Download - Daily Jumpstart Give examples of nutrients. Why are nutrients essential for living organisms?
Daily Jumpstart
• Give examples of nutrients. Why are nutrients essential for living organisms?
Next week!
• Monday your two science articles are due.
• Monday you will have a quiz on the levels of the biosphere, food webs, and ecological pyramids.
In order to survive, a hawk eats 30
pounds of lizards in a month. In that
same month in order to survive, those
lizards have to eat 300 pounds of crickets.
How many pounds of grass do those
crickets have to eat in order to survive?
• A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
• a. first-level producer.
• b. first-level consumer.
• c. second-level producer.
• d. third-level consumer.
• Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
• a. used in reproduction.• b. stored as body tissue. • c. stored as fat.• d. eliminated as heat.
Today
• Discuss First Biogeochemical Cycle
• Watch Video on Cycle
• Create Cycle of your Ecosystem
• Make observations of Ecosystem
BIOGEOCHEMICALCYCLES
3-3
http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle
Energy is not the only thingthat moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only transformed.
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
Take a deep breath.The atoms you just inhaled may have been inhaled by a dinosaur millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
ENERGY & MATTER
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the body in most organisms
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
Elements, chemical compounds, and Other forms of matter are passed fromOne organism to another and from onePart of the biosphere to another in:
___________________________BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Complete for your Ecobottle
• Complete one water for your ecobottle.
• Use all of the biotic and abiotic factors you have inside your bottles. The classroom environment may also contribute to the cycles.
Ecobottle Observations • Date: 2/25/11
• Time:
• General impressions: This is the first section you complete. Writing should be qualitative and should include observations like: the bottle smells like ??, water color?
• Each Chamber: Write Quantitative observations. There is 1 fish left. There are now 5 grasshoppers instead of 3. There is a 6 cm ring of mold around the cap.
PH ONLINE LINK Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
WATER CYCLE
evaporation
condensation
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
The return of water tothe surface in the form ofrain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.= ____________________
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant leaves = ________________
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
TRANSPIRATION
PRECIPITATION
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
Cycle Expert
• In your group of 3 you will be an expert on ONE cycle.
• Gather information from your text book in order to answer the questions.
• Answer questions in COMPLETE sentences in your NOTEBOOK!
• Not in a complete sentence? = NO credit
Warm-Up
• How have we as humans disrupted the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycle?
• How can we fix this problem?
Warm-Up
1. The movement of water from the surface of a plant is termed?
2. What is the difference between this and regular evaporation? How are they similar?
Today• You have 10 minutes to finish answering
questions.• You will then go back to your group and teach
your cycle to the group.• The rest of the group will listen and write down
answers to the questions. • NO JUST COPYING ANWERS you must talk out
the answers! • Water cycle first, then Carbon, then Nitrogen
In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria that live on the roots of plants
A. Break down nitrogen compounds into nitrogen gas.
B. Denitrify nitrogen compounds
C. Change nitrogen gas into plant proteins
D. Change nitrogen gas into ammonia
• Which of the following is NOT recycled in the biosphere?
• a. water c. carbon
• b. nitrogen d. energy
• What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
• a. nitrogen fixation
• b. excretion
• c. decomposition
• d. denitrification
• How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
• a. in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
• b. underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rock
• c. in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide
• d. all of the above
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
• a. energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.
• b. energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available.
• c. nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles.
• d. energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat.
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that• a. human activity will have no effect on
elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter.
• b. living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient.
• c. nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere.
• d. many nutrients will not reach toxic concentrations in the biosphere.
Ecobottles
• Diagram of ecobottle: Webmaster
• Food Web: Lead biologist
• Organism drawings: construction worker
• 5 day hypotheses: everyone
• Water and carbon cycle: everyone
• Observations: Everyone – This should be your 4 observation
CARBON CYCLECO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
4 main CARBON reservoirs in BIOSPHERE
CO2 inatmosphere
CO2 inOcean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
1.In ____________ as CO2 gas 2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil
fuels) and calcium carbonate in rocks
atmosphereocean
landUnderground
Where does CO2 in atmosphere come from? CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 inOcean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
1.________________ 2.______________ 3._________________4.____________ of dead organisms
Volcanic activityHuman activity (burning fossil fuels)Cellular respirationDecomposition
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Found in all the _______________ of cells: carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
BUILDING BLOCKS
Carbon Cycle Questions
– In what ways do humans contribute to the Carbon Cycle ?
– Looking at the diagram you drew, what processes cause carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere? What process takes it in?
– In what form is Carbon found in oceans? Where is it found, and what eventually happens to it?
Warm-Up
• Write least three questions about any of the topics covered so far in ecology.
Review of the Carbon Cycle
• Speculate on possible pathways a carbon atom might follow over a short and long time and possible reservoirs where the carbon atom might be found.
• Cut a piece of paper into squares
• Label each paper with a possible “reservoir” where you think a large amount of carbon would be found in the Earth’s system.
• Decide which of the reservoirs represents the largest and smallest reservoir of carbon atoms on a global scale. Write the phrase 'most carbon', and 'least carbon' on that piece of paper.
• Arrange the 4 papers in a pattern that represents the carbon cycle.
• Draw in arrows and label the arrows indicating the process that the carbon atom might have to go through in order to move from one reservoir to the other. – Ex. atmosphere(photosynthesis)plants
N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
NO3-
and NO2-
Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
79% of the atmosphere is made up of NITROGEN gas
(N2)
Image by Riedell Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is sostrong it can only be broken by__________________________________________________
CAN’T
lightningVolcanic activityfew special bacteria
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Bacteria that live ______________And on the roots ofplants called _________, take nitrogen from the atmosphere and turn it into ______________, a form that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
in the soil
legumes
AMMONIA (NH3)
NITROGEN FIXATION
Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif modified by Riedell
Other bacteria in the soil convertammonia into ________________& _________________which plants can also use. The nitrogen we need for proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________ ___________ we breathe!
NITRATES (NO3- )
FOOD WE EATNOT THE AIR
& NITRITES (NO2-)
N2 in Atmosphere
NH3
NO3-
and NO2-
Section 3-3
NITROGEN CYCLE
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
Bacteria that live ______________also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESSIS CALLED_________________
in the soil
NITRATES & NITRITES NITROGEN GAS
DENITRIFICATION
Questions for the Nitrogen Cycle
– How do the consumers in the nitrogen cycle differ from the producers?
– Looking at the diagram, where do the three forms of nitrogen found in land (NH3, NO3- and NO2-) come from?
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Weathering wears away rocks and sediments and releases phosphate into soil and water
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
Producers absorb phosphate from soil and water
Phosphate moves through food web
Phosphate returns to soil and water from waste or decomposition
Sediments form “new land”to complete cycle
Phosphorus cycle is only
biogeochemicalcycle that does NOT cycle through
the ______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
atmosphere
Activity• Look at the cycles posted in the corners of
the room.
• In a minute you will be moving to one of these corners.
• Think about which corner you know most about.
• Write your answer on your paper.
• I will give you focus questions to discuss with students from your corner.
Questions
• What does this cycle look like? Draw a picture of it with the other members in your corner.
Question #2
• What elements are involved in this cycle.
Question #3
• Explain the biological importance of this cycle. How does it impact living organisms?
Question #4
• What would happen if this cycle were disturbed?