Download - Definition of British Royal Family

8/3/2019 Definition of British Royal Family

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BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY

A.

Definition of British Royal Family

The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the monarch of the United

Kingdom. The term is also commonly applied to the same group of people as the relations

of the monarch in her or his role as sovereign of any of the other Commonwealth realms,

thus sometimes at variance with official national terms for the family.[1]

Members of the

Royal Family belong to, either by birth or marriage, the House of Windsor, since 1917,

when George V changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. This

decision was primarily taken because Britain and her Empire were at war with Germany

and given the British Royal Family's strong German ancestry, it was felt that its public

image could be improved by choosing a more British house name. The new name chosen,

Windsor, had absolutely no connection other than as the name of the castle which was

and continues to be a royal residence.

Although in the United Kingdom there is no strict legal or formal definition of who is

or is not a member of the Royal Family, and different lists will include different people,those carrying the style Her or His Majesty (HM), or Her or His Royal Highness (HRH)

are always considered members, which usually results in the application of the term to the

monarch, the consort of the monarch, the widowed consorts of previous monarchs, the

children of the monarch and previous monarchs, the male-line grandchildren of the

monarch and previous monarchs, and the spouses and the widows of a monarch's and

previous monarch's sons and male-line grandsons.

Members and relatives of the British Royal Family historically represented the

monarch in various places throughout the British Empire, sometimes for extended periods

as viceroys, or for specific ceremonies or events. Today, they often perform ceremonial

and social duties throughout the United Kingdom and abroad on behalf of the UK, but,

aside from the monarch, have no constitutional role in the affairs of government. This is

the same for the other realms of the Commonwealth though the family there acts on

behalf of, is funded by, and represents the sovereign of that particular state, and not the

United Kingdom.
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B. History of British Royal Family

Queen Elizabeth II became Queen of the United

Kingdom and Head of the Commonwealth on

February 6, 1952. As of today she has reigned for 59

years, 9 months and 9 days59 years, 9 months and 9

days, and she will celebrate the Diamond (60th)

Jubilee of her reign in 2012, including an official

Jubilee Weekend on 2nd-5th June. She is head of the

British Royal Family, has 4 children, 8 grandchildrenand 1 great-grandchild, and is 85 years, 6 months and

25 days85 years, 6 months and 25 days old. Her first great-grandchild was born on 29

December 2010.

She is the 32nd great-granddaughter ofKing Alfred the Great who was the first effective

King of England 871-899. On 21st December 2007 she became the oldest reigning British

monarch having outlived her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria who died 22nd January

1901 aged 81 years, 7 months and 29 days.

On 12th May 2011 Queen Elizabeth II became the 2nd longest reigning monarch in over

1,200 years of British History. She will have to reign until 10th Sept 2015 when she will be

89 years old to reign longer than her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria who reigned for

63 years and 216 days from 1837-1901. See British Kings & Queens by Length of Reign.

Her eldest son Prince Charles who was 62 years old on 14th November 2010 is currently

the longest waiting and 2nd oldest ever heir apparent, and would by that time be the oldest

heir apparent at 66 years old. See British Kings & Queens by Age of Ascent.

The Queen's husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is 90 years, 5 months and 6

days90 years, 5 months and 6 days old, and celebrated his 90th birthday on 10th June 2011.

He is the longest ever serving Royal Consort and oldest serving spouse of a reigning British

monarch.
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On 29th April 2011 the Queen's grandson Prince William, who is 2nd in line to the

throne, married Catherine (Kate) Middleton in Westminster Abbey. They are now the Duke

and Duchess of Cambridge.

Elizabeth II is Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and

Head of the Commonwealth of Nations. Great Britain was formed 304 years ago by the Act

of Union between England and Scotland on 1st April 1707. More about Great Britain

As well as the United Kingdom, she is Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand,

Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu,

Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, and Saint Kitts

and Nevis, where she is represented by Governors-General. The sixteen countries of whichshe is Queen are known as Commonwealth Realms, and their combined population is 134

million.

She is Head of the Commonwealth of Nations comprising 54 member states in North

America, South America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. The aims of the Commonwealth include

the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual

liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism, and world peace. The 2.1 billion people in

the member states account for almost a third of the current world population.

Her reign of over more than half a century has seen 12 Prime Ministers of the United

Kingdom, and numerous Prime Ministers in the Commonwealth Realms of which she is (or

was) also Head of State; between them she has had a total of 140 Prime Ministers during her

reign. There have been 12 US Presidents during her reign.
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The Royal Family Name

People often ask whether members of the Royal Family have a surname, and,

if so, what it is.

Members of the Royal Family can be known both by the name of the Royal

house, and by a surname, which are not always the same. And often they do not use a

surname at all.

Before 1917, members of the British Royal Family had no surname, but only

the name of the house or dynasty to which they belonged.

Kings and princes were historically known by the names of the countries overwhich they and their families ruled. Kings and queens therefore signed themselves by

their first names only, a tradition in the United Kingdom which has continued to the

present day.

The names of dynasties tended to change when the line of succession was

taken by a rival faction within the family (for example, Henry IV and the

Lancastrians, Edward IV and the Yorkists, Henry VII and the Tudors), or when

succession passed to a different family branch through females (for example, Henry II

and the Angevins, James I and the Stuarts, George I and the Hanoverians).

Just as children can take their surnames from their father, so sovereigns

normally take the name of their 'House' from their father. For this reason, Queen

Victoria's eldest son Edward VII belonged to the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (the

family name of his father Prince Albert). Edward VII's son George V became the

second king of that dynasty when he succeeded to the throne in 1910.


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In 1917, there was a radical change, when George V specifically adopted

Windsor, not only as the name of the 'House' or dynasty, but also as the surname of

his family. The family name was changed as a result of anti-German feeling during

the First World War, and the name Windsor was adopted after the Castle of the same

name.

At a meeting of the Privy Council on 17 July 1917, George V declared that 'all

descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are subjects of these realms,

other than female descendants who marry or who have married, shall bear the name of

Windsor'.

The Royal Family name of Windsor was confirmed by The Queen after her

accession in 1952. However, in 1960, The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh decided

that they would like their own direct descendants to be distinguished from the rest of

the Royal Family (without changing the name of the Royal House), as Windsor is the

surname used by all the male and unmarried female descendants of George V.

It was therefore declared in the Privy Council that The Queen's descendants,

other than those with the style of Royal Highness and the title of Prince/Princess, or

female descendants who marry, would carry the name of Mountbatten-Windsor.

This reflected Prince Philip's surname. In 1947, when Prince Philip of Greece

became naturalised, he assumed the name of Philip Mountbatten as a Lieutenant in the

Royal Navy.

The effect of the declaration was that all The Queen's children, on occasions

when they needed a surname, would have the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.

For the most part, members of the Royal Family who are entitled to the style

and dignity of HRH Prince or Princess do not need a surname, but if at any time any

of them do need a surname (such as upon marriage), that surname is Mountbatten-

Windsor.


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The surname Mountbatten-Windsor first appeared on an official document on

14 November 1973, in the marriage register at Westminster Abbey for the marriage of

Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips.

A proclamation on the Royal Family name by the reigning monarch is not

statutory; unlike an Act of Parliament, it does not pass into the law of the land. Such a

proclamation is not binding on succeeding reigning sovereigns, nor does it set a

precedent which must be followed by reigning sovereigns who come after.

Unless The Prince of Wales chooses to alter the present decisions when he

becomes king, he will continue to be of the House of Windsor and his grandchildren

will use the surname Mountbatten-Windsor.


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Family tree of members
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C. In the United Kingdom Public role and image

Members of the Royal Family participate in hundreds of public engagements

yearly throughout the whole of the United Kingdom, as formally recorded in the

Court Circular, to honour, encourage and learn about the achievements or endeavours

of individuals, institutions and enterprises in a variety of areas of life. As

representatives of HM The Queen, they often also join the nation in commemorating

historical events, holidays, celebratory and tragic occurrences, and may also sponsor

or participate in numerous charitable, cultural and social activities. Their travels

abroad on behalf of the UK (called State Visits when the sovereign officially meets

with other heads of state) draw celebrity-like attention to amicable relations within

and between the Commonwealth and other nations, to British goods and trade, and to

Britain as a historical, vacation, and tourist destination. Their presence, activities and

traditional roles constitute the apex of a modern "royal court," and provide a distinctly

British and historical pageantry to ceremonies (e.g. Trooping the Colour) and flavour

to public events (e.g. Garden Parties, Ascot). Throughout their lives they draw

enormous media coverage in the form of photographic, written and televised

commentary on their activities, family relationships, rites of passage, personalities,

attire, behaviour, and public roles. Senior members of the Royal Family often drive

themselves instead of having a driver.[4]

In a lengthy interview conducted by PBS prior to the death ofDiana, Princess

of Wales in August 1997,[5]

Max Hastings, editor of theDaily Telegraphbetween

1986 and 1995, discussed the impact ofAndrew Morton's and Jonathan Dimbleby's

biographies of, respectively, Diana, Princess of Wales and HRH The Prince of Wales

on subsequent news coverage of the Royal Family in the UK.

FundingMembers of the Royal Family carry out public duties; these individuals

receive an annual payment known as a Parliamentary Annuity, the funds being

supplied to cover office costs.

These amounts are repaid by HM The Queen from her private funds.
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Though always voluntarily subject to the Value Added Tax and other indirect

taxes, HM The Queen agreed to pay taxes on income and capital gains from 1992,

although the details of this arrangement are both voluntary and secret. At the same

time it was announced that only HM The Queen and HRH The Duke of Edinburghwould receive civil list payments. Since 1993, HM The Queen's personal estate (e.g.

shareholdings, personal jewellery, Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle) will be

subject to Inheritance Tax, though bequests from Sovereign to Sovereign are exempt.

Royal styles and titles

Members of the Royal Family in the Royal box at Westminster Abbey during

the coronation ofElizabeth II.

The styleHis Majesty orHer Majesty (HM) is enjoyed by a king, a queen

regnant, a queen consort, and a queen dowager. Use of the styleHis Royal Highness

orHer Royal Highness (HRH) and the titular dignity ofPrince or Princessare

governed by Letters Patent issued by George V on 30 November 1917 and published

in theLondon Gazetteon 11 December 1917. These Letters Patent state that

henceforth only the children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the

Sovereign, and the eldest son of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales would "have

and at all times hold and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness with their

titular dignity of Prince or Princess prefixed to their respective Christian names orwith their other titles of honour." They further state, "the grandchildren of the sons of
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any such Sovereign in the direct male line (save only the eldest living son of the eldest

son of the Prince of Wales) shall have the style and title enjoyed by the children of

Dukes."

Under these conventions, HM The Queen's children, the children of HRH The

Prince of Wales, HRH The Duke of Yorkand HRH The Earl of Wessex would all be

titled Princes or Princesses and styled Royal Highness, as would be the eldest son of

HRH The Duke of Cambridge. However, upon HRH The Earl of Wessex's marriage

in 1999, it was announced that his children would always be styled as an earl's

children. The Duke of Gloucester, The Duke of Kent, Princess Alexandra, The Hon

Lady Ogilvy and Prince Michael of Kent enjoy the titular dignity of Prince or Princess

and the style Royal Highness as male-line grandchildren of HM King George V.

However, none of their children (being merely great-grandchildren of a monarch)

have royal titles. For example, the children ofPrince Michael of Kent are known as

Lord Frederick Windsor and Lady Gabriella Windsor, the courtesy titles as children

of a duke. They are not entitled to any royal title. The children of HRH The Princess

Royal, HRH Princess Alexandra, and the late Princess Margaret, Countess of

Snowdon, are not entitled to any royal title since princesses do not transmit their titles

to their children. An exception to this rule was when HM King George VI issued

Letters Patent such that his heiress presumptive, HRH The Princess Elizabeth,

Duchess of Edinburgh, could transmit her title to her children. HRH Princess

Margaret, Countess of Snowdon's son enjoys the courtesy title Viscount Linley as the

son and heir ofThe Earl of Snowdon, while her daughter enjoys the courtesy title

Lady. The children of HRH The Princess Royal and of HRH Princess Alexandra have

no titles, because Mark Phillips and Sir Angus Ogilvy did not accept hereditary

peerages upon marriage.

Women marrying sons and male-line grandsons of a Sovereign are normally

styled Her Royal Highness followed by the feminised version of her husband's highest

title. The wives of royal peers are known as "HRH The Duchess of ..." or " HRH The

Countess of ..." Thus, the wives of HRH The Duke of Cambridge, HRH The Earl of

Wessex, HRH The Duke of Gloucester and HRH The Duke of Kent are "HRH The

Duchess of Cambridge," "HRH The Countess of Wessex," "HRH The Duchess of

Gloucester," and "HRH The Duchess of Kent," respectively. Before their divorces,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Gabriella_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_VIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Linley,_Viscount_Linley&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Phillipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie,_Countess_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine,_Duchess_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine,_Duchess_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgitte,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie,_Countess_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine,_Duchess_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peeragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Phillipshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Linley,_Viscount_Linley&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_VIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Gabriella_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Frederick_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alexandra,_The_Honourable_Lady_Ogilvyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Richard,_Duke_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_William,_Duke_of_Cambridgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp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Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of Yorkenjoyed the respective titles

and styles of "HRH The Princess of Wales," and "HRH The Duchess of York".

However, when a woman marries a prince who does not hold a peerage, she is known

as HRH Princess [Her husband's Christian name], followed by whatever territorial ortitular designation. For example, the former Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz

enjoys the title and style of "HRH Princess Michael of Kent," and not "HRH Princess

Marie-Christine of Kent." Similarly, the former Birgitte Eva van Deurs was titled

"HRH Princess Richard of Gloucester" from her wedding until her husband succeeded

to his father's dukedom in 1974. The widows of princes remain HRH. However, under

HM The Queen's 21 August 1996 Letters Patent, a divorced wife of a Prince of The

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland "shall not be entitled to hold

and enjoy the style, title or attribute of Royal Highness."

There has been one exception to the convention that wives of princes take

their husband's rank. In Letters Patent dated 28 May 1937, King George VI

specifically denied the style HRH to the wife of HRH The Duke of Windsor, the

former King Edward VIII. Therefore, the former Wallis Warfield Simpson was

known as "Her Grace The Duchess of Windsor," not "HRH The Duchess of

Windsor."

Another exception was made in the case of the last blue-blood to marry into

the British Royal Family: Princess Marina who, being a Princess ofGreece and

Denmarkby birth, reverted to her own princely style ("HRH Princess Marina,

Duchess of Kent") after being widowed, rather than a dowager's style "HRH The

Dowager Duchess of Kent". Her sister-in-law (born The Lady Alice Montagu

Douglas Scott) was given special dispensation by HM The Queen to use a similar

style when she was widowed (HRH Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester) despite

not being herself a princess, rather than the more usual dowager's style, "HRH The

Dowager Duchess of Gloucester".

Following on a reluctance by the public to universally support the second wife

of HRH The Prince of Wales, it was announced by Clarence House that, should the

Prince become King, his wife HRH The Duchess of Cornwall will not be known as

HM The Queen but will take the lesser title of HRH The Princess Consort. Out of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchess_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birgitte_Eva_van_Deurs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis,_Duchess_of_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility#.22Blue.22_bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Alice,_Duchess_of_Gloucesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Marina_of_Greece_and_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobility#.22Blue.22_bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis,_Duchess_of_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birgitte_Eva_van_Deurs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Michael_of_Kenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchess_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah,_Duchess_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales


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respect for the late Diana, Princess of Wales, it was also announced that HRH would

not be known as The Princess of Wales.

The daughters and male-line granddaughters of the Sovereign do not lose

their royal titles upon marriage. Men who marry the daughters and the male-line

granddaughters of the Sovereign, however, do not acquire their wives' royal rank and

the style HRH.

Peerages

The British Royal Family in 1880.

Female consorts of the British sovereign have not been created peers or

peeresses. Male consorts, however, have sometimes been granted dukedoms. Prince

George of Denmark, the husband of the future Queen Anne, was created Duke of

Cumberland in 1683. Queen Victoria's husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and

Gotha, was given the style Royal Highness before his marriage. In 1857, Queen

Victoria granted him title ofPrince Consort; however, Prince Albert was not made a

British peer. Prince Philip, husband of the present Queen, was created Duke of

Edinburgh and granted the style Royal Highness the day before his wedding (which

occurred prior to her accession).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Cumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Cumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Family_In_1880.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Edinburghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consorthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Victoriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Cumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_of_Cumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_of_Great_Britainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmarkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales


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Generally, the sons of the Sovereign are awarded peerage dignities to mark

either adulthood or marriage. Originally, younger sons of the Sovereign were not

styled Princes (except the Prince of Wales); thus, to indicate their exalted rank,

peerage dignities were conferred upon them. From the time of Edward III, nearlyevery son of a Sovereign surviving into adulthood became a Duke. Certain dukedoms

were granted more often than others, including the dukedoms of York, Albany and

Clarence. Normally, a peerage once awarded to a member of the Royal Family is not

thereafter granted to any person outside the Royal Family (though some exceptions do

exist).

The Dukedom of York is generally created for the second son of the

Sovereign. The first creation was in 1384; the dukedom merged in the Crown in 1461.

Every Duke thereafter has either died without heirs or succeeded to the Crown, and so

has not been able to leave the Royal Family. The pattern of awarding the dukedom to

the second-eldest son of the Sovereign was upset by George I, who gave the

Dukedom of York and Albany to his younger brother. The Dukedom of York and

Albany was next granted by George II to the second son of his son, who had

predeceased him. York and Albany featured one last time as a dukedom in 1784,

when George III granted it to his second son. Thereafter, the dukedom has always

borne the designation York, rather than York and Albany. The current duke is The

Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II.

The Dukedom of Albany served a function similar to the Dukedom of York in

Scotland. The dukedom was created in 1398 for Robert Stewart, brother of King

Robert III. It was at the time the only dukedom other than the Dukedom of Rothesay.

It was created thrice more in Scotland: twice for the second son of a Sovereign, and

once for a brother of a Sovereign. It was last created in 1881, for the fourth son of

Queen Victoria; the dukedom was then suspended under the Titles Deprivation Act

after its holder fought on the side of Germany during World War I. It is therefore

considered neither available nor desirable for regrant.

There are several other dukedoms that have been used for members of the

Royal Family. Clarence was first used as a dukedom in 1362, most of the time being

granted to the third son of the Sovereign. Among the dukedoms granted to still
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younger sons of the Sovereign are Cambridge, Connaught, Cumberland, Edinburgh,

Gloucester, Kent and Sussex others in the Scottish peerage have included Ross and

Kintyre. Some of those dukedoms were used for younger brothers, nephews and other

kinsmen of Sovereigns. The dukedom of Windsor was also a Royal dukedom, beinggranted to Edward VIII after he abdicated so that he could marry against the tenets of

the Church of England.

Often, sons of the Sovereign were granted titles associated with England and

Scotland, later with Ireland, and most recently with Wales. Thus, the Dukedom of

Strathearn (named after a place in Scotland) has been held with the Dukedoms of

Connaught (named after an Irish province), Kent and Cumberland (both named after

English places). This pattern continues in the present Royal Family. The current Duke

of York, for example, is also Earl of Inverness and Baron Killyleagh; the subsidiary

titles are associated with Scotland and Northern Ireland, respectively.

The convention of granting dukedoms to senior members of the Royal Family

was broken most recently in 1999, when The Prince Edward was created Earl of

Wessex. The Earldom of Wessex had not been created earlier by an English or British

Sovereign since 1066. It has been suggested that the Dukedom of Edinburgh willeventually be granted to The Earl of Wessex. The current dukedom will descend to

The Prince of Wales, however, and not to the Earl of Wessex. Should The Prince of

Wales become Sovereign, or should he already be Sovereign when the dukedom

passes to him, the dukedom would merge in the Crown and then only become

available for a regrant.

The highest peerage dignity belonging to a Prince may be used as a part of the

title of that Prince's children. Thus, the unmarried son of The Prince of Wales is

Prince Harry of Wales; the daughters of the Duke of York are Princess Beatrice of

York and Princess Eugenie of York; the children of the Earl of Wessex are Lady

Louise Windsor and Viscount Severn. (In the last case, Lady Louise and Lord Severn

are always (and without exception) referred to as such, at the wishes of their parents

and by order of The Queen, but are nonetheless thought by some experts to legally

retain their princely titles (i.e. Princess Louise of Wessex and Prince James of

Wessex))
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killyleaghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Harry_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Eugenie_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_Viscount_Severnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James,_Viscount_Severnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Louise_Windsorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Eugenie_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Beatrice_of_Yorkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Harry_of_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killyleaghhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invernesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom


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Sovereigns, especially Charles II, have sometimes granted peerage dignities to

illegitimate children. James Scott became Duke of Monmouth in 1663. Many more

creations, mostly earldoms, followed in the 1670s: Charles FitzCharles became Earl

of Plymouth, Charles FitzRoy Duke of Southampton, Henry FitzRoy Earl of Euston,George FitzRoy Earl of Northumberland, Charles Beauclerk Earl of Burford and

Charles Lennox Duke of Richmond and Lennox. Many of the earls who were sons of

Charles later became Dukes. Of the current Dukes, four are male-line descendants of

Charles in the illegitimate line: the Duke of Richmond, Lennox and Gordon, the Duke

of Buccleuch and Queensberry, the Duke of Grafton and the Duke of St Alban's.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scott,_1st_Duke_of_Monmouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_FitzCharles,_1st_Earl_of_Plymouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_FitzRoy,_1st_Duke_of_Southamptonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fitzroy,_1st_Duke_of_Graftonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Fitzroy,_1st_Duke_of_Northumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Beauclerk,_1st_Duke_of_St_Albanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lennox,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond_and_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lennox,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond_and_Lennoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Beauclerk,_1st_Duke_of_St_Albanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Fitzroy,_1st_Duke_of_Northumberlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fitzroy,_1st_Duke_of_Graftonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_FitzRoy,_1st_Duke_of_Southamptonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_FitzCharles,_1st_Earl_of_Plymouthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Scott,_1st_Duke_of_Monmouth

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