Environmental pollution

Prepared by:

• Shwan sarwan

• Banaz S.abdul• Bashdar H.muhammed• Halwest M.rasheed

• Kaiwan N.hasan

• Kosrat S.hama salih• Muhammed

S.mustarfa• Rebaz M.abdula• Renas

F.othman

Supervised by :Dr.falakMr.rebwar

Definition of environmental pollution

Environmental Pollution are defined as the “presence of impurities or pollutant substances (gases, particulate matter, radioactive substances etc) in environment that causing the harmful effect on the human, plant and animal”.

Types of pollution

1.Air pollution2.Water pollution

3.Noise pollution

4.Soil pollution

5.Marine pollution

Air pollution

Air pollution are defined as the “presence of one or more ontaminants or pollutant substances in the atmosphere that causes the harmful effect on the human health, plant & animal”.

Types of Air pollution1. PRIMARY POLLUTANAT2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT

1. PRIMARY POLLUTANAT

Primary Pollutants: These are emitted directly from the point source (identifiable sources) e.g.carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), oxides of sulphur (SOx), Hydrocarbons, Radioactive substances etc.

2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT Secondary Pollutants: These are formed by interaction of primary pollutants with other primary pollutants or with some constituents e.g. ozone, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), photochemical smog etc.

Types of Air pollution1. PRIMARY POLLUTANAT2. SECONDARY POLLUTANT

Sources of air pollutionMan made sources

1.Burning of fossil fuels

2.Automobiles 3.Steel plants

4.fertilizer industries 5.Thermal power plant6.Textile industries7.Chemical and

pesticides plants

Natural sources

A.Forest fireB.Bio pollutions C.Volcanic eruption

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• Air pollution produced by ships may alter clouds, affecting global temperatures.

• Air pollution comes from both natural and man made sources.  

• Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution.

• Metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy industry.

• Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include spraying of pesticides and herbicides.

CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

EFFECTS OF ENVIROMENTAL POLLUTIONS

HUMAN HEALTH

Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans.Ozone pollution can cause diseases, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion.Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes.

GENERAL EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

1.Water pollution.2.Global warming.3.Toxins may pass through trophic levels,becoming exponentially more Concentrated in the process.4Carbon dioxide emissions cause ocean acidification.5.The emission of greenhouse gases leads to global warming which affects ecosystems in many ways.

Extent of pollution

Local scaleOnly affect a certain area(Air, water, land, noise)

Regional scale Spread over countriesAir and water

Global scale Spread over continentsGlobal warming/ Ozone depletion

CFCS (CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS)

Chlorofluorocarbons, commonly known as CFCs, are a group of man-made compounds containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon. They are not found anywhere in nature. The production of CFCs began in the 1930s for the purpose of refrigeration. Since then they have been extensively utilized as propellants in aerosols, as blowing agents in foam manufacture and in air conditioning. There are no removal processes or sinks for CFCs in the lowest part of the atmosphere called the troposphere. As a result they are transported up into the stratosphere, between 10 to 50 km above the Earth's surface, where they are broken down by ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun, releasing free chlorine atoms which cause significant o

OZONEThe ozone layer is a deep layer in the , stratosphere encircling the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in it. The layer shields the entire Earth from much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation that comes from the

sun. Interestingly, it is also this ultraviolet radiation that forms the ozone in the first place. Ozone is a special form of oxygen, made up of three oxygen atoms rather than the usual two oxygen atoms. It usually forms when some type of radiation or electrical discharge separates the two atoms in an oxygen molecule (O2), which can then individually recombine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3

Acid rain"Acid rain" is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids. The precursors, or chemical forerunners, of acid rain formation result from both natural sources, such as volcanoes and decaying vegetation, and man-made sources, primarily emissions of SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) and NITROGEN OXIDES (NOX)

Air pollution in indiaThe World health Organization (WHO) which rates only mega cities of the world has rated Delhi the fourth most polluted city ion the world.However compared to other cities in India, Delhi is not at the top of the list of polluted cities. Our country has several pollution hotspots. The recent release from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Parivesh, January 2003 states that Ahmedabad’s air is most noxious flowed by Kanpur, Solapur and Lucknow with small particulate levels (PM10) 3-4 times the standardIndian cities show high particulate pollution with 14 cities hitting critical levels

Controlling air pollution

1.Keep garbage, pest and animal wastes, and yard wastes out of roadside ditches, storm drains and waterways. Never dump debris of any type into a creek!

2.If you have livestock, exclude them from entering drainage ditches, creeks and streams or manage them carefully to avoid overgrazing or trampling problems

Controlling air pollution

3.Pave only where necessary. It increases runoff during storms and peak flows, resulting in flooding and erosion. Encourage water to soak in and recharge soil moisture

4. Learn about your local watershed and how it is interconnected with your immediate neighbors, the surrounding valleys, and ultimately the outside world

• www.slideshare.com/airpollution-111221031749-phpapp01

• www.slideshare.com/environmentalpollution-110611081323-phpapp02

• www.slideshare.com/pollution-100421232545-phpapp02

• www.slideshare.com/pollution-120201093443-phpapp02

• www.slideshare.com/pollutioni-110430044156-phpapp02

• www.greenpeace.org/me2

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