HOLY HOLY ROMAN ROMAN EMPIREEMPIRE
ROLE OF THE ROLE OF THE CHURCHCHURCH
STRUCTURE OF CHURCHSTRUCTURE OF CHURCHPope
Head of Church
Clergy
Bishops
Supervised the Priests
Priests
Lowest of all Clergy
ROLE OF CHURCHROLE OF CHURCH
• Provided:
–Sense of Security
–Community
–Faith
• Age of Faith–Religion is the center of life
REACHING SALVATIONREACHING SALVATIONSacraments
–Important religious ceremonies
Baptism
–Public acknowledgement of faith
Tithes (source of corruption)
–Payments for religious favors
CHURCH JUSTICECHURCH JUSTICECannon Law
–Law of the Church
–Courts for violators
Excommunication
–Banishment from Church
–Pope would use power over Political leaders
HOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
• Arose from Charlemagne’s Empire (late 900s AD)
• Otto I ruled Germany–Followed his hero Charlemagne
• Practiced same Government
–Alliance with Church–Defeated German Princes to gain
power
FEAR OF POWERFEAR OF POWER• Church began to resent King’s
power
Lay Investiture
Ceremony where Kings/Nobles appoint Church Officials
• Pope Gregory VII
Banned Lay Investiture
• Emperor Henry IV
demanded Gregory VII step down
HENRY IVHENRY IV VS VS GREGORY VIIGREGORY VII
HENRY IV vs GREGORY VIIHENRY IV vs GREGORY VII• Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV
• Henry asks for forgiveness
• Showdown at Canossa
– Henry traveled to Canossa, Italy (winter)
– Gregory kept Henry waiting in the snow for 3 days (no shoes)
– Gregory accepted his apology
• Henry went back home and punished the nobles who were against him
CONCORDAT OF WORMSCONCORDAT OF WORMS
• Compromise over Lay Investiture
–Church would elect Bishops and officials
–Emperor had veto power
FREDERICK IFREDERICK I
• Nickname Barbarossa (red beard)
• Military Skills dominated German Princes
• Lombard League–Enemy’s of Frederick
•Merchants and the Pope
FREDERICK IFREDERICK I
BATTLE OF LEGNANOBATTLE OF LEGNANO1177 AD
• Frederick vs. Lombard League
• Frederick suffers major defeat
1190 AD
–Frederick drowned
• Empire fell back into separate states
Q&AQ&A1. Describe the structure of the Church.
2. Why was the Church the center of society?
3. What were Tithes? How could they be abused?
4. What was Lay Investiture?
5. Who united the Church and the Holy Roman Empire?
6. Why did the Church and Empire have a fallout?
7. Who made up the Lombard League?
8. How did the Holy Roman Empire fall?
