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Page 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 1

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE CHATPER 1

WHAT IS LANGUAGE? Define LANGUAGE in your own words.

Once you define LANGUAGE in your own words define the terms

below:

What is communication?

What is speech? Now answer these questions:

Do nonhuman animals communicate – explain your answer?

Do nonhuman animals have language – explain your answer?

Do you know of any evidence that indicates that nonhuman animals have language?

Page 2: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 2

LANGUAGE ORIGINS, HUMAN ORIGINS Modern Humans (homo sapiens) first appeared about 150,000 years ago.

Virtually all of what we would call technological advancements have occurred during

the last 40,000 years. These basic facts present an interesting puzzle. Why do we see such a sudden

change in our species?

Richard Leakey (1994), a foremost authority on fossil records of human evolution stated:

____________ made___________ possible, and it may also have revolutionized _____________________. It allows us to entertain ______________________.

Evidence suggesting late evolution comes from comparative analyses of __________________________. According to Lieberman (1991),

______________________________________________________________

Page 3: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 3

NINE PROPERTIES/PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN LANGUAGE Language is Communicative

Communication

Arbitrary

"tree" in English "baum" in German "arbor" in Spanish

Exception = Onomatopoeia

What does this arbitrariness afford us?

Abstraction Language allows displacement of time and space.

Structured

Language is Leveled (Multilayered):

Productive/Generative:

Productive:

Creative/Generative:

Language is Evolutionary:

Page 4: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 4

NINE PROPERTIES/PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN LANGUAGE Language is not really learned or taught.

Humans are active information processors:

Language is Ambiguous

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

study of language. SCOPE OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

Language Comprehension Language Production Language Acquisition Pragmatics & Discourse

RESEARCH METHODS USED BY PSYCHOLINGUISTS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

Hypothesis

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Random Assignment

Internal Validity

Page 5: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 5

NATURAL EXPERIMENT OR QUASI EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Advantages

Disadvantages

history Maturation testing Instrumentation statistical regression toward the mean Selection Mortality

Naturalistic Observation

A study in which observations of naturally occurring behavior are made in real-life settings and are formally recorded.

Advantages

Disadvantages

Single Case Design or Case Studies

Psychobiological Measures: PET, CAT, fMRI, Surgery

Strategies for Assessing Language Development

Longitudinal

Cross-sectional

Sequential study

Page 6: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 6

THEORETICAL ISSUES NATURE VS. NURTURE

How Is The Complex Task Of Language Learning Accomplished?

Environmentalist Theories

Skinner

Verbal Behavior, 1957

Nativist Theories:

Chomsky (Syntactic Structures, 1957) proposed a Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Language Universals.

Critical or sensitive period during which the LAD can optimally function.

• Specialization in human brain for language: Broca & Wernicke's

areas.

Page 7: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGEluna.cas.usf.edu/~ruva/Psych_Language_Fall2006/Lecture_Outlines/...PSYCHOLINGUISTICS PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: The area of psychology devoted to the

Psychology of Language 7

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Wilhelm Wundt & Structuralism:

Functionalism:

HISTORY OF PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Behaviorism

Linguistics: The Skinner-Chomsky Debate

Cognitive Psychology: study of the internal processes that result in

knowledge and how this knowledge is structured. Cognitive Science: integrates research linguistics, psychobiology, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and cognitive neuroscience perspectives in order to understand more clearly how humans think and communicate.

Psycholinguistics has also been influenced byPsycholinguistics has also been influenced by:: pphhiilloossoopphhyy,,

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