Endocrine & Lymphatic Systems
LAB 6
Major EndocrineGlands
Endocrine Glands Within the Brain
Pineal Gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Stalk
Pituitary Gland -Anterior -Posterior
3. Sphenoid Bone • Sella Turcica (Turkish Saddle) = Houses Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland HormonesAnterior• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
Posterior• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)• Oxytocin (OT)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
1.GH – stimulates cell growth & division
2.TSH – Stimulates thyroid gland
3.ACTH – Stimulates adrenal cortex
4.FSH/LH- Stimulates ovaries & testes
5.PRL – stimulates lactation in mammary glands
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
1.ADH – Promotes water reabsorption by kidneys
2.Oxytocin- Stimulates uterine contractions
Pineal gland
• Secretes hormone melatonin– Regulates circadian rhythm (sleep/wake cycle)
Thyroid Gland
Larynx Models
Larynx ModelPosterior View
Parathyroid Glands
1. T3 & T4 = increases metabolism
2. Calcitonin = promotes bone deposition• Removes Calcium from blood
Thyroid Gland Hormones:
Parathyroid Gland Hormones:
1. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) = Promotes bone resorption• Increases blood
AdrenalGlands KidneyKidney
Ovaries
Adrenal Gland
medulla
Cortex
Adrenal Medulla Epinephrine (adrenaline) & Norepinephrine
•“Fight or Flight” hormones• Stress Response
Adrenal Cortex (Steroid Hormones) Aldosterone: Increases sodium reabsorption by kidneys
Cortisol: Gluconeogenesis• Glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrates
Sex Hormones: supplement gonads
Kidneys Erythropoietin• Stimulates RBC production
Pancreas
Pancreatic islets(Isets of Langerhans)
Alpha Cells
Beta Cells
Glucagon
Insulin
Delta Cells Somatostatin
Pancreas hormones
• Glucagon: Raises blood glucose– Gluconeogenesis– Glycogenolysis
• breakdown of glycogen into glucose
• Insulin: Lowers blood glucose– Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
Thymus
Secretes Thymosin: Promotes T-cell maturation
• Ovaries – secretes estrogen/progesterone
• Testes – secretes testosterone
Estrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone = steroid hormones
Thoracic Duct
Left Subclavian vein
Right Lymphatic DuctRight Subclavian Vein
Cervical Lymph nodes
Axillary Lymph nodes
Inguinal Lymph Nodes
Abdominal (Mesenteric) Lymph Nodes
Supratrochlear Lymph Nodes
Thoracic Lymph Nodes
Tonsils
Appendix
• Thought to serve as a lymphatic organ
Thymus gland & Spleen
Thymus gland – Development of T lymphocytes
Spleen – removes viruses, bacteria, and old RBC from circulation
Lymph Node Slide
medulla
Nodule
Cortex
• Cortex = Nodules of B-Cell lymphocytes• Medulla = T-Cell Lymphocytes & Macrophages
Spleen
Red Pulp – Composed of red blood cellsWhite Pulp – Composed of white blood cells
White Pulp
Red Pulp
