 6 8% 1 1% 3 3% 11 5% 12 4% 26 6% 53 10% 112 7%

I IS Educ. & Research 2 3% 11 11% 4 4% 9 4% 20 7% 18 4% 23 4% 87 5%

D Organizational Env. 3 4% 4 4% 2 2% 9 4% 20 7% 24 6% 29 6% 91 5%

C Technological Env. 1 1% 4 4% 3 3% 6 3% 5 2% 26 6% 28 5% 73 4%

B External Env. 3 4% 4 4% 7 8% 9 4% 3 1% 12 3% 5 1% 43 3%

Total 71 4% 99 6% 89 5% 223 13% 267 16% 411 24% 525 31% 1685

Page 58: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Table 3 Most Popular Research Issues in the Top Three Topic Areas of MIS Research

BRT Codes Description

Number of Published Articles Total

E IS Management    EJ IS Evaluation 133  

EQ IS Planning 74 EM IS Management Issues 67 274

H Information Systems    HA Types of Information Systems 191  HB IS Application Areas 100  HD IS Characteristics 41 332

F IS Development and Operations    FB IS life cycle activities 98 FA IS development stategies 65 FD IS implementation 50 213

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Page 59: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Research Classification Framework

Fram ew orkC oncep tua l M odels

C oncep tua l O verviewTh eory

C oncep tua l O rien ta tion

O p in ion & E xam pleO pin ion and P ersona l E xperien ce

Tools , Tech n iq ues , M eth odsM od el A p plica tions

Illu s tra tive

F ra m ew orks & A pp lica tions

A p plied C oncep ts

N on-E m pirica l

D escrip tion of type/class ofP roduct, technology, sys tem s, etc.

D escrip tion of S pecificA p plication , S ys tem , etc.

O b jects

S u rveyIns trum en t D evelopm en t

S im lua tionSeconda ry D a ta

Lab E xperim en tF ield E xperim en t

C as S tudyA ction R esearch

E ven ts /P rocesses

E m pirica l

A rticle Type

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Page 60: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Number of Articles by Type and Year

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

  1968-70 1971-73 1974-76 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-88

Empirical 16 22 23 48 69 113 146

Nonempirical 22 37 26 67 81 120 118Total 38 59 49 115 150 233 264

1968-70 1971-73 1974-76 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-880

50

100

150

200

250

300

16 22 23

48

69

113

146

2237

26

6781

120 118

38

5949

115

150

233

264

EmpiricalNonempiricalTotal

Page 61: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Number of Nonempirical Articles by Type and Three-Year Time Period

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Nonempirical Articles 1968-70 1971-73 1974-76 1977-79 1980-82 1983-85 1986-88 Total Conceptual articles 1 24 9 23 29 30 44 160

Illustrative articles 21 13 17 42 47 82 67 289

Applied concepts 0 0 0 2 5 8 7 22

Total 22 37 26 67 81 120 118 471

Page 62: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Empirical Articles by Type (1968-88)

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Research Strategy # Articles % Field Study 146 33% Lab Experiment 66 15% Case Studies 40 9% Survey 32 7% Field Experiment 18 4% Other Empirical Type Description 96 22% Ex-post Description 18 4% Deveiopment of tool 12 3% Secondary Data 7 2% Total 437 

Page 63: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles by Type, Topic and Code

Adapted From Alavi and Carlson, 1992

Refe

rence

Disciplin

es

Exter

nal Enviro

nment

Tech

nological E

nvironmen

t

Organ

izatio

nal Enviro

nment

IS M

anag

emen

t

IS D

evelo

pment S

Opera

tions

IS U

sage

Inform

ation Syste

ms

IS Educat

ion &

Rese

arch

0

50

100

150

200

250

109

15

4455

160

123

60

212

17

92

28 29 36

199

139

52

142

70

EmpiricalNonempirical

Page 64: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Lee, Z., Gosain, S., and Im, I. (1999), “Topics of Interest in IS: evolution of themes and differences between research and practice,” Information & Management, 36(5) 233-246.

• Evolution of themes in IS research and practice over time and differences between research and practice in IS evidenced by publication process.

• More than 3000 articles published across five years in four IS journals and five magazines examined and categorized by thematic areas

Page 65: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Journals and Magazines Studied

1. Communications of the ACM (CACM)2. Information systems research (ISR)3. Journal of MIS (JMIS)4. MIS quarterly (MISQ)

1. Business Week2. CIO3. ComputerWorld4. Datamation5. The Economist

From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

Page 66: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Number of Articles Per Year

Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

    1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Total

Journals ISR 12 16 13 20 12 73

  JMIS 27 32 35 25 33 152

  CACM 57 84 51 68 58 318

  MISQ 30 30 26 31 26 143

Magazines Computer World 84 184 209 282 272 1031

  Datamation 52 65 68 67 62 314

  Economist 20 33 37 50 46 186

  CIO 75 114 101 104 98 492

  Business Week 60 62 60 65 54 301

  Total 322 473 563 662 615 3010

Page 67: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Most Frequent Themes in Journals * (1991-1995)ISR JMIS CACM MISQ

1. CSCW 1. DSS/EIS 1. System design, development

1. IT usage and use modeling/adoption

2. IS research 2. CSCW 2. Advanced techniques

2. User satisfaction, Involvement

3. IS modeling 3. Expert system/NLP 3. Media, communication techniques

3. IS function issues

4. System design, development 4. IS personnel issues 4. Database and data

management 4. System design. developmen.

5. Expert system/NLP 5. Inter-organizational system

5. Object oriented techniques 5. IS personnel issues

6. IT usage and user modeling/adoption

6. IT usage and user modeling/adoption 6. Specific-use system 6. IS strategy/IS

company strategy7. Advanced techniques 7. IS research 7. Security issues 7. CSCW * Rank order.

Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

Page 68: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Major differences in proportion of articles for specific themes* (1991-1995)

Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

More frequent in journals More frequent in magazines 1. System design, development and methodology 1. IT marketing 2. Advanced techniques 2. IS strategy/IT company strategy3. CSCW 3. IT applications 4. IT usage and user models/adoption 4. Client-server technology 5. Expert systems/Agents/NLP 5. Standards/open system/quality issues 6. DSS/EIS 6. Commercial products 7. IS research 7. Tools and techniques

* Topics which showed difference >3% between journals and magazines (ranked order).

Page 69: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Examples of Conflicting Trends between Research Journals and Practitioner Magazines*

Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

Page 70: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Results

• Journals and magazines focused on different themes• Academic Themes showed more variation over time

than Practitioner Themes• Some areas of research received inadequate attention

from IS scholars (Organization and International issues)• No increase in richness of themes found• There were conflicting trends in research and practice.

Adapted From Lee, Gosain and Im, 1999

Page 71: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Claver, E., Gonzalez, R., and Llopis, J. (2000), An Analysis of Research inInformation Systems (1981-1997) Information & Management, 37(4) 181-195.

Analyzes the articles published in the Management Information Systems Quarterly and Information & Management journals between 1981 and 1997, paying attention to the usual topics as well as strategies, both in research and by the authors

Page 72: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles Classified According to Research Topics (1) Major

Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999

Topics 81/83 (%) 84/86 (%) 87/89 (%) 90/92 (%) 93/95 (%) 96/97 (%) Total (%)

IS management 22 30.1 46 29.4 69 27.5 87 34.1 80 31.2 52 40 356 31.7

IS development / Is lifecycle 35 48 45 29 68 27.1 51 20 59 23 13 10 271 24.2

Information technology 12 16.4 32 20.5 69 27.5 64 25.1 76 29.8 35 26.9 288 25.7

IS usage 3 4.1 27 17.3 30 11.9 44 17.3 28 10.9 18 13.8 150 13.4

Others 1 1.4 6 3.8 15 6 9 3.5 13 5.1 12 9.2 56 5

Total 73 100 156 100 251 100 255 100 256 100 130 100 1121 100

%Total 6.51%  13.92%  22.39%  22.75%  22.84%  11.60%     

Page 73: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles Classified According to Research Topics (2a) Minor

Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999

Topics 81/83 (%) 84/86 (%) 87/89 (%) 90/92 (%) 93/95 (%) 96/97 (%) Total (%) IS management 22 30.1 46 29.4 69 27.5 87 34.1 80 31.2 52 40 356 31.7 1.Strategic planning for information systems 4 5.5 2 1.3 8 3.2 5 2 15 5.9 1 0.8 35 3.1 2.IS alignment/organizational impact 10 13.6 4 2.6 11 4.4 5 2 10 3.9 14 10.8 54 4.8 3.IS human resources - - 7 4.5 7 2.7 16 6.3 16 6.2 2 1.5 48 4.2 4.IS evaluation 3 4.1 15 9.5 15 6 19 7.5 17 6.5 18 14 87 7.8 5.Using IS for competitive advantage/strategic IS - - 5 3.2 15 6 18 7 5 2 2 1.5 45 4 6.IS managers 1 1.4 5 3.2 3 1.2 6 2.3 5 2 3 2.3 23 2.1 7.IS outsourcing - - - - - - - - 3 1.2 2 1.5 5 0.5 8.IS security 4 5.5 3 1.9 1 0.4 8 3.1 6 2.3 5 3.8 27 2.4 9.Other managemen tissues - - 5 3.2 9 3.6 10 3.9 3 1.2 5 3.8 32 2.8 IS development / Is lifecycle 35 48 45 29 68 27.1 51 20 59 23 13 10 271 24.2 10.ISdevelopment 12 16.5 23 14.9 39 15.6 30 11.8 37 14.5 7 5.4 148 13.2 11.ISimplementation 9 12.4 10 6.4 13 5.2 10 3.9 13 5.1 4 3.1 59 5.3 12.Database 8 10.9 5 3.2 9 3.6 8 3.1 7 2.7 2 1.5 39 3.5 13.Developing infor-architecture info-requirement analysis 6 8.2 7 4.5 7 2.7 3 1.2 2 0.7 - - 25 2.2 Information technology 12 16.4 32 20.5 69 27.5 64 25.1 76 29.8 35 26.9 288 25.7 14.DSS 6 8.2 21 13.4 33 13.2 24 9.4 11 4.3 5 3.8 100 8.9 15.GDSS - - 2 1.3 8 3.2 13 5.1 15 5.9 6 4.7 44 3.9 16.Expertsystems/artificial Intelligence - - 4 2.6 10 4 17 6.7 22 8.6 6 4.7 59 5.2 17.EIS - - - - - - 3 1.2 5 2 2 1.5 10 0.9 18.EDI - - - - 1 0.4 1 0.4 5 2 3 2.3 10 0.9 19.Telecommunications - - 4 2.6 10 4 4 1.5 8 3.1 2 1.5 28 2.520. The internet/information Superhighways - - - - - - - - 3 1.2 4 3.1 7 0.6

Page 74: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles Classified According to Research Topics (2b) Minor

Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999

Topics 81/83 (%) 84/86 (%) 87/89 (%) 90/92 (%) 93/95 (%) 96/97 (%) Total (%) IS usage 3 4.1 27 17.3 30 11.9 44 17.3 28 10.9 18 13.8 150 13.4 22.Office automation - - 7 4.5 3 1.2 2 0.8 - - 1 0.7 13 1.1 23.Factory automation 1 1.4 2 1.3 2 0.8 2 0.8 3 1.2 - - 10 0.9 24.Telecommuting - - 1 0.6 1 0.4 1 0.4 - - - - 3 0.3 25.Inter-organizational systems 1 1.4 1 0.6 1 0.4 1 0.4 4 1.6 1 0.7 9 0.8 26.End-user computing - - 7 4.5 14 5.6 17 6.7 8 3.1 6 4.7 52 4.6 27.IS and small business 1 1.4 2 1.3 2 0.8 6 2.3 5 2 2 1.5 18 1.7 28.IS indeveloping countries/ intercultural IS comparisons - - 4 2.6 7 2.7 12 4.7 7 2.7 7 5.4 37 3.3 29.Other IS usages - - 3 1.9 - - 3 1.2 1 0.3 1 0.7 8 0.7 Others 1 1.4 6 3.8 15 6 9 3.5 13 5.1 12 9.2 56 5 30.IS research 1 1.4 3 1.9 11 4.4 2 0.8 9 3.5 6 4.6 32 2.9 31.Others - - 3 1.9 4 1.6 7 2.7 4 1.6 6 4.6 24 2.1 Total 73 100 156 100 251 100 255 100 256 100 130 100 1121 100

Page 75: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles Classified According to Research Methodology (1)

Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999

Research Methodology 81/83 (%) 84/86 (%) 87/89 (%) 90/92 (%) 93/95 (%) 96/97 (%) Total (%)

Theoretical Studies 41 56.2 54 34.6 97 38.6 69 27 64 25 26 20 351 31.3

Empirical Studies 32 43.8 102 65.4 154 61.4 186 73 192 75 104 80 770 68.7

Total 73 100 156 100 251 100 255 100 256 100 130 100 1121 100

Page 76: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Articles Classified According to Research Methodology (2)

Adapted From Claver, Gonzalez and Llopis, 1999

Research Methodology 81/83 (%) 84/86 (%) 87/89 (%) 90/92 (%) 93/95 (%) 96/97 (%) Total (%)

Theoretical Studies 41 56.2 54 34.6 97 38.6 69 27 64 25 26 20 351 31.3

Conceptual 7 9.6 7 4.5 40 15.9 32 12.5 32 12.5 14 10.8 132 11.8

Illustrative 28 38.4 41 26.3 49 19.5 27 10.6 27 10.6 8 6.1 180 16

Applied concepts 6 8.2 6 3.8 8 3.2 10 3.9 5 1.9 4 3.1 39 3.5

Empirical Studies 32 43.8 102 65.4 154 61.4 186 73 192 75 104 80 770 68.7

Case studies 13 17.8 37 23.7 56 22.3 59 23.1 50 19.5 23 17.7 238 21.2

Field study 13 17.8 57 36.5 78 31.1 110 43.1 111 43.4 68 52.3 437 39

Field experiment - - 2 1.3 4 1.6 1 0.4 2 0.8 2 1.5 11 1

Lab experiment 6 8.2 6 3.9 16 6.4 16 6.4 29 11.3 11 8.5 84 7.5

Total 73 100 156 100 251 100 255 100 256 100 130 100 1121 100

Page 77: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

Developed a classification system that comprises five key characteristics of diversity based on a review of prior literature1. reference discipline2. level of analysis3. Topic4. research approach5. Research method

Examined articles over a five year period, from 1995 to 1999, in five journals top journals of the field.

Analyses reveal considerable diversity in each of the key characteristics.

Page 78: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

1. Computer2. Systems/Software3. Data/Information4. Problem Domain-Specific5. Systems/Software Management6. Organizational7. Societal8. Disciplinary Issues

Eight High level Topics as “Concepts”

Page 79: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

Representation by Topic Overall

Page 80: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

Representation by Topic for Journals

Page 81: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

Representation by Organizational sub-Topic Overall

Page 82: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Vessey, I., Ramesh V., Glass, R.L. Research in information systems: An empirical study of diversity in the discipline and its journals  2002 Journal of Management Information Systems 19 (2), pp. 129-174.

Representation by Organizational sub-Topic by Journal

Page 83: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Liang, Ting-Peng (2003) Evolution of Information Systems Research. in proceedings of the 7th PACIS, 10-13 July 2003, Adelaide, South Australia, 834-842

Surveyed 3841 papers published between 1980 and 2001 in eight major IS journals. Papers were categorized according to their research themes and the theories they adopted.Found an increase in human-related research and a decline in systems-related research.

Page 84: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Evolution of Information Systems Research

from Liang, 2003

Page 85: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Evolution of Information Systems ResearchTable 2. Distribution of research topics in different stages

Adapted from Liang, 2003

Human System

Technology & Analysis

Model

Management

Research Methodology and Theory

# % # % # % # % # % 1980~1984 85 18% 231 49% 38 8% 65 14% 52 11% 1985~1991 398 17% 1027 44% 262 11% 414 18% 212 9% 1992~1998 740 21% 1358 38% 467 13% 595 17% 378 11% 1999~2001 531 27% 670 34% 283 14% 327 16% 186 9%

Page 86: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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Evolution of Information Systems ResearchFigure 2 Trends in the Five Research Areas

from Liang, 2003

Page 87: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Evolution of Information Systems Research Major driving forces behind the trends. Trend A Trend B

Rank Themes Diff. Rank Themes Diff. 1 System Design Issues +73 1 Applications in Industries or Functions +109 2 DSS/ESS/EIS +66 2 DSS/ESS/EIS -64

3 Methodologies/Philosophy +63 3 Technology Infrastructure +60 4 Managerial Issues +56 4 Theories +53 5 IS Performance Evaluation +55 5 Organizational Resource / Knowledge Management +39

6 New Software Technologies +41 6 Perception and Attitudes +38 7 Intelligent Systems +40 7 New Software Technologies +37

8 Telecommunication Systems +35 8 Methodologies/Philosophy +34

9 Analytical Models and Tools +33 9 Managerial Issues +30 10 IS Strategic Planning +33 10 Group Support +29

In Trend A, major issues that gained popularity were related to system design, e.g. system design issues, DSS/ESS/EIS, and intelligent systems

In Trend B, however, major issues shifted toapplications and technology infrastructure and away from DSS/ESS/EIS, which had amajor drop in paper publication.

There was also a substantial increase in interests in theories and human-related research; indicating that the driving force behind IS research has changed from the design of good systems to the power of technology infrastructure and user-organization requirements.

Adapted from Liang, 2003

Page 88: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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Evolution of Information Systems ResearchFigure 4. Trend in research diversity

Simpson’s index in ecological studies (Simpson, 1949) measures topic diversity (higher value indicates a higher level of diversity.) Except for a slight downturn after 1999 there is an trend toward an increase in topic diversity.See: Simpson, E. H. (1949), ”Measurement of diversity,” Nature, Vol.163, pp.688.

from Liang, 2003

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Evolution of Information Systems Research: Use of Theory

Use of theories in IS research had increased since 1993.Only 308 papers, less than 10%, had clear theoretical frameworks

from Liang, 2003

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Serenko, Alexander, Cocosila, Mihail, Turel, Ofir (2008) The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada: A Scientometric

Analysis. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 25, 279-294.

Evolution of information systems (IS) research in Canada as reflected in publications of the proceedings of the annual conference of the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada from 1974 to 2007. Sample From 1974 to 2007 (excluding 1978–1980) a total of 358 papers (55 in French and 303 in English) were published by 682 authors.

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Topic Period one Period two Period three(1974–1990) (1991–2000) (2001–2007)

E—IS management 16.77 27.47 23.27H—Information systems 21.03 17.95 17.39

D—Organizational environment 5.83 13.46 14.14

F—IS development and operations 20.46 10.32 10.86

I—IS Education and research 15.79 4.04 7.61

B—External environment 1.17 3.14 5.98

C—Information technology 4.67 9.86 3.81

Period three(2001–2007)

23.2717.39

14.14

10.86

7.61

5.98

3.81

The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada

Major Topic percentages in each period Tabular

Adapted from Serenko et al., 2008

Page 92: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

(1974–1990) (1991–2000) (2001–2007) Period one Period two Period three

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

E—IS management H—Information systems D—Organizational environment F—IS development and operations I—IS Education and research B—External environment C—Information technology

The State and Evolution of Information Systems Research in Canada

Major Topic percentages in each period Graphically

from Serenko et al., 2008

Page 93: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Sub-Topic percentages in each period Tabular

Adapted from Serenko et al., 2008

Topic Period one Period two Period three(1974–1990) (1991–2000) (2001–2007)

GA—Organizational use of IS 9.36 7.17 12.5 EI/EJ—IS evaluation and control 9.77 16.7 11.87 IB—IS research 8.77 4.04 7.61 B—External environment 1.17 3.14 5.98 FA/FC—IS development strategies, methods and tools 15.2 6.28 5.43 FD—IS implementation 5.26 4.04 5.43 HA– Supply chain management, customer relationship management, and enterprise resource planning 0.58 0.9 5.43 HD—Electronic commerce/business and eGovernment 0 1.79 5.43 DD06/7—Organizational learning, knowledge management, information flows 0 0.45 4.89 GB—Users (characteristics, attitudes, behaviors, types, and personalities) 2.34 6.28 4.89 DD01-DD04—Organizational dynamics (change, business process reengineering, innovation, information flows) 0.58 4.04 4.35

EF—IS planning (methods, issues, objectives, strategic planning, and operational planning) 0.58 2.69 4.34CA—Computer systems (computer-based communications systems and the Internet) 2.92 4.93 2.72 DA—Organizational characteristics (culture, size, structure) 4.09 5.83 2.72 EE—Project management 1.17 0.45 2.72 EG—Organizing IS (issues, structure of IS function, centralization / decentralization) 2.92 5.83 2.17

HA—AI-based systems and intelligent/interface agents (excludingn decision support systems) 4.09 2.69 2.17 EH—IS staffing 0.58 0.45 1.63 CB—Software (operating systems, algorithms, programming languages, databases) 1.75 4.93 1.09 DB—Organizational functions (departments) 0.58 3.14 1.09 DC—Task characteristics 0.58 0 1.09 HA—Decision support systems 9.94 2.24 1.09 HA– Accounting IS 1.17 0.9 1.09 HA– Interorganizational IS 0 0.45 1.09 HD—IS characteristics and features (graphical user interface) 1.75 1.8 1.09 EK—IS security 1.17 0.45 0.54 EL—IS management issues (globalization) 0.58 0.9 0 HA– Executive IS 0.58 1.35 0 HA– Group decision support systems, negotiation and collaboration 2.92 5.83 0 IA—IS education 7.02 0 0

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Changes in IT Management Concerns

94

Luftman, J. and Ben-Zvi, T. Key Issues for IT Executives 2009: Difficult Economy’s Impact on IT MIS Quarterly Executive 9 (1 ) 49-59

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Luftman, J. and Ben-Zvi, T. Key Issues for IT Executives 2009: Difficult Economy’s Impact on IT MIS Quarterly Executive 9 (1 ) 49-59

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Recent Focused Studies

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Palvia, P., Pinjani, P., Sibley, E.H. (2007) A profile of information systems research published in Information & Management. Information and Management 44 (1), pp. 1-11  

Examined all articles (768) in I&M during 13 years (1992–2005)

Determined the subject areas most often investigated

Page 98: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Palvia, P., Pinjani, P., Sibley, E.H. (2007) A profile of information systems research published in Information & Management. Information and Management 44 (1), pp. 1-11

Topic Frequency Trends

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Galliers, R.D., Whitley, E.A. Vive les differences? Developing a profile of European information systems research as a basis for international comparisons 2007 European Journal of Information Systems 16 (1), pp. 20-35

Presents a profile of European research in the IS field lies in identifying particular characteristics of the European style of research that can be compared to that undertaken in other parts of the world.

Analyzes of all papers published in the ECIS proceedings during the period 1993–2002, the paper presents the key characteristics of the ECIS conferences, together with a profile of European IS research activity as presented at ECI

Page 100: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Most Cited Sources

From Galliers and Whitley 2007

Rank Count Cited item 1 74Yin RK (1989) Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA

2 66Walsham G (1993) Interpreting Information Systems in Organisations. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

3 63Hammer M and Champy J (1993) Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution. Harper Business, New York

4 59Porter ME and Millar VE (1985) How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review 66(4), 149–160. 5 56Earl MJ (1989) Management Strategies for Information Technology. Prentice Hall, London. 6 49Checkland PB (1981) Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley, Chichester.

7 47Scott-Morton M (Ed) (1991). The Corporation of the 1990s: Information Technology and Organizational Transformation.     Oxford University Press, Oxford.

8 45Davenport TH (1993) Process Innovation: Reengineering Work Through Information Technology. Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.

8 45Hammer M (1990) Re-engineering work: don’t automate obliterate. Harvard Business Review 68(4), 104–112.

10 42Malone TJ, Yates J and Benjamin R (1987) Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies. Communications of the ACM 30(6), 484–497. 10 42Rogers EM (1995) Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York. 12 36Giddens A (1984) The Constitution of Society. Polity Press, Cambridge.

13 33Cash JI and Konsynski B (1985) IS redraws competitive boundaries. Harvard Business Review 63(2), 134–142.

13 33Nonaka I and Takeuchi H (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of     Innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

13 33Checkland P and Scholes J (1990) Soft Systems Methodology in Action. Wiley, Chichester.

16 31DeLone WH and McLean ER (1995) Information systems success: the quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems     Research 3(1), 60–95.

16 31Porter ME (1985) Competitive Advantage. Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. Competition on the Internet:     Aggregation Strategies. The Free Press, New York.

18 30Zuboff S (1988) In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power. Basic Books, New York. 18 30Porter ME (1980) Competitive Strategy. The Free Press, New York.

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Papers by Research Topic (Count and Percentage)

Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007

Year Social %IS Org. and strategic %

System dev. % DSS % Tech. %

Re. Issues % Econ. % Human %

Electr. markets %

1993 7 13 22 41 3 6 6 11 4 7 6 11 2 4 2 4 2 4

1994 7 11 32 48 9 14 6 9 3 5 5 8 1 2 2 3 1 2

1995 10 8 39 33 12 10 25 21 7 6 8 7 3 3 9 8 5 4

1996 19 14 46 34 15 11 9 7 15 11 9 7 8 6 5 4 9 7

1997 17 11 55 37 15 10 16 11 11 7 14 9 4 3 6 4 11 7

1998 21 12 54 32 22 13 18 11 5 3 15 9 9 5 11 7 14 8

1999 10 10 38 38 11 11 14 14 4 4 10 10 2 2 2 2 10 10

2000 44 17 68 27 16 6 23 9 19 7 31 12 7 3 3 1 45 18

2001 29 33 20 23 9 10 0 0 0 0 17 20 12 14 0 0 0 0

2002 19 12 24 15 18 11 3 2 13 8 35 22 17 11 12 8 16 10

Total/Ave% 183 14 398 33 130 10 120 9 81 6 150 11 65 5 52 4 113 7

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Most popular social theory sources

Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007

Rank

Count Text

1 42 Rogers (1995)2 36 Giddens (1984)3 25 Williamson (1975)4 23 Glaser & Strauss (1967)5 20 Williamson (1985)6 18 Strauss & Corbin (1990)7 17 Berger & Luckmann (1966)8 15 Coase (1937)9 14 Burrell & Morgan (1979)9 14 Latour (1987)

11 12 Polanyi (1966)11 12 Polanyi (1973)13 10 Habermas (1986)13 10 Austin (1962)13 10 Searle (1969)

Page 103: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Number of papers citing social theory sources by country

Adapted From Galliers and Whitley 2007

Country 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total UK 1 8 12 13 16 16 10 18 17 7 118Australia - 1 2 2 1 5 2 11 10 9 43Netherlands - 4 5 2 - 5 2 4 3 1 26Germany - - 1 4 3 1 1 10 2 3 25USA 1 1 2 1 2 4 - - 7 5 23Sweden - - - 1 1 5 2 3 4 6 22Denmark - 1 2 2 1 - 6 1 4 3 20France - 1 1 4 3 3 - 1  1 14Ireland - 1 1 4 1 1 3  1 1 13Italy - - 2 1 4 1 1 - - 4 13Finland - 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 11

Page 104: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

• Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is used to distill the core research areas of IS

• Analyzed abstracts from all research articles published in MISQ, ISR and JMIS over a 22 year period from 1985 through 2006 (1615 articles)

Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

Page 105: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Results• IS research can be aggregated at different levels

– Macro (research dealing with organizational & societal issues)– Micro (research examining interactions with the IT artifact at the

individual and group levels)

• 5 factor solution reveals: – IS Development– IT and Organizations– IT and Individuals– IT and Markets– IT and Groups

Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

Page 106: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Model of IS Research Identity

From Sidorova et al. 2008

Page 107: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Dynamics of Key Research Areas

From Sidorova et al. 2008

Page 108: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Implications

– The Information Systems academic discipline focuses on how IT systems are developed and how individuals, groups, organizations, and markets interact with IT.

– The field has become less technology focused and more business-process-focused over time

Sidorova, A., Evangelopoulos, A., Valacich, J.S. and Thiagarajan, R. (2008 ) Uncovering the Intellectual Core of the Information Systems Discipline," MIS Quarterly, 32(3) 467-482.

Page 109: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

AIS Basket of Six – Journal Topics

• MISQ• ISR• JMIS• EJIS• ISJ• JAIS

109

Page 110: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Management Information Systems Quarterly (MISQ)• Business Intelligence Research (Deadline October 15 2010)• Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of

Insights (Deadline September 1, 2010)• Service Innovation in the Digital Age

(Deadline January 5, 2011)

110

See: http://www.misq.org/archivist/vol/no34/issue1/MarchAds.pdf

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21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Information Systems Research (ISR)

111

Page 112: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• European Journal of Information Systems (EJIS)– Cross Organizational and Cross Border Collaboration– Information technology funding and system

justification in the organization– Behavioural and Policy Issues in Information Systems

Security – Transformational Government (t-Gov)– Meeting the Renewed Demand for IT Workers

112

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Information Systems Journal (ISJ)– Managing knowledge transfer in distributed contexts– Human–computer interaction research in the

management information systems field– Information Systems in China

113

Page 114: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Journal of Management Information Systems (JMIS)– Competitive Strategy, Economics, and Information

Systems– Structure and Complexity in Sociotechnical– E-Services and Customer-Centered Systems

114

Page 115: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Journal of the AIS– Team Collaboration in Virtual Worlds– Health Care IT: Process, People and Patients– Empirical Research on Free/Libre Open Source Software

115

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• International Journal of Electronic Commerce– Consumption, Influence, and Participation of Web Users– Click Fraud– Electronic Contract Architectures and Languages– Consumer-Focused Processes in E-Commerce

116

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Electronic Markets– Service-orientation in Electronic Markets– eCollaboration– Electronic Business in China

117

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Special Issue of JournalsForthcoming and Recent

• Business Process Management Journal– Information Systems Evaluation and Benchmarking for

Business Process Improvement

118

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Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona119

TECHNOLOGY ITMANAGEMENT COMMERCE

MethodsInternet, WebClient-ServerCollaborative SystemsWeb 2.0Cloud ComputingDeception Detection

IT Staff RetentionCIO, IT GovernanceIT Practices, SuccessProject ManagementOutsourcingERP/CRM/SCMDecision Support SystemsInformation AssuranceD Data Security, Privacy and T Trust /Crisis Response

Process VirtualizationElectronic Commerce“Alignment”Technology AdoptionGlobal ISNetwork ParadigmsSocial Networking Business ValueCollaborative CommerceEconomics and Value of Information SystemsMethodological Issues:

Interpretivistism, Qualitative Methods, Ethics

DESIGN RESEARCH

POSSIBLE CURRENT/FUTURE HOT TOPICS

Page 120: IS Research Topics  Past, Present, Future

Nicholas C. Romano, Jr.IS Research an International Perspective

21 Maggio 2010Università degli Studi di Verona

Questions?


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