Transcript
Page 1: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Earth Shakes, Rattles, and Rolls

Plate Tectonics Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Page 2: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

What is the relationship between the earth’s plates, volcanoes, and earthquakes?

Page 4: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Earthquakes

Page 5: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://hsv.com/scitech/earthsci/quake.htm

Volcanoes

Page 6: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Let’s look at those maps again.

Page 7: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Plates

Earthquakes

Volcanoes

Page 8: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Earthquakes and Volcanoes are found

where plates meet.

Page 9: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Evidence Wegener used to support theory of

continental drift: • Continents fit like a puzzle • Fossil evidence• Rocks were similar in Africa and

South America• Evidence Antarctica once had a

tropical climate

Page 10: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

How did geologists explain how the earth’s

plates moved?

Mid-Atlantic Ridge allows mantle to seep to surface through cracks and pushes plates of the earth apart.

Page 11: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Seafloor spreading animation

To see how geologists believe the plates moved go to the site below.

Notice the Atlantic Ocean seafloor spreading.

Page 12: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

•Crust

•Mantle

•Outer core

•Inner core

Page 13: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Types of Mountains

•Folded •Fault-block•Volcanic •Unwarped

Page 14: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://www.cssd11.k12.co.us/dohnts/images/earth/fldmtn.jpg

FOLDED MOUNTAINS

Page 15: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

FOLDED MOUNTAINS

•Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, and the Swiss Alps in Switzerland

•form when two plates collide head on, and their edges crumble

•consist mainly of sedimentary rocks, like limestone and shale

Page 16: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

FAULT-BLOCK

MOUNTAINS

Page 17: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

FAULT-BLOCK MOUNTAINS

•Consist of huge blocks of the earth's crust that have been tilted or pushed up along a fracture line called a fault

•Sierra in California, Arizona is an example.

• Created when a plate hits a fault and tips upside down, creating erosion and debris, which is at the base of the mountain.

Page 18: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN

NAMIBIA IN AFRICA

Page 19: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Volcanic mountains

•Formed when molten rock, or magma deep within the earth, erupts, and piles upon the surface

•Made of basalt and rhyolite.

•Takes place where two of the earth's tectonic plates collide.

Page 20: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

UNWARPED MOUNTAINS

•Black Hills in South Dakota

•form when tectonic forces lift the earth's crust into a broad bulge or dome raising it above its surroundings

•Erosion causes peaks and valleys to form.

Page 21: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls
Page 22: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Convection currents in action! At left, two animal cookies represent two of the Earth's tectonic plates. At right, the two plates have moved apart, much like what happens at a divergent margin. The chocolate pudding represents the Earth's mantle. The heat source beneath the pot created convection cells in the chocolate pudding. Think of the cookie on the left as South America, and the cookie on the right as Africa. Over time they have moved apart. You'll see this again.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://visearth.ucsd.edu:16080/VisE_teach/Kimball/untitled18.jpg&imgrefurl=http://visearth.ucsd.edu:16080/VisE_teach/Kimball/Kimball2.html&h=200&w=308&sz=35&tbnid=sEa1xg46QVMJ:&tbnh=72&tbnw=110&start=9&prev=/images%3Fq%3DCONVECTION%2BCURRENTS%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

Page 23: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Convection currents in the Earth's mantle are what drive plate motions. Convection currents are driven by the simple fact that hot things (such as gases and liquids) rise while cool things fall.

Page 24: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Convection currents in the magma move the earth’s crust.

Page 25: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

epicenterThe point on the surface of Earth that is right

above the focus of an earthquake

                                                

http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/define/gr4/epicenter4c.html

Page 26: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://uc.wisc.edu/news/features/quake/pwaves.html

Page 27: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/animations/earthquakes/

Go to this site to see an animation of the path of p waves and s waves

Page 28: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Earthquakes

How do we measure the intensity of an earthquake?

Page 29: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Seismographmeasures

or the strength of an earthquake

Page 30: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Seismograph records energy waves of the earth

Page 31: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

V. •People feel movement. •Doors open •Pictures fall off wall.

VII. •Some buildings lose bricks. •Difficulty driving.IX.

Considerable damage to homes. Cracks in earth.

XII. •Almost everything is destroyed.• The ground moves in waves or ripples.  

Mercalli ScaleI.People do not feel anything .

Page 32: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Richter Scale

Earthquake Magnitudes Effects 

Less than 3.5 Generally not felt 

3.5-5.4 Rarely causes damage.

Under 6.0 Slight damage to well-designed buildings. 

6.1-6.9 Destructive to about 100 kilometers across

 

7.0-7.9 Major earthquake. Serious damage over larger areas. 

8 or greater Great earthquake.

Page 33: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Each number is 10X stronger than the previous number.

How much stronger is the 3 than the 1? 100

Times

How much stronger is the 8 than the 1?

10,000,000Write the number in scientific notation. 106

Page 34: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Why is the Richter Scale more accurate than the Mercalli Scale?

•The Richter Scale is objective and based on mathematical measurements.

•The Mercalli scale is subjective and based on people’s perception and experience.

•On Mercalli scale if the area is unihabited there is no way to measure the magnitude of the earthquake.

Page 35: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Richter Magnitude Number of Earthquakes per year

1.0 to 3.9 900,000 +

4.0-4.9 6200

5.0-5.9 800

6.0-6.9 226

7.0-7.9 18

8.0-8.9 Less than 2

Page 37: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

San Francisco Earthquake 1906

Page 38: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Alaska Earthquake 1964

Page 39: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Earthquakes in the ocean cause

Page 40: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Destruction

30’ Wall of Water

Page 41: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

Types of Volcanos

•Composite

•Cinder Cone

•Shield

Page 42: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/typesb.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

•have small craters in their summits

•Vesuvius, Krakatoa, Fujiyama, and Mount St. Helens

•tens of miles across and ten thousand or more feet in height.

Page 43: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/typesb.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

•consist almost entirely of loose, grainy cinders and almost no lava

•steep sides and usually have a small crater on top

•small volcanoes

Page 44: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/typesb.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

•hundreds of miles across and many tens of thousands of feet high.

•Mauna Loa

•consist almost entirely of frozen lavas

•large craters at their summits.

Page 45: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

• largest single mountain in the world

•30,000 +feet above the ocean floor

• 100 miles across at its base.

Page 46: Earth shakes rattles_and_rolls

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/volcano/labelvolcano.shtml

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/volcanoes/typesb.GIF&imgrefurl=http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/volcanoes/vtypesvolcan1.html&h=236&w=265&sz=14&tbnid=qZF0vXnHnOkJ:&tbnh=96&tbnw=107&start=19&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomposite%2Bvolcano%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN

Image Resources

For additional diagrams of volcanoes click below:


Top Related