INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Like love, intelligence is easier to recognize than to actually define.
Bright.Sharp<-------------------->Slow.Dull
Psychologists do not entirely agree, and have a working definition:
Intelligence refers to individuals abilities to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, and to overcome obstacles by careful thought.
HOW WOULD YOU DEFINE INTELLIGENCE ? A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.3639.pdf
IS INTELLIGENCE A SINGLE CHARACTERISTIC, OR DOES IT CONSIST OF SEVERAL DISTINCT PARTS?
A) Experts view intelligence as a general, unified capacity—a single characteristic or dimension along which people vary.
Performance on any cognitive task depends on one primary general factor.
B) Other Experts believe intelligence is actually composed of many separate mental abilities—that operate more or less independently.
Scientists suggest that there are 7 distinct domains of intelligence.
BEST, SIMPLE DEFINITION OF INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence simply defined: How well you learn, retain and apply
Difficult to measure...
STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE SCALE
The first workable intelligence test was constructed in the early 1900s.
France: How to locate students that were not “bright” enough for the regular school system (they needed special instruction).
Alfred Binet, a French Psychologist was appointed to solve the problem
The Binet test was updated and refined by Stanford University in California and is still used today
STANFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE TEST
Binet came up with four elements that he believed were important for intelligence.
1) Direction - the ability to set up a goal and work towards it
2) Adaptability - means that when faced with a problem the person can make the adjustments needed to solve it
3) Comprehension - means having a basic understanding of exactly what the problem is
4) Self-Evaluation- the person working on the problem should have some idea of whether he or she has been able to solve it correctly.
STANDFORD-BINET INTELLIGENCE TEST It is interesting to note that the same general
abilities are tested by the Stanford-Binet today. However, today there is more emphasis on
reasoning, such as analysis and critical thinking. It has been revised several times. Currently, the test
is in its fifth edition, which is called the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition, or SB5
At the original time, this was highly innovative!
IQ
Binet would calculate Intelligence Quotient by: comparing mental age, as determined by
testing, with chronological (physical) age. • To make calculation easy, the number 100 was
chosen as perfectly average.
Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100 = IQ
Note: This formula is no longer used today, it was replaced with statistical tables many years ago.
WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE
Although it was innovative, there were problems with the Binet test. It relied to much on verbal skills.
David Wechsler worked at a hospital where he handled neglected adolescents who did not have any formal education
Developed a modified intelligence test which included a part that relied on a person’s ability to reason and problem solve
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Wechsler Intelligence scale for children
(WISC)
WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE TEST
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is a test designed to measure intelligence in adults and older adolescents.
It is currently in its fourth edition (WAIS-IV). http://wechsleradultintelligencescale.com/ Scoring is more rigorous and possibly more
accurate than the Stanford-Binet test.
CRITERIA FOR INTELLIGENCE TESTS
A good intelligence test must be valid, reliable and standard.
Validity refers to how well the test accurately captures what it attempts to measure.
Reliability refers to the stability and consistency of scores the intelligence test produces.
Standardization refers to the uniformity of administering and scoring the test. This includes the process in which the test is given and interpreted.
WHAT DOES IQ MEASURE?
We use the IQ tests to determine how bright an individual is…
Test results = intelligence (there are flaws in this system!)
For instance, all of us know someone who would score high on these tests but act foolishly in most areas of life. There are people who score average but who are great problem solvers and really handle everyday life effectively.
*IQ tests measure something important, but they are not the final word on intelligence*
IQ TEST ISSUES…. Intelligence tests are traditionally biased with
the dominant culture. IQ test designed for one culture will most likely discriminate against other cultures. Intelligence tests today attempt to minimize
cultural bias by administering the test and adjusting the norms to and for a large and more representative sample of the population.
However, intelligence tests continue to be biased toward the dominant group…
SOME QUESTIONS….
5. "Bo Diddley" is a:a. game for children
b. down-home cheap wine
c. down-home singer
d. new dance
e. Moejoe call
7."Hully Gully" came from:f. East Oakland
g. Fillmore
h. Wattsd.
i. Harlem
j. Motor City
10. What are the "Dixie Hummingbirds"?a. part of the KKK
b. a swamp disease
c. a modern gospel group
d. a Mississippi Negro paramilitary group
e. Deacons
13. T-Bone Walker got famous for playing what?a. trombone
b. piano
c. "T-flute"
d. guitar
e. "Hambone"
CHITLING TEST
There has been and there continues to be much debate on the issue of race and intelligence….
The reason for the development of the “Chitling Test” was to show that blacks and whites are fundamentally opposed in their manner of speech.
Some believe that many modern day tests are racially unfair and play to the advantage of the middle class, white population.
The Chitling Test showed that African American dialect and culture are different and that they, on average, scored higher on this test.
IQ TESTS ONLINE
Many online IQ tests aren’t what they claim to be, but are just gimmicks to obtain web traffic.
There may well be valid online IQ tests, but tread carefully if you’re using them. And be wary of anyone who publicly shows off about their scores on such tests. An intelligent person would do no such thing!!
LIKE THIS IQ TEST
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wr3x5W_m7p0
You get a score… but it DOES NOT reflect your mental ability!
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Some experts argue that intelligence is so much more!
Are there other kinds of intelligence?
GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Howard Gardner proposed a view of intelligence that incorporates many non-academic abilities.
Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Intelligence is made up of seven abilities—language, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, musical, bodily movement, intrapersonal, and interpersonal. Only two of these categories are school
related The other five are considered “special
talents”
SEVEN INTELLIGENCES
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence--consists of the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and think logically.
Linguistic Intelligence-- involves having a mastery of language. This intelligence includes the ability to effectively manipulate language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically. It also allows one to use language as a means to remember information.
Spatial Intelligence-- gives one the ability to manipulate and create mental images in order to solve problems. This intelligence is not limited to visual domains-
Musical Intelligence-- encompasses the capability to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence-- is the ability to use one's mental abilities to coordinate one's own bodily movements..
Interpersonal intelligence -- the ability to understand and discern the feelings and intentions of others-- and
Intrapersonal intelligence --the ability to understand one's own feelings and motivations.
HOW WAS MAY LONG?
SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN In the past, when we put the words selfish, reckless,
irrational, irritable and impossible together we could
only be describing one thing: the teenager – that odd creature that invades our homes for what seems like an eternity and tests the limits of our reasoning skills and patience.
Throw away all of your preconceived ideas about the behaviour and nature of teenagers. New research suggests that without our turbulent teen years the human race would be "short lived and stupid.
SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN
What if teenagers are doing exactly as nature intended? Surviving:)
The Teenage Brain looks at this critical developmental stage from a scientific and evolutionary point of view. The film combines cutting edge scientific research with YouTube clips of outrageous teen behaviour and a graphic novel approach to challenge conventional thinking about the adolescent years.
It illustrates that our teens are doing precisely what they should be doing to finesse the development of their brains and ensure the survival of the human species.
SURVIVING THE TEENAGE BRAIN
This intriguing documentary features the knowledge and research of international scientists and experts!
Together, these experts present surprising new research that explains the peculiarities and immense power and potential of the teen brain.
This new perspective could change the way we school, parent and motivate these transitional Homo sapiens. It might even make them easier to live with….
http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/episodes/surviving-the-teenage-brain
